Izifundo Eziyisisekelo Zefiziksi

Isihloko mayelana namalensi okuguqula (convex)

Incazelo yelensi eqondile

Olunye uhlobo lwelensi olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ilensi egobile. Ilensi egobile ilensi enephakathi elijiyile kanti imiphetho incane. Amalensi agobile ngokuvamile ayindilinga futhi enziwe ngengilazi ukuze ilensi ibe nenkomba yokugobile ephakeme kunenkomba yokugobile yomoya.

Izinhlobo zamalensi aqondile

Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamalensi aqondile, lapho isimo selensi eqondile sinjengoba siboniswe ngezansi (umbono oseceleni).

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Isihloko mayelana nezakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe ngelensi ehlukahlukene

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile (do > f)

Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga lento (do) lincane kunobude obuqondile (f), khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe yilezi:

– Okubonakalayo kusho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli esithombeni

– Okuqondile

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Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation yamalensi ahlukene (agobile)

Ngaphambi kokuthola i-equation yelensi egobile, qala ngokuqonda imithetho yesibonakaliso selensi egobile.

Imithetho yesibonakaliso selensi egobile

Okulandelayo imithetho yesibonakaliso selensi egobile.

- Ibanga lento (do)

Uma into ingaseceleni kwelensi efana nesiqondiso sokukhanya, khona-ke ibanga lento lihle.

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Isihloko mayelana nokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlukanisayo (ilensi egobile)

Ukuze uqonde ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, bheka izibonelo zezinkinga nezixazululo ezilandelayo. Kulesi simo, into ithathwa njengebanga elithile ukusuka kulensi egobile,

bese udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi egobile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi egobile.

Ubude obuqondile belensi eligobile (ilensi ejikelezayo) bungama-20 cm. Izinto ezinokuphakama okungu-10 cm zitholakala kwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe, uma:

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Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yamalensi ahlukanisiwe (agobile)

Uma into ingakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile, ilensi egobile ingakha isithombe sento. Uma indawo yento ngakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile iyaziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ingakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Umugqa ophuzi = ilensi egobile

Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko

Umcibisholo (oluhlaza okotshani) = into

F₁ = ubude bokugxila 1 no-F₂ = ubude obuqondile 2

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Isihloko mayelana namalensi ahlukanisiwe (agobile)

Incazelo yamalensi aqondile

Olunye uhlobo lwelensi olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ilensi egobile. Ilensi egobile ilensi enesikhungo esincane kanti imiphetho ikhulu. Amalensi agobile ngokuvamile ayindilinga, yize kukhona namalensi angeyindilinga. Amalensi agobile, njengamalensi agobile, enziwe ngengilazi ukuze ilensi ibe nenkomba yokukhanya enkulu kunenkomba yokukhanya yomoya.

Izinhlobo zamalensi aqondile

Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezintathu zamalensi aqondile, lapho isimo selensi sibukeka khona esithombeni esingezansi (umbono ohlangothini).

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Isihloko mayelana nezakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esijiyile

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila besibuko esijijekile (do < f)

Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwe ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esijiyile, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga lento (do) lincane kunobude obuqondile (f), izakhiwo zesithombe yilezi:

– I-Virtual isho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli esithombeni ngoba isithombe singemuva kwesibuko esijiyile

– Okuqondile

– Uma into ikude kakhulu nesibuko esibonakalayo, usayizi wesithombe uba mncane.

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Isihloko mayelana ne-convex mirror equation

Okokuqala, qonda imithetho yesibonakaliso sesibuko esijiyile.

Imithetho yesibonakaliso sesibuko esijiyile

- Ibanga lento (yenza)

Uma into iphambi kobuso besibuko obubonisa ukukhanya, lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona entweni, khona-ke ibanga lento (do) unethemba.

- Ibanga lesithombe (di)

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Isihloko mayelana nokwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esijiyile

Ukuze uqonde ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esijiyile, funda izibonelo zezinkinga nezixazululo ezingezansi. Kulesi simo, into ithathwa njengebanga elithile ukusuka esibukweni esijiyile,

bese udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esijiyile, ibanga lesithombe esisuka esibukweni esijiyile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngesibuko esijiyile.

Ake sithi isibuko esijiyile sinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angu-30. Dweba ukwakheka kwesithombe bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe, uma:

a) Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila (do < f)

b) Ibanga lento lifana nobude bokugxila (do = f)

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Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yesibuko esijijekile

Uma into ingaphambili kwesibuko esijiyile esibonakalisa ukukhanya, isibuko esijiyile sizokwakha isithombe sento. Uma ibanga lento esibukweni esijiyile laziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ingaphambili kwesibuko esijiyile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Umugqa ophuzi = isibuko esijiyile

Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko

Umcibisholo oluhlaza = into

R = isikhungo sokugoba kwesibuko esiqondile

f = ukugxila kwesibuko esijiyile

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