Amanethiwekhi eGurumuda
Ingilazi yokukhulisa noma ingilazi yokukhulisa ilensi eqondile lokho kusetshenziselwa ukusiza iso ukuthi libone into okunzima ukuyibona ngqo usebenzisa iso. I-loupe ibizwa ngokuthi i-simple magnifier ngoba inamandla alinganiselwe okwenza ukukhulisa isithombe sento. Esifundweni esilandelayo, uzofunda ngezikhulisi ezingezona ezilula njenge-microscope, njll.
Amehlo angaboni kahle angalungiswa kusetshenziswa amalensi ezibuko zamehlo kanye namalensi okuxhumana. Amalensi ezibuko zamehlo anamathele engilazini, kuyilapho amalensi okuxhumana enamathele enhlamvini yeso. Ingilazi inebanga elithile ukusuka esweni, kuyilapho amalensi okuxhumana enamathela esweni ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi yokuxhumana neso linganakwa.
Isibonelo sezinkinga umuntu onenkinga yokubona eduze nokubona kude abhekana nazo siyachazwa, ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zamalensi asetshenziswayo ukulungisa amehlo, ukuthi ubude obuqondile namandla elensi buyini. Lokhu kugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwamalensi okuxhumana ekwenzeni ukubona eduze nokubona kude kube sesimweni esijwayelekile.
Ukubona eduze kungalungiswa ngokusebenzisa amalensi ezibuko zamehlo kanye nokuxhumana ama-lensAmalensi ezibuko zamehlo anamathele engilazini, kuyilapho amalensi okuxhumana enamathele enhlamvini yeso. Ingilazi inebanga elithile ukusuka esweni kuyilapho amalensi okuxhumana enamathela esweni ukuze ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi yokuxhumana neso linganakwa.
Kuleli phepha, sichaza izibonelo zezinkinga ezibhekene nabantu abanenkinga yokubona eduze nokubona kude, uhlobo lwelensi esetshenziswa ukulungisa iso, kanye nobude be-focus kanye namandla elensi. Lokhu kugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwezibuko ukulungisa ukubona eduze nokubona kude.
Incazelo ye-niso lokubona izindlebe
Ukubona eduze noma i-hyperopia yisimo esingavamile samehlo lapho iso lingakwazi ukubona indawo eseduze noma indawo eseduze ibonakala ifiphele. Umuntu ojwayelekile onamehlo ajwayelekile unendawo eseduze engama-25 cm.
Imbangela ye- i-niso lokubona izindlebe
Ngokusekelwe encazelweni yangaphambilini, kungaphethwa ngokuthi imbangela yokubona kude yi-cornea kanti ilensi yeso ayigobile kangako,
ukuze ubude bokugxila besistimu yelensi ye-cornea-eye bubaluleke kakhulu, okubangela ukuthi ukukhanya okuvela endaweni eseduze kugxile ngemuva kwe-retina.
Incazelo yeso elibona kude
Ukubona eduze noma i-hyperopia yisimo esingavamile samehlo lapho iso lingakwazi ukubona kahle iphuzu eliseduze, noma iphuzu eliseduze libonakala lifiphele. Nakuba kunzima ukubona iphuzu eliseduze, abantu abanokubona eduze bangabona iphuzu elikude. Iphuzu eliseduze yibanga eliseduze kakhulu elingabonwa yiso elivamile. Iso elijwayelekile elijwayelekile linephuzu eliseduze nama-25 cm. Iphuzu elikude yibanga elikude kakhulu elingabonwa ngamehlo avamile. Umuntu ojwayelekile onephuzu elivamile unephuzu elingenamkhawulo. I-Infinite igama elisetshenziselwa ukuchaza ubude bento ekude kakhulu.
I-athikili Izinsimbi zokubona iso lomuntu
Izingxenye zeso
I-cornea iyi-membrane ecacile neqinile emboze ingaphambili leso. I-cornea iguqula ukukhanya okungena esweni.
Impunzi iyingxenye emnyama yeso. Impunzi imnyama, ngakho-ke imunca cishe konke ukukhanya. Impunzi iyimbobo lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona esweni. Uma ububanzi bompunzi bukhulu, ukukhanya okuningi kungena esweni futhi uma ubukhulu bompunzi buncane, ukukhanya okuncane kungena esweni.
I-iris ilawula ubukhulu be-pupil. Uma indawo ezungeze iso ikhanya kakhulu, i-iris inciphisa i-pupil. Ngokuphambene nalokho, lapho indawo ezungeze amehlo ingakhanyi kangako, i-iris ikhulisa i-pupil ukuze inani lokukhanya elingena esweni libe likhulu. Uma uke wabona umehluko phakathi kweso lekati emini nasebusuku, khona-ke ungaqonda kalula umsebenzi we-iris.
Ibanga lento lincane kunobude bokugxila belensi eqondile (do < f)
Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kwe ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi eqondile, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ibanga lento (do) lincane kunobude be-focal (f) belensi eqondile, izakhiwo zesithombe yilezi:
– Okubonakalayo kusho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli esithombeni
– Okuqondile
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi eqondile, kulapho usayizi wesithombe uba mkhulu khona
– Uma into ikude kakhulu nelensi eqondile, isithombe siqhele kakhulu kunelensi eqondile.
Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation yamalensi ahlanganayo (convex)
Ngaphambi kokufunda i-equation yelensi eqondile, qonda imithetho yezimpawu zelensi eqondile ngezansi.
Imithetho yesibonakaliso selensi eqondile
- Ibanga lento (do)
Uma into idlula emsebeni wokukhanya, khona-ke ibanga lento unethemba.
- Ibanga lesithombe (di)
Uma ukukhanya kudlula isithombe, khona-ke ibanga lesithombe kuyinto enhle (isithombe sangempela). Uma ukukhanya kungadluli esithombeni, ibanga lesithombe kuyinto engemihle (isithombe esibonakalayo).
Isihloko mayelana nokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi ehlanganayo (eqondile)
Ukuze uqonde ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi eqondile, funda izibonelo zezinkinga nezixazululo ngezansi. Kulesi simo, into ithathwa njengebanga elithile ukusuka kulensi eqondile,
bese udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi eqondile, ibanga lesithombe ukusuka kulensi eqondile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe ngelensi eqondile.
Ilensi eqondile inobude obuqondile obungu-20 cm. Izinto ezinobude obungu-10 cm zitholakala ngakwesobunxele selensi. Nquma ibanga lesithombe, ukukhuliswa kwesithombe kanye nokuphakama kwesithombe, uma:
Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yamalensi ahlanganayo (convex)
Uma into ikwelinye icala lelensi egobile, ilensi egobile ingakha isithombe sento. Uma indawo yento kolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile yaziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ikwelinye icala lelensi egobile, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.
Umugqa ophuzi = ilensi eqondile
Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko
Umcibisholo (oluhlaza okotshani) = into
F1 = ubude bokugxila 1 no-F2 = ubude obuqondile 2