Umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Isihloko mayelana noMthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Incazelo yokuzindla

Ukuzindla kungahunyushwa njengesenzakalo lapho indlela yokunyakaza kwento ishintsha khona ngenxa yokuthi into ishaya isithiyo. Uma uphonsa ibhola odongeni, ibhola liyabonakala ngoba ibhola lishaya odongeni.

Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Uma ukukhanya kukhishwa yilanga noma eminye imithombo yokukhanya njengezibani zikagesi, ukukhanya kuhamba kusuka emthonjeni wokukhanya kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Uma ukukhanya kushaya isithiyo njengencwadi, udonga noma isibuko, ukukhanya kuboniswa yilowo mgoqo. Isiqondiso sokukhanya ngemva kokushaya into evimbelayo sihlukile endleleni yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngaphambi kokushaya isithiyo. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kuyisenzakalo lapho ukukhanya kushaya isithiyo ukuze indlela yokukhanya ishintshe; indlela yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngemva kokushaya into evimbelayo ihlukile endleleni yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngaphambi kokushaya isithiyo.

Umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya umthetho wefiziksi ochaza isenzakalo sokubonakaliswa kokukhanya. Ungawufakazela lo mthetho ngokwenza ukuhlolwa kokubonakaliswa kokukhanya. Okulandelayo yisitatimende somthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya:

1. Imisebe yokukhanya yesigameko (p), imisebe yokukhanya ebonisiwe (q) kanye nejwayelekile ebusweni (N) kulele endaweni efanayo.

Umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya 1

p = Imisebe yokukhanya kwesigameko , q = imisebe yokukhanya ebonisiwe , i = i-engeli yokwenzeka, r = i-engeli yokubonakaliswa, N = evamile ebusweni

Imisebe yokukhanya kwesigameko

Imisebe yokukhanya kwezehlakalo iyimisebe yokukhanya ehamba iya entweni evinjiwe. Uma into evinjiwe iyincwadi, imisebe yokukhanya kwezehlakalo iyimisebe yokukhanya ehamba iya encwadini. Uma into evinjiwe iyisibuko, imisebe yokukhanya kwezehlakalo iyimisebe yokukhanya ehamba iya esibukweni.

Bhekafuthi  Isimiso sikaPascal

Imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalisiwe

Imisebe yokukhanya eboniswayo iyimisebe yokukhanya esuka entweni evinjiwe ngemva kokushaya isithiyo.

Okuvamile ebusweni

Umugqa ojwayelekile umugqa ongokomfanekiso oqondene nobuso bento evinjiwe eshaywe umsebe wokukhanya. Uma into evinjiwe iyisibuko, umugqa ojwayelekile umugqa ongokomfanekiso oqondene nobuso besibuko lapho umsebe wokukhanya udlula khona.

Plane

Amapulane ayizindawo eziyisicaba futhi anemingcele ethile. Ipulane lingahunyushwa njengendawo engaphezulu. Bheka isithombe. Uma ubeka iphepha liqonde phezulu ukuze lihambisane nemisebe yokukhanya yesigameko, imisebe yokukhanya ebonisiwe kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile, khona-ke ubuso bephepha,

ilele endaweni eyisicaba enemisebe yokukhanya yesigameko, imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalisiwe kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile. ngeSithombe 2. Uma ubeka iphepha liqonde phezulu ukuze lihambisane nemisebe yokukhanya yesigameko,

imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalisiwe kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile bese kuthi ubuso bephepha bube yindilinga eyisicaba kanye nemisebe yokukhanya yesigameko, imisebe yokukhanya ebonakalisiwe kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile.

2. I-engeli yokwenzeka iyafana ne -engeli yokubonakalisa

Uma i-engeli yokwenzeka ingu-30 o , i-engeli yokubonakalisa ingu-30 o . Uma i-engeli yokwenzeka ingu-90 o (isiqondiso sokunyakaza komsebe sifika siqonde ebusweni bento), i-engeli yokubonakalisa ingu-90 o

(isiqondiso sokukhanya okubonakalayo siqonde ngqo ebusweni bento kodwa siphambene futhi sihambisana nesiqondiso semisebe yokukhanya yesigameko).

  1. Uyini umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya?

    Umthetho wokuzindla uthi i-engeli yokwenzeka (i) ilingana ne-engeli yokuzindla (r), okungukuthi, i = r. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-incident ray, i-normal endaweni yokwenzeka, kanye ne-reflection ray konke kulele endaweni efanayo.

  2. Iyiphi indima edlalwa okuvamile emthethweni wokuzindla?

    Okujwayelekile umugqa oqonde ngqo ebusweni endaweni lapho kwenzeka khona ingozi. Usebenza njengomugqa wokubhekisela lapho kulinganiswa khona ama-engeli okwenzeka kanye nokubonakaliswa.

  3. Ingabe umthetho wokuzindla uyasebenza kokubili ezindaweni ezibushelelezi nezinolaka?

    Yebo, umthetho wokuzindla usebenza kokubili ezindaweni ezibushelelezi nezinolaka. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni ezimagebhugebhu noma ezingajwayelekile, ngoba okujwayelekile ezindaweni ezahlukene zokwenzeka kuhlukile, imisebe eboniswayo isakazeka ngezindlela ezahlukene. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukuzindla okusabalele.

  4. Kungani into ibonakala sengathi ibuyiselwe emuva esibukweni ngokomthetho wokuzindla?

    Uma imisebe yokukhanya ikhanya esibukweni esiyisicaba, i-engeli yokwenzeka kwayo ilingana ne-engeli yokubonakalisa. Kodwa-ke, ubuchopho bethu buchaza le misebe njengevela ngqo ngemuva kwesibuko, okuholela esithombeni esibonakalayo, esiphendukezelwe eceleni.

  5. Ingabe umbala wokukhanya uyawuthinta umthetho wokuzindla?

    Cha, umbala wokukhanya awuthinti umthetho wokukhanya. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umbala, noma ubude bokukhanya bungakanani, i-engeli yokwenzeka ihlala ilingana ne-engeli yokukhanya.

  6. Umthetho wokuzindla usetshenziswa kanjani kuma-periscope?

    I-periscope isebenza ngesimiso sokuzindla okulandelanayo. Kunezibuko ezimbili ezibekwe zihambisana ku-45°. Ngakho-ke, umsebe wokukhanya ongena ku-periscope ukhanya kabili futhi ushintsha indlela yawo ngo-180°, okwenza umbukeli abone izinto ezingabonwanga ngqo.

  7. Umthetho wokuzindla ukuchaza kanjani ukusebenza kwesibuko sendiza?

    Isibuko sendiza sikhiqiza isithombe esibonakalayo, esiqondile, nesiphendukezelwe eceleni ngenxa yomthetho wokubonakalisa. Umsebe ngamunye wokukhanya esibukweni uboniswa ngendlela yokuthi i-engeli yokwenzeka ilingana ne-engeli yokubonakalisa, futhi lokhu kuholela ekwakhekeni kwesithombe ngemuva kwesibuko.

  8. Umthetho wokuzindla usetshenziswa kanjani ekwakhiweni kwezibuko ezingemuva ezimotweni?

    Izibuko ezibukwa ngemuva zigobile kancane (ziyi-convex) ukuze zinikeze umshayeli umbono obanzi. Umthetho wokubonakalisa usasebenza endaweni ngayinye ebusweni besibuko, futhi ngokulungisa i-engeli yesibuko, umshayeli angabona umbono obanzi wethrafikhi ngemuva kwakhe.

  9. Umthetho wokuzindla usiza kanjani ekwakhekeni kothingo?

    Uthingo lwenkosazana lubangelwa inhlanganisela yokukhanya okukhanyayo kanye nokukhanya okungaphakathi kwamaconsi amanzi. Umthetho wokukhanya usiza ekuchazeni ukukhanya kwangaphakathi ngaphakathi kwamaconsi, okuthi kanye nokusabalala kokukhanya, kuholele ekwakhekeni kobubanzi obunemibala bothingo lwenkosazana.

  10. Kungani umthetho wokubonakalisa ubalulekile kubuchwepheshe be-optical fiber?

Imicu yokubona isebenza ngesimiso sokubonakaliswa kwangaphakathi okuphelele, into encike emthethweni wokubonakaliswa. Umthetho wokubonakaliswa uqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zokukhanya zingahamba amabanga amade ngaphakathi kwe-fiber ngokulahlekelwa okuncane kwamandla esignali.

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