I-diffraction gratings - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. I -grating equkethe izimbobo ezingu-4000 ngesentimitha ikhanyiswa ngokukhanya oku-monochromatic futhi ikhiqiza umugqa okhanyayo we-oda lesibili nge-engeli engu-30°. Iyini ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya okusetshenzisiwe? (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala (d) = 1 / (4000 izikhala / cm) = 0.00025 cm = 2.5 x 10 -4 cm = 2.5 x 10 -6 amamitha
I-oda (n) = 2
Isono 30 o = 0.5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Okufunwayo: Ubude begagasi lokukhanya (λ)
Isixazululo:
2. Ukukhanya oku -monochromatic okunobude be-wavelength obungu-2.5×10 -7 m kushaya i-grating equkethe ama-slits angu-10,000/cm. Thola izindawo ze-angular zomugqa okhanyayo we-second-order.
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala (d) = 1 / (izikhala eziyi-10,000 / cm) = 0.0001 cm = 1 x 10 -4 cm = 1 x 10 -6 m
I-oda (n) = 2
Ubude begagasi (λ) = 2.5 x 10 -7 m
Okufunwayo: I-Angle (θ)
Isixazululo:
3. Ukukhanya okunombala owodwa okunobude obungu-5.10 -7 m kushaya i-grating. Ububanzi phakathi kwe-slit kanye nesikrini sokubuka bungu-2 m, ububanzi phakathi kwe -fringe ye-oda lesithathu kanye ne-fringe ephakathi bungu-150 cm. Thola ibanga phakathi kwe-slits.
Kwaziwa:
Ubude begagasi (λ) = 5 x 10 -7 m
l = 2 m
n = 3
y = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Okufunwayo: ibanga phakathi kwezikhala
Isixazululo:
isono θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 = 75 x 10 -2
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala:
d sin θ = n λ
d (75.10 -2 ) = (3)(5.10 -7 )
d (75.10 -2 ) = 15.10 -7
d = (15.10 -7 ) / (75.10 -2 )
d = (15/75).10 -5
d = (1/5)(10 -5 ) m
d = (0.2)(10 -5 ) m
d = 2.10 -6 m
4. Ukukhanya oku-monochromatic okunobude be-wavelength obungu-500 nm (1 nano = 10 -9 ) kushaya i-grating bese kukhiqiza umugqa okhanyayo we-fourth-order nge-engeli engu-30°. Nquma inani lezikhala ngesentimitha.
Kwaziwa:
Ubude begagasi (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 4
Okufunwayo: inani lemifantu ngesentimitha
Isixazululo:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sin 30 o ) = (4)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 20.10 -7
d = (20.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 40.10 -7
d = 4.10 -6 m
Inani lezikhala ngesentimitha:
x = 1 / 4.10 -6 m
x = 0.25.10 6 / m
x = 0.25.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.25.10 4 / cm
x = 25.10 2 / cm
x = 2500 / cm
5. Ukukhanya oku-monochromatic okunobude be-wavelength obungu-500 nm (1 nm = 10 -9 m) kushaya i-grating bese kukhiqiza umugqa okhanyayo we-oda lesibili nge-engeli engu-30°. Nquma inani lezikhala ngesentimitha.
Kwaziwa:
Ubude begagasi (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 2
Okufunwayo: inani lemifantu ngesentimitha
Isixazululo:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala:
d sin θ = n λ
d (sin 30 o ) = (2)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 10.10 -7
d = (10.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 20.10 -7
d = 2.10 -6 m
Inani lezikhala ngesentimitha:
x = 1 / d
x = 1 / 2.10 -6 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 1 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.5.10 4 / cm
x = 5.10 3 / cm
x = 5000 / cm
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezingu-20 eziphathelene ne-diffraction grating:
1. Umbuzo: Kuyini i-diffraction grating?
Impendulo: I-diffraction grating iyisakhi se-optical esinesakhiwo se-periodic, esihlukanisa futhi sihlukanise ukukhanya kube imisebe eminingana ehamba ngezindlela ezahlukene.
2. Umbuzo: I-diffraction grating ihluke kanjani ku-double slit?
Impendulo: Nakuba kokubili kubangela ukuphambuka, i-grating inezimbobo eziningi (noma imigqa) ngobude beyunithi ngayinye, okukhiqiza imisebe ephambuka kakhulu kanye nokuhlukaniswa okucacile kwe-spectral.
3. Umbuzo: Kungani izikhala phakathi kwemigqa yegridi zibalulekile?
Impendulo: Izikhala zinquma ama-engeli lapho amaza ahlukahlukene okukhanya ehlehliswa khona, ngaleyo ndlela kuthinte ukucaca kanye nokucaca kwe-spectrum ekhiqizwayo.
4. Umbuzo: I-engeli ye-diffraction ihlobene kanjani nobude bokukhanya?
Impendulo: Ubudlelwano bunikezwa yi-equation ye-grating: ��=�sin� , lapho kuwuhlelo lwe-diffraction, wubude besikhathi, kuyisikhala se-grating, kanye yi-engeli ye-diffraction.
6. Umbuzo: Kungani imibala/ubude bamagagasi obuhlukene buhluka ngama-engeli ahlukene?
Impendulo: Ngenxa yokuthi i-engeli ye-diffraction ( ) ilingana ngqo nobude be-wavelength ( ), ubude be-wavelength obude (njengobomvu) budlula obufushane (njengoluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka).
7. Umbuzo: Ukwandisa inani lemifantu (noma imigqa) ku-diffraction grating kuyithinta kanjani iphethini?
Impendulo: Ukwandisa inani lezikhala kulola i-diffraction maxima, kuthuthukisa ukuxazululwa kwe-spectrum.
8. Umbuzo: Kusho ukuthini amandla okuxazulula e-grating?
Impendulo: Amandla okuxazulula yikhono le-grating lokuhlukanisa phakathi kwamaza amabili asondelene kakhulu. Liyanda ngemigqa eminingi kanye nama-diffraction aphezulu.
9. Umbuzo: Ingabe ama-diffraction gratings angasetshenziswa nezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi ngaphandle kokukhanya?
Impendulo: Yebo, zingasetshenziswa nanoma yisiphi isenzakalo samagagasi, okuhlanganisa amagagasi omsindo kanye nama-X-ray.
10. Umbuzo: I-gear yokudlulisa ihluke kanjani ku-reflection grating?
Impendulo: Egridini lokudlulisa, ukukhanya kudlula ezintweni ezigridini, kanti egridini lokubuyisa, ukukhanya kuboniswa ebusweni begridi.
11. Umbuzo: Ziyini izingcezu ze-blazed gratings?
Impendulo: Ama-Blazed gratings ama-reflection gratings lapho imifantu ibekwe khona (noma ibekwe) ukuze kuqondiswe iningi lamandla ku-diffraction order ethile, okuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
12. Umbuzo: Kungani ubukhulu bomsele wegridi (imigqa nge-mm) bubalulekile?
Impendulo: Ubuningi be-groove bunquma ukusabalala kanye nesisombululo se-grating. Ubuningi be-groove obuphezulu buvame ukuholela ekuxazululeni okuphezulu.
13. Umbuzo: I-grating ikhiqiza kanjani i-spectrum?
Impendulo: Uma ukukhanya okumhlophe kuhlangana ne-grating, ubude be-wavelength ngayinye buyaphambuka nge-engeli ehlukile, busakazeke endaweni ethile ukuze kukhiqizwe i-spectrum.
14. Umbuzo: Kungani ama-diffraction aphezulu engase ahlangane?
Impendulo: Kuma-wavelength ahlukene, ama-oda aphezulu angaguqulwa ngama-engeli afana nama-oda aphansi kwamanye ama-wavelength, okubangela ama-spectra ahambisanayo.
15. Umbuzo: Ingabe i-grating ingasetshenziswa ukutadisha ubude be-wavelength obungabonakali?
Impendulo: Yebo, ama-grating angaklanywa izingxenye ezahlukene ze-spectrum ye-electromagnetic, okuhlanganisa i-ultraviolet ne-infrared.
16. Umbuzo: Iyiphi indima edlalwa yizinto zokugaya emaphethini okusabalalisa?
Impendulo: Izakhiwo zezinto zingathinta ukusebenza kahle kwama-oda ahlukene okusabalalisa futhi zinqume ububanzi be-wavelength lapho i-grating ilungiselelwe khona.
17. Umbuzo: I-holographic diffraction grating ikhiqizwa kanjani?
Impendulo: Ama-greti e-Holographic adalwa kusetshenziswa amaphethini okuphazamiseka avela ekukhanyeni kwe-laser, kunokuba alawule imifudlana ngomshini, okuholela ekukhanyeni okuncane okulahlekile kanye nama-spectra ahlanzekile aphezulu.
18. Umbuzo: Kungani i-zero-order maximum ivame ukuba sobala kakhulu?
Impendulo: Ubukhulu be-zero-order buhambisana nokukhanya okungaqhekekanga. Njengoba kungasabalali kakhulu njenge-diffracted orders, ukuqina kwayo ngokuvamile kuphakeme.
19. Umbuzo: Ingabe ama-grating angasebenza nokukhanya okupholishiwe?
Impendulo: Yebo, ukusebenza kahle kwe-diffraction kanye nephethini kungahluka ngokuya ngesimo se-polarization sokukhanya kwesigameko.
20. Umbuzo: Kungani ama-grating enezinzuzo ngaphezu kwama-prism e-spectroscopy?
Impendulo: Ama-grating anganikeza isixazululo esingcono, ukusabalala okuqondile kwama-wavelength, futhi avame ukusebenza kahle kakhulu ekusakazeni ukukhanya ku-spectrum uma kuqhathaniswa nama-prism.
Ama-diffraction grating abalulekile ocwaningweni lwe-optical kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo, ikakhulukazi ku-spectroscopy, okuvumela ukutadisha okuningiliziwe kwezingxenye ze-spectral zokukhanya.
