Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation of ukukhulisa ingilazi ukukhulisa ingilazi
Njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni esithi i-loupe (ingilazi yokukhulisa), into ibonakala incane uma ibukwa kude futhi ibukeka kahle uma ibukwa eduze. Umehluko ngobukhulu bento ebonwa yiso ubangelwa umehluko ekhoneni eliphakathi kweso nento. Uma into ikude kakhulu neso, i-engeli ephakathi kweso nento incane kangangokuthi isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina yeso naso sincane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma into iseduze neso, i-engeli ephakathi kweso nento inkulu kangangokuthi isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina yeso naso sibaluleke kakhulu. Lapho isondelene neso, i-engeli ephakathi kweso nento iphakeme, ukuze isithombe esakhiwe ku-retina naso sikhule. Sicela uqaphele ukuthi iso lomuntu elijwayelekile linephuzu eliseduze lingu-25 cm ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kweso nento lingabi ngaphansi kuka-25 cm. Kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-engeli phakathi kweso elivamile lomuntu ojwayelekile nento iphezulu lapho ibanga eliphakathi kweso nento lingu-25 cm.
Uma ngemva kokusondezwa eduze no-25 cm ukusuka esweni elivamile, into ingabonakali kahle, khona-ke kudingeka ithuluzi lokukhanya ukusiza iso libone into. I-loupe noma i-magnifier elula isebenza ukwandisa i-engeli phakathi kweso nento. Amandla e-loupe okukhulisa isithombe avezwa yi-angular magnification (M). I-loupe eno-angular magnification engu-2x, vele, ingcono kune-loupe eno-angular magnification engu-1x. I-angular magnification (M) ihlukile ekukhuliseni okuqondile (m).
Ukukhulisa okune-angular kwe-loupe
Ukukhulisa okune-angular kwe-loupe (M) yisilinganiso se-angle phakathi kweso nomfanekiso wento (θ') lapho into ibonakala nge-loop, kuya e-angle phakathi kweso nento (θ) lapho into ibonakala ngqo kusuka endaweni eseduze kweso elivamile. Ngokwezibalo:
M = θ' / θ
Isibalo sokukhulisa kwe-angular kwe-loupe
Isibalo esijwayelekile sokukhulisa i-angular sitholakala ngokuningiliziwe ekubuyekezweni okulandelayo. Ukuze kube lula ukuqonda kwakho, bheka isithombe esingezansi.
Kumfanekiso 1, izinto zibonakala ngqo zisuka endaweni eseduze neso elivamile.
N = iphuzu eliseduze neso elivamile
θ = I-engeli phakathi kwamehlo enezinhlangothi zombili zezinto
h = ho = ukuphakama kwento
KuMfanekiso 2, izinto zibonakala nge-loupe
s = do = ibanga phakathi kwezinto namalensi
θ' = i-engeli phakathi kwe-loupe kanye nemikhawulo yomibili yento
h = ho = ukuphakama kwento
Uma i-engeli incane khona-ke i-tangent θ ≈ θ
θ = h o / N
θ' = h o / do
Isibalo esijwayelekile sokukhulisa i-angular (M) ye-loupe:
M = ukukhulisa okungu-angular, N = indawo eseduze kweso elivamile, do = ibanga lento. Lesi yisibalo esijwayelekile sokukhulisa okungu-angular kwe-loupe. Sibizwa ngokuthi isibalo esijwayelekile ngoba ibanga eliphakathi kwezinto ezine-loupe (do) alinalo inani elithile, kodwa lingaba nanoma yiliphi inani.
Isibalo sokukhulisa okune-angular lapho iso ligxile endaweni ekude
Kuthiwani uma, lapho ubuka izinto usebenzisa i-loupe, amehlo ombukeli egxile endaweni ekude? Uma amehlo elinganiselwe, khona-ke ibanga lesithombe alinamkhawulo. Ukuze isithombe sibe singenamkhawulo, ibanga eliphakathi kwento kanye ne-loop kumele lifane nobude obuqondile be-loupe (qhathanisa incazelo ephathelene ne-loupe (ingilazi yokukhulisa)). Bheka isithombe esingezansi.
Kumfanekiso 3, izinto zibonakala ngqo zisuka endaweni eseduze neso elivamile.
N = iphuzu eliseduze neso elivamile
θ = i-engeli phakathi kwamehlo enezinhlangothi zombili zezinto
h = ukuphakama kwento
KuMfanekiso 4, izinto zibonakala nge-loupe lapho amehlo ombukeli efakwa khona kancane (amehlo agxile kude).
s = do = ibanga phakathi kwezinto ezinelensi = f = ubude obuqondile be-loupe
θ' = i-engeli phakathi kweluphu kanye nemikhawulo yomibili yento
h = ukuphakama kwento
Uma i-engeli incane khona-ke i-tangent θ ≈ θ
Isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular kwe-loupe (M) lapho indawo yeso incane (iso ligxile endaweni ekude):
M = ukukhulisa okugobile, N = eduze nendawo yeso elivamile, f = ubude obuqondile be-loupe.
Lesi sibalo sibonisa ukuthi ukukhulisa okungu-angular (M) kwe-loupe kuhambelana ngokuphambene nobude obuqondile (f). Uma ubude obuqondile buphakeme, ukukhulisa okungu-angular kuncane. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ubude obuqondile buncane, kulapho ukukhulisa okungu-angular kuphakeme. I-loupe ilensi eqondile ngakho kufanele isebenzise ilensi eqondile enobude obuqondile obuncane noma ilensi eqondile enobubanzi obuncane bokugoba ukuze ukukhulisa okungu-loupe kube kukhulu.
Isibalo sokukhulisa okune-angular lapho iso ligxila endaweni eseduze
Kuthiwani uma, uma ubona izinto zisebenzisa i-loupe, amehlo ombukeli egxile endaweni eseduze (indawo yokuhlala iphezulu kakhulu)? Uma iso linendawo yokuhlala ephezulu, ibanga lesithombe elikhiqizwa yi-loupe lifana neliseduze neso elivamile. Izithombe zingokoqobo, ngakho ibanga lesithombe (ngaphakathi) liyi-negative.
Uma ibanga lesithombe (di) lifana nephuzu eliseduze (N), ibanga lento (do):
Uma i-engeli incane khona-ke i-tangent θ ≈ θ
Isibalo sokukhulisa kwe-angular kwe-loupe lapho iso ligxile endaweni eseduze (okufanelekile kuphezulu):
M = ukukhuliswa kwe-angular, N = iphuzu eliseduze neso elivamile, f = ubude obuqondile be-loupe.
Qhathanisa isibalo sokukhulisa i-angular lapho indawo yokuhlala incane (eye igxile endaweni ekude) nesibalo sokukhulisa i-angular lapho indawo yokuhlala iphezulu (eye igxile endaweni eseduze).
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zibalo ezimbili, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukukhulisa kwe-angular kukhulu lapho indawo yokuhlala iphezulu (i-eye focus endaweni eseduze).
