Incazelo yesibonakude sezinkanyezi
Amatheleskopu ezinkanyezi noma ama-binocular ezinkanyezi yizinto ezibonakalayo ezisetshenziswa ukusiza iso ukubona izinto zasezulwini njengezinkanyezi, amaplanethi, amasathelayithi, njll. Nakuba ubukhulu bezinto zasezulwini bukhulu, ibanga lezinto zasezulwini lide kakhulu kangangokuthi uma zibhekwa ngamehlo, izidalwa zasezulwini zibonakala zincane. Amatheleskopu ezinkanyezi asebenza ukukhulisa isithombe sezinto zasezulwini ukuze zibonwe ngamehlo.
Izinhlobo zamatheleskopu ezinkanyezi
Kunezinhlobo eziningana zama-telescope ezinkanyezi, okuhlanganisa ama-telescope okugqama kanye nama-telescope abonisa ukukhanya. I-telescope yokugqama, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-telescope ye-Keplerian, inama-lens amabili abonisa ukukhanya abekwe kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-tube. Ama-lens abonisa ukukhanya akude kakhulu neso lomuntu obukayo abizwa ngokuthi i-lens eqondiwe, kanti ama-lens abonisa ukukhanya aseduze neso abizwa ngokuthi i-lens yeso. Ukuze isithombe sento sibonakale, ubuso belensi eqondiwe kumele bube bukhulu. Ukwenza ama-lens amakhulu ububanzi kunzima, ngakho-ke usayizi we-telescope ekhombisa ukukhanya awukhulu. Ama-telescope amakhulu ngokuvamile ayi-telescope ekhombisa ukukhanya. Ama-telescope okubonisa ukukhanya asebenzisa izibuko ezibonisa ukukhanya njengezibuko ezibonisa ukukhanya.
Lesi sihloko sigxile kuthelesikophu yezinkanyezi noma ithelesikophu iKeplerian.
Indlela ama-telescope ezinkanyezi asebenza ngayo
I-telescope yezinkanyezi ye-refraction iqukethe amalensi amabili aqondile. Ilensi eqondile enebanga elide ukusuka esweni lomqaphi ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi eqondile, kanti ilensi eqondile eseduze neso lomqaphi ibizwa ngokuthi ilensi yeso noma ilensi yeso. Indawo yento ikude kakhulu, okwenza i-engeli eyakhiwe phakathi kwento enelensi eqondile ibe yincane,
Ngakho-ke, ilensi eqondile isebenza ukuletha isithombe eduze nelensi yeso ukuze i-engeli ibe nkulu kakhulu. Ilensi yeso isebenza ukukhulisa i-engeli ukuze usayizi wesithombe esakhiwe ku-retina ube mkhulu.
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezinelensi eqondiwe likude kakhulu futhi libhekwa njengelingenamkhawulo. Njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni mayelana nelensi eqondile, uma ibanga lento likude kakhulu noma lingenamkhawulo, isithombe sikhona endaweni eqondile yelensi eqondiwe. Isithombe singokoqobo, siguquliwe, futhi sincane. Ngenxa yokuthi isithombe sisekugcineni kwelensi eqondiwe, ibanga eliphakathi kwesithombe nelensi eqondiwe (di ob ) lilingana nobude belensi eqondiwe (F ob ).
Isithombe esikhiqizwe ilensi eqondile singokoqobo, ngakho-ke sibhekwa njengento ilensi yeso. Uma amehlo enakekelwa kancane (agxile esweni endaweni ekude), isithombe esakhiwe ilensi yeso singenamkhawulo. Njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni selensi eqondile,
ukuze isithombe esakhiwe ilensi yeso singenamkhawulo, isithombe sangempela esikhiqizwa ilensi eqondile futhi sibhekwe njengento ilensi yeso,
ngaphezu kokuba sendaweni egxile kulensi eqondiwe, kumele futhi kube sendaweni egxile kulensi yeso. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi amaphuzu agxile kulensi eqondiwe kanye nendawo yokuqala egxile kulensi yeso ahambisana, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni. Lapho ubude obugxile belensi yeso (f)ok) ilingana nebanga lesithombe sangempela kusuka ku-lens yeso (dook), isithombe sokugcina esakhiwe ilensi yeso sibonakala, siguquliwe, sikhulisiwe futhi singaphakathi
Ibanga elingenamkhawulo lesithombe alisho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe awunamkhawulo.
Ngokusekelwe esithombeni kanye nencazelo engenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi
ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso yethelesikopu yezinkanyezi = ubude bethelesikopu yezinkanyezi = ubude obugxile belensi eqondiwe (f ob ) + ubude obugxile belensi yeso (f ok ).
Uma iso linendawo yokuhlala ephezulu, khona-ke isithombe esakhiwe yilensi yeso siseduze neso elivamile noma cishe ngamasentimitha angama-25 phambi kwelensi yeso,
lapho ibanga lesithombe lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi yeso (fo o ). Ibanga lesithombe elakhiwe yilensi yeso lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi yeso (f ok ) ukuze isithombe sibe ngokoqobo futhi siguqulwe. Incazelo ephelele ingafundwa ngesihloko sezibalo zetheleskopu yezinkanyezi.
Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwama -telescopes ezinkanyezi
Ingabe ubukhulu besithombe sento ebonwa ngetheleskopu yezinkanyezi bukhulu uma bubhekwa ngamehlo anesilinganiso esincane noma isilinganiso esiphezulu? Okufanele kusetshenziswe njengelensi eqondile neyamehlo, ilensi eqondile enobude obukhulu noma ilensi eqondile enobude obuncane? Le mibuzo ingaphendulwa ngemuva kokufunda isibalo setheleskopu yezinkanyezi.
