Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation yama -microscope
I-Angle inquma ubukhulu besithombe sento eyakhiwe ku-retina yeso. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni ohlangothini, uma ubukhulu bento buncane, i-engeli iyancipha futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubukhulu besithombe esenziwe ku-retina buphansi. Ubukhulu obuncane besithombe ku-retina yisona sizathu esenza kube nzima ngeso ukubona izinto ezincane ngokucacile, yize izinto zibukwa ziseduzane, ibanga elingama-25 cm.
Ingilazi yokukhulisa noma ingilazi yokukhulisa inamandla alinganiselwe okwandisa i-engeli ngoba uma usayizi wento umncane kangaka, kunzima ukukubona usebenzisa i- loupe ,
khona-ke kudingeka ithuluzi elibonakalayo elinekhono elingcono lokukhulisa i-engeli. Ithuluzi elibonakalayo liyi-microscope ekhanyayo. I-microscope ekhanyayo inezingqimba ezimbili ezigobile, lapho ilensi ngayinye egobile ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso. Ilensi eqondile isebenza ukwandisa usayizi wesithombe nokuletha isithombe eduze nelensi yeso ukuze i-engeli ibaluleke kakhulu. Esikhundleni salokho, ilensi yeso isebenza ukwandisa i-engeli ukuze usayizi wesithombe esakheka ku-retina ube mkhulu.
1. Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwe-microscope lapho indawo yeso incane kakhulu
1.1 Ukwandiswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe lapho indawo yamehlo incane kakhulu
Ilensi eqondiwe ilensi eqondile. Ngakho-ke, isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile sifana nesibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile.
Izithombe zangempela ezikhiqizwa ilensi eqondile zibhekwa njengezinto ilensi yeso. Amehlo agcinwa okungenani lapho imisipha yeso ethambile iso isesimweni sokukhululeka kakhulu, futhi lokhu kufezwa uma isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwa ilensi yeso singenamkhawulo. Ukuze isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwa ilensi yeso singenamkhawulo, isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwa ilensi eqondile kumele sibe sendaweni egxile ilensi yeso. Ngakho-ke, ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondile (kuob) = ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso (l) – ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (fok).
m ob = ukukhuliswa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe, l = ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe nelensi yeso, f ok = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso, do ob = ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi eqondiwe
Uphawu olubi alufakwa ngoba uphawu olubi luthi kuphela isithombe siphendukezelwe.
1.2 Ukukhulisa okune-angle kwelensi yeso lapho indawo yeso incane khona
Ilensi yeso iyilensi eqondile, ngakho-ke isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular yelensi yeso sifana ne-
isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwe-convex lens loupe noma ingilazi yokukhulisa lapho iso likhululekile.
Isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular kwe-loupe lapho iso likhululekile (indawo yokuhlala incane kakhulu):
M = N / f
Ubude be-focal (f) bushintshwa bube ubude be-focal lens yeso (f ok ).
M kulungile = N / f kulungile
M = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular, N = indawo eseduze kweso elivamile, f ok = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso.
1.3 Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular lapho indawo yeso incane kakhulu
Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular (M) ukuphindaphindwa kokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe (mob) ngokukhulisa okugobile kwelensi yeso (Mok)
Ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili (l) – ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (f ok ) = ibanga lesithombe belensi eqondiwe (di ob ). Into ibekwe eduze kakhulu nendawo eqondile yelensi eqondiwe ukuze ibanga lento elivela kulensi eqondiwe (do ob ) licishe lifane nobude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe.
Isithombe sokugcina singokoqobo, siguquliwe futhi sikude kakhulu (singenamkhawulo). Ibanga elingenamkhawulo lesithombe sokugcina alisho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe sokugcina awunamkhawulo.
2. Ukukhulisa okuphelele lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
2.1 Ukukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
Ilensi yeso iyilensi eqondile, ngakho-ke isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi yeso sifana nesibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondile.
Izithombe zangempela ezikhiqizwa ilensi eqondile zibhekwa njengezinto yilensi yamehlo. Amehlo amukela kahle kakhulu lapho imisipha yeso isesimweni esinzima kakhulu,
futhi lokhu kufezwa uma isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso singama-25 cm ukusuka kulensi yeso, lapho ama-25 cm eyiphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile. Uma ibanga lesithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso (di ok ) lifana nephuzu eliseduze leso elivamile (N), ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi yeso (do ok ):
Isithombe sokugcina esikhiqizwe ilensi yeso sibonakala nge-virtual, ngakho-ke sinikezwa uphawu olubi.
I-do ok ibanga lezithombe zangempela (izinto) kusuka ku-lens yamehlo. Ku -ob ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka ku-lens eqondile. di ob + do ok = ibanga eliphakathi kwamalensi amabili (l). Ngakho ku -ob = l – do ok
i-mob = ukukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe, l = ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso, i-dook = ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi yeso, i-doob = ibanga lento kusuka kulensi eqondiwe
Uphawu olubi alufakwa ngoba uphawu olubi luthi kuphela isithombe siphendukezelwe.
2.2 Ukukhulisa okune-angular lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
Ilensi yeso iyilensi eqondile, ngakho-ke isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular kwelensi yeso sifana nesibalo
kokukhulisa okugobile kwe-loupe (ingilazi yokukhulisa) lapho iso ligxile endaweni eseduze (indawo yokuhlala iphezulu kakhulu).
Isibalo sokukhulisa okune-angular kwe-loupe (ingilazi yokukhulisa) lapho iso ligxile endaweni eseduze (indawo yokuhlala iphezulu):
M = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular, N = indawo eseduze kweso elivamile, f = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso.
2.3 Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular lapho indawo yeso iphezulu kakhulu
Ukukhulisa okuphelele kwe-angular kuwukuphindaphinda kokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi eqondiwe (m ob ) ngokukhulisa kwe-angular kwelensi yeso (M ok ).
Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso (l) – ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi yeso (do ok ) = ibanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (di ob ). Into ibekwe eduze kakhulu nendawo egxile kulensi eqondiwe ukuze ibanga lento kusuka kulensi eqondiwe (do ob ) licishe lifane nobude obugxile belensi eqondiwe. Ngakho-ke, isibalo esingenhla singashintshwa sibe:
