Ukuphazamiseka kwe-double slit - izinkinga nezixazululo
1. Ukukhanya okuphuzi kudlula ezikhaleni ezimbili bese kubonakala iphethini yokuphazamiseka esikrinini.
(1) Amaphethelo akhanyayo azokhula ngobubanzi uma ukukhanya okuphuzi kufakwa esikhundleni sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
(2) Amaphethelo akhanyayo azokhula ngobubanzi uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala lincishisiwe
(3) Ukuqina kokukhanya kwehla uma kukude nomphetho ophakathi
(4) Ukuqina kokukhanya kuhlala njalo uma kukude nomphetho ophakathi
Yisiphi isitatimende esifanele?
Isixazululo
Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala lincane kunebanga eliphakathi kwesikhala nesikrini ngakho-ke i-engeli incane kakhulu. Bese kuthi,
Isibalo sokuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili (ukuphazamiseka okwakhayo )
d = ibanga phakathi kwezikhala , y = Ibanga phakathi komugqa okhanyayo kanye nomphetho ophakathi , l = ibanga phakathi kwesikrini kanye nomgoqo , n = i-oda r , λ = ubude besikhathi
(1) Amaphethelo akhanyayo azokhula ngobubanzi uma ukukhanya okuphuzi kufakwa esikhundleni sombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka
Ngokusekelwe ku-equation engenhla, inani lemigqa ekhanyayo (n) lilingana ngokuphambene nobude be-wavelength (λ). Uma ubude be-wavelength buncipha, inani lemigqa ekhanyayo (n) liyakhula. Ukukhanya okuphuzi kunobude be-wavelength obukhulu (imvamisa encane) kunokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Uma ukukhanya okuphuzi kushintshwa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ubude be-wavelength buyancipha, ngakho inani lemigqa ekhanyayo (n) liyakhula.
Lesi sitatimende silungile.
(2) Amaphethelo akhanyayo azokhula ngobubanzi uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala lincishisiwe
Ngokusekelwe kufomula engenhla, ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa (d) lilingana ngqo nenani lemigqa ekhanyayo (n). Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lincishisiwe, inani lemigqa ekhanyayo (n) liyancipha.
Lesi sitatimende asilungile.
(3) Ukuqina kokukhanya kwehla uma kukude nomphetho ophakathi
Ukuqina kuhlobene nezinga lokukhanya. Ukuqina kuhambisana nebanga uma ibanga likhulu kanti ukuqina kuncane (ukukhanya kufiphele).
Lesi sitatimende silungile.
(4) Ukuqina kokukhanya kuhlala njalo uma kukude nomphetho ophakathi
Lesi sitatimende asilungile.
2. Ukukhanya kuwela ezimbotsheni ezimbili eziqhelelene ngamamilimitha angu-2 bese kukhiqiza esikrinini ngemitha eli-1 ukusuka emugqeni okhanyayo we-oda lesine ngemilimitha eli-1 ukusuka enkabeni yephethini. Iyini ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya okusetshenzisiwe?
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala (d) = 2 mm = 2 x 10 -3 m
I-oda r (n) = 4
Ibanga phakathi kwesikrini kanye nomgodi (l) = 1 imitha
Ibanga phakathi komugqa okhanyayo we-oda lesine kanye nesikhungo sephethini (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m = 10 -3 m
Okufunwayo: Ubude begagasi ( λ)
Isixazululo:
Isibalo sokuphazamiseka kwe-double slit:
d sin θ = n λ
Ubude be-wavelength bokukhanya ( λ):
3. Izikhala ezimbili ezingama-3 mm ezihlukene, imitha eli-1 ukusuka esikrinini. Uma kukhiqizwe umugqa okhanyayo we-sixth-order 1-mm ukusuka enkabeni yephethini, lingakanani ubude bokukhanya obusetshenzisiwe?
Kwaziwa:
Ibanga phakathi kwezikhala (d) = 3 mm = 3 x 10 -3 m
I-oda r (n) = 6
Ibanga phakathi kwesikrini kanye nomgodi (l) = 1 imitha
Ibanga phakathi komugqa okhanyayo we-oda lesithupha kanye nesikhungo sephethini (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10 -3 m = 10 -3 amamitha
Okufunwayo: Ubude besikhathi sokukhanya ( λ)
Isixazululo:
Ubude besikhathi bokukhanya ( λ)
1. Umbuzo: Iyini isimiso esiyisisekelo ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kwe-double-slit?
Impendulo: Ukuphazamiseka kwe-double-slit kuvela ekubekweni kwamagagasi avela emigqeni emibili esondelene, okuholela ezindaweni zokuphazamiseka okwakhayo nokubhubhisayo.
2. Umbuzo: Ama-fringe akhanyayo namnyama akheka kanjani esikrinini?
Impendulo: Imiphetho ekhanyayo (maxima) ivela ekuphazamisekeni okwakhayo lapho amagagasi ehlangana, kuyilapho imiphetho emnyama (minima) ivela ekuphazamisekeni okubhubhisayo lapho umphetho ovela komunye umngxuma uhlangana nomgodi ovela komunye.
3. Umbuzo: Kungani ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic kuvame ukusetshenziswa ocwaningweni lwe-double-slit?
Impendulo: Ukukhanya kwe-monochromatic kuqinisekisa ubude be-wavelength obuhambisanayo, okukhiqiza iphethini yokuphazamiseka ecacile nezinzile.
4. Umbuzo: Ukushintsha ubude be-wavelength yokukhanya kuyithinta kanjani iphethini yokuphazamiseka?
Impendulo: Ukwandisa ubude be-wavelength kwandisa isikhala se-fringe, kanti ukunciphisa ubude be-wavelength kunciphisa.
5. Umbuzo: Isikhala esiphakathi kwezikhala ezimbili sithinta kanjani iphethini yokuphazamiseka?
Impendulo: Uma isikhala phakathi kwezikhala sikhulu, kulapho iziphetho zokuphazamiseka ziba zisondelene khona esikrinini.
6. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili kungabonakala ngezinhlayiya ezifana nama-electron?
Impendulo: Yebo, izinhlayiya ezifana nama-electron zibonisa ukuhlangana kwamagagasi nezinhlayiya, okubonisa amaphethini okuphazamiseka afana nokukhanya lapho kudlula ezimbotsheni ezimbili.
7. Umbuzo: Uyini umehluko endleleni phakathi kwamagagasi afika emphethweni okhanyayo?
Impendulo: Umehluko wendlela emphethweni okhanyayo uyi-multiple ebalulekile yobude be-wavelength, njengo-0, λ, 2λ, njll.
8. Umbuzo: Ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala ezimbili kanye nesikrini liyithinta kanjani iphethini yokuphazamiseka?
Impendulo: Njengoba ibanga eliphakathi kwezikhala kanye nesikrini likhula, ukuhlukana phakathi kwemingcele kuba kukhulu.
9. Umbuzo: I-central maximum imelelani kuphethini yokuphazamiseka?
Impendulo: I-maximum ephakathi nendawo ekhanya kakhulu maqondana ngqo ne-double slits, lapho amagagasi avela kuzo zombili i-slits ehamba ibanga elifanayo eya esikrinini, okuholela ekuphazamisekeni okwakhayo.
10. Umbuzo: Ingabe iphethini yokuphazamisa ingabonakala ngeso lenyama?
Impendulo: Ngokuvamile, izingcezu zokuphazamiseka zisondelene kakhulu ukuba zingaxazululwa ngeso lenyama, ngakho-ke kusetshenziswa isikrini sokubuka noma i-detector.
12. Umbuzo: Kwenzekani ngephethini yokuphazamiseka lapho umthombo wokukhanya ushintshwa umthombo wokukhanya omhlophe?
Impendulo: Ukukhanya okumhlophe kukhiqiza umphetho omhlophe ophakathi ozungezwe imiphetho enemibala ngoba ubude obuhlukene bamaza buphazamisa ezindaweni ezihlukene kancane.
13. Umbuzo: Ukuvumelana kuhlobene kanjani nokuphazamiseka okunezimbobo ezimbili?
Impendulo: Ukuze kube nephethini yokuphazamiseka ecacile, imithombo yokukhanya evela ezikhaleni ezimbili kumele ivumelane, okusho ukuthi igcina ubudlelwano besigaba obuqhubekayo.
14. Umbuzo: Kungani ukuhlolwa kwe-single-photon kubalulekile ekuqondeni ukuphazamiseka kwe-double-slit?
Impendulo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-single-photon kubonisa ukuthi ama-photon ngamanye angaziphazamisa, okusekela ngokwengeziwe umqondo we-wave-particle duality.
15. Umbuzo: Ububanzi bomhubhe ngamunye buyithinta kanjani iphethini yokuphazamiseka?
Impendulo: Uqhekeko olubanzi luzobangela amaphethini abanzi okusabalalisa, azohlangana futhi ashintshe ukubonakala nokubukhali kwephethini yokuphazamiseka.
16. Umbuzo: Iyiphi indima edlalwa yisimiso se-superposition ekuphazamisekeni?
Impendulo: Isimiso se-superposition sithi ukufuduka okuphelele kwamagagasi agqagqene kuyisamba sokufuduka kwawo ngamanye. Lokhu kuholela ekuphazamisekeni okwakhayo nokubhubhisayo ekuhlolweni okunezimbobo ezimbili.
17. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukuphazamiseka okuphindwe kabili kungenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zamagagasi ngaphandle kokukhanya?
Impendulo: Yebo, ukuphazamiseka kuyinto eyisisekelo yamagagasi futhi kungabonakala ngamagagasi omsindo, amagagasi amanzi, ngisho namagagasi ezinto ezifana nama-electron.
18. Umbuzo: Kwenzekani ngephethini yokuphazamiseka lapho omunye wemifantu umboziwe?
Impendulo: Ukumboza umngxuma owodwa kuzosusa iphethini yokuphazamiseka, futhi kuzobonakala iphethini yokusabalalisa kuphela emngxuma owodwa ovulekile.
19. Umbuzo: Ukuhlolwa kwe-double-slit kuhlobene kanjani nomqondo we-wave-particle duality?
Impendulo: Ukuhlolwa okuphindwe kabili kukhombisa ukuthi izinhlayiya ezifana nama-electron zingabonisa ukuziphatha okufana namagagasi (ukuphazamiseka) kanye nokuziphatha okufana nezinhlayiya (okutholakala njengezinhlayiya ngazinye), kugcizelela ukufana kwezinhlayiya zamagagasi.
20. Umbuzo: Kwenzekani ngephethini yokuphazamiseka lapho izinhlayiya zibonwa ukuthi zidlula kuyiphi indawo?
Impendulo: Isenzo sokubuka siyawubhidliza umsebenzi wamagagasi, futhi iphethini yokuphazamiseka iyanyamalala, okubonisa isimiso se-quantum mechanics ukuthi umqapheli uthinta okubonwayo.
Ukuqonda ukuphazamiseka kwe-double-slit kuyisisekelo kokubili kuma-classical wave optics kanye ne-quantum mechanics, okwembula uhlobo oluyinkimbinkimbi lokukhanya kanye ne-matter.
