Isihloko mayelana nokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlukanisayo (ilensi egobile)
Ukuze uqonde ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, bheka izibonelo zezinkinga nezixazululo ezilandelayo. Kulesi simo, into ithathwa njengebanga elithile ukusuka kulensi egobile,
bese udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi egobile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi egobile.
Ubude obuqondile belensi eligobile (ilensi ejikelezayo) bungama-20 cm. Izinto ezinokuphakama okungu-10 cm zitholakala kwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe, uma:
a) ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile
b) ibanga lento lifana nobude obuqondile belensi egobile
c) ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile
Kwaziwa:
Ubude obuqondile belensi egobile (f) = -20 cm
Ubude be-focal lens egobile bunophawu olubi ngoba i-focal point yelens egobile i-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona endaweni egobile.
Ukuphakama kwento (h) = 10 cm
Isixazululo:
Ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile (do > f)
Ake sithi ibanga lento lingu-5 cm, 10 cm kanye no-15 cm.
a) Ubude bokugxila bungu--20 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (do) = 5 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/5 = -1/20 – 4/20 = -5/20
di = -20/5 = -4 cm
Uphawu lwebanga lesithombe, olunegethivu, lusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe, elingu-4 cm, lincane kunebanga lento, elingu-5 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / yenza = -(-4)/5 = 4/5 = 0.8
Ukukhulisa isithombe esincane kuno-1 kusho ukuthi isithombe sinciphile, noma usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h' / h
h' = M h = (0.8)(10 cm) = 8 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kuyisibonakaliso esihle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
b) Ubude be-focal buyi--20 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (do) = 10 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/10 = -1/20 – 2/20 = -3/20
di = -20/3 = -6.7 cm
Ibanga lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe lingu-6.7 cm, lincane kunebanga lento, lingu-10 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / do = -(-6.7)/10 = 6.7 / 10 = 0.67
Ukukhulisa isithombe kuncane kuno-1 kusho ukuthi isithombe sinciphile, noma usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.67)(10 cm) = 6.7 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kuyisibonakaliso esihle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
c) Ubude be-focal buyi--20 cm kanti ibanga lento (do) = 15 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/15 = -3/60 – 4/60 = -7/60
di = -60/7 = -8.6 cm
Ibanga lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe lingu-8.7 cm, lincane kunebanga lento, lingu-15 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / do = -(-8.6)/10 = 8.6 / 10 = 0.86
Ukukhulisa isithombe esincane kuno-1 kusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.86)(10 cm) = 8.6 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento lifana nobude obuqondile belensi egobile (do = f)
Ubude be-focal (f) = ibanga lento (do) = 20 cm.
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/20 = -2/20 = -2/20
di = -20/2 = -10 cm
Ibanga lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe lingu-10 cm, lincane kunebanga lento, lingu-20 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / yenza = -(-10)/20 = 10/20 = 0.5
Ukukhulisa isithombe kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.5)(10 cm) = 5 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kuhle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
Ibanga lento likhulu kunobude obuqondile belensi egobile (do > f)
Ake sithi ibanga lezinto lingu-30 cm no-40.
a) Ubude bokugxila bungu--20 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (do) = 30 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/30 = -3/60 – 2/60 = -5/60
di = -60/5 = -12 cm
Ibanga lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe lingu-12 cm, lincane kunebanga lento elingu-30 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / yenza = -(-12)/30 = 12/30 = 0.4
Ukukhulisa isithombe kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.4)(10 cm) = 4 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kuyisibonakaliso esihle, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
b) Ubude obuqondile -20 cm futhi uma ibanga lento (do) = 40 cm
Ibanga lesithombe (di)
1/di = 1/f – 1/do = -1/20 – 1/40 = -2/40 – 1/40 = -3/40
di = -40/3 = -13 cm
Ibanga lesithombe liyi-negative, okusho ukuthi isithombe sibonakala nge-virtual, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni.
Ibanga lesithombe lingu-13 cm, lincane kunebanga lento elingu-40 cm.
Ukukhulisa isithombe (M)
M = -di / yenza = -(-13)/40 = 13/40 = 0.3
Ukukhulisa isithombe kuncane kuno-1, okusho ukuthi usayizi wesithombe mncane kunosayizi wento.
Ukuphakama kwesithombe (h')
Isibalo sokukhulisa isithombe:
M = h'/h
h' = M h = (0.3)(10 cm) = 3 cm
Ukuphakama kwesithombe kusayinwe ukuthi kulungile, okusho ukuthi isithombe siqondile.
