Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yamalensi ahlukanisiwe (agobile)
Uma into ingakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile, ilensi egobile ingakha isithombe sento. Uma indawo yento ngakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile iyaziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ingakolunye uhlangothi lwelensi egobile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Umugqa ophuzi = ilensi egobile
Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko
Umcibisholo (oluhlaza okotshani) = into
F 1 = ubude obuqondile 1 kanye no F 2 = ubude obuqondile 2
Isithombe sesithombe sento sitholakala ngokudweba yonke imisebe yokukhanya edlula entweni, kodwa lokhu akusebenzi kangako ngoba kuzoba nemigqa eminingi emele imisebe yokukhanya. Ukuze kube lula, kukhethwa imisebe embalwa yokukhanya ukuze imele yonke imisebe yokukhanya edlula entweni. Njengoba lesi senzakalo sihilela ukuphambuka kokukhanya, umthetho wokuphambuka kokukhanya kumele ulandelwe lapho kudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe.
Imisebe emithathu yokukhanya noma imisebe emithathu
Ray 1:
Umsebe 1 oza kulensi egobile udwetshwa ngokuhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko bese uthinta umkhawulo ophezulu wento,
bese ibuyiselwa emuva ngelensi egobile, lapho umsebe wokukhanya ubuyela emuva njengokungathi uvela endaweni egxile kuyo. Imisebe engenayo kanye nemisebe yokubuka okumele ihlangabezane nomthetho wokubuka emuva kokukhanya.
Ray 2:
I-Ray 2 efika ngelensi egobile idwetshwa njengokungathi iya endaweni egxile kuyo bese ithinta ingxenye engenhla yento,
bese kuhoxiswa ilensi egobile, lapho umsebe wokukhanya ohoxisiwe kumele uhambisane ne-axis eyinhloko. Imisebe engenayo kanye nemisebe yokukhanya ehoxisiwe edwetshiwe kumele igcwalise umthetho wokukhanya ohoxisiwe.
Ray 3:
I-Ray 3 efika kulensi egobile idonswa idlule endaweni lapho kuhlangana khona ilensi egobile kanye ne-axis eyinhloko.
Ukwakheka kwesithombe (imisebe emibili)
Ukwakheka kwesithombe kungadwetshwa kusetshenziswa imisebe emibili kuphela, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi. Uma usebenzisa imisebe emibili, kunezithombe ezintathu ezingaba khona zokwakheka kwesithombe.
I-Ray 1 kanye ne-2
I-Ray 1 kanye ne-3
I-Ray 2 kanye ne-3
Dweba ukwakheka kwezithombe usebenzisa imisebe emibili kuphela okudingeka ilungiswe ukuze ivumelane nebanga lento ukusuka kulensi egobile. Uma ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi egobile linjengoba lisesithombeni esingenhla, kunezindlela ezintathu zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe usebenzisa imisebe emibili kuphela. Uma ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi egobile lihlukile kunomfanekiso ongenhla,
isibonelo, into iphakathi kwendawo egxile kuyo kanye nelensi, khona-ke asikho isidingo sezindlela ezintathu zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe, mhlawumbe kunezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokudweba.
Uma udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, ungakhetha indlela eyodwa futhi akudingeki usebenzise izindlela ezimbili noma ezintathu.
Ukwakheka kwesithombe (imisebe emithathu)
Ukwakheka kwesithombe kungadwetshwa kusetshenziswa imisebe emithathu, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Uma ibanga lento ukusuka kulensi egobile lingafani neliboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, isibonelo, into iphakathi kwelensi egobile nendawo egxile kuyo,
noma into iphakathi kwendawo egxile kuyo kanye nendawo ephakathi nendawo egobile yelensi egobile, khona-ke akudingekile ukuthi ukwakheka kwesithombe kungadwetshwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezintathu ezifana nomfanekiso ongenhla. Kungaba nezindlela ezimbili kuphela zokudweba ukwakheka kwesithombe.
Sicela ubheke isibonelo sesithombe sokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile, lapho ibanga lento kusuka kumalensi agobile, lihlukahluka khona, maqondana nokwakheka kwesithombe ngelensi egobile.
Imibuzo nezimpendulo eziyi-10 ezinengqondo mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yelensi ehlukanisiwe (egobile).
1. Iyini injongo yomdwebo wemisebe kumongo webhula elihlukanisiwe?
Umdwebo wemisebe uwumfanekiso obonisa indlela imisebe yokukhanya eshintsha ngayo indlela lapho idlula ilensi. Ngokwesimo selensi ehlukanayo, ubonisa indlela imisebe yokukhanya yesigameko ehlukana ngayo ngemva kokudlula ilensi nokuthi ibonakala kanjani ivela endaweni eyodwa ohlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nokukhanya okungenayo (indawo egxile kuyo).
2. Yimiphi imisebe ejwayelekile esetshenziswa ukudweba umdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanayo?
Kusetshenziswa imisebe emithathu ejwayelekile:
- Umsebe wokuqala uhamba ngokuhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko bese kubonakala sengathi uvela endaweni egxile ngemuva kokugqama.
- Umsebe wesibili udlula ngqo phakathi kwelensi ngaphandle kokujikijelwa.
- Umsebe wesithathu uqondiswa endaweni egxile ohlangothini oluphambene lwelensi bese uvela uhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko.
3. Isithombe esakhiwe ilensi ehlukanayo sihluke kanjani kumadayagramu emisebe uma siqhathaniswa nelensi ehlanganayo?
Kuma-ray diagram, ilensi ehlukanayo ihlala yakha isithombe esibonakalayo, esiqondile, nesinciphile esitholakala ohlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nento. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ilensi ehlanganayo ingakha izithombe zangempela, eziguquliwe (uma into ingaphezu kwephuzu eliqondile) noma izithombe ezingokoqobo, eziqondile (uma into iseduze nephuzu eliqondile).
4. Kungani isithombe esakhiwe ilensi ehlukanayo sihlala sibonakala njenge-virtual njengoba kubonakala kuma-ray diagrams?
Kuma-ray diagrams amalensi ahlukanayo, imisebe ephendukayo iyahlukana futhi empeleni ayihlangani kolunye uhlangothi lwelensi. Esikhundleni salokho, kubonakala sengathi ivela endaweni ethile ohlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nento, okuholela esithombeni esibonakalayo.
5. Ukukhuliswa kwesithombe kunganqunywa kanjani ngomdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanisiwe?
Ukukhulisa isithombe kungatholakala kusukela kumdwebo wemisebe ngokuqhathanisa ukuphakama kwesithombe (okuthathwe kusukela ku-axis eyinhloko kuya phezulu kwesithombe) nokuphakama kwento. Uma ngelensi ehlukanayo, isithombe sizohlala sincane kunento, okubonisa ukukhulisa okungaphansi kuka-1.
6. Iyini indima ye-axis eyinhloko kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanayo?
I-axis eyinhloko kumdwebo wemisebe umugqa odlula phakathi kwelensi futhi uqonde ngqo kulensi. Usebenza njengomugqa wokubhekisela wokulandelela indlela yemisebe yokukhanya nokuthola into, isithombe, kanye namaphuzu agxile kuyo.
7. Iphuzu elibalulekile limelelwe kanjani kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanayo?
Kumdwebo wemisebe, indawo egxile kulensi ephambukayo imelelwa njengendawo lapho imisebe yokukhanya ehambisana ne-axis eyinhloko ibonakala iphambuka khona ngemva kokudlula kulensi. Leli phuzu litholakala ohlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nokukhanya okungenayo.
8. Kumdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi nesithombe lihlobene kanjani nebanga lento kanye nobude bokugxila?
Ubudlelwano bunikezwa yifomula yelensi 1/f = 1/v – 1/u, lapho u-f eyi-focal length, u-v eyi-image distance, kanti u-u yi-object distance. Njengoba ilensi ehlukanayo ino-negative focal length, ibanga lesithombe nalo liyi-negative, okubonisa ukuthi isithombe sakhiwe ohlangothini olufanayo lwelensi nento.
9. Indawo yesithombe ingabikezelwa kanjani kusetshenziswa umdwebo wemisebe yelensi ehlukanayo?
Indawo yesithombe ingabikezelwa ngokwelula imisebe ejikile emuva ohlangothini lwento ize ihlangane. Iphuzu lapho izandiso zale misebe zihlangana khona yindawo yesithombe.
10. Kwenzekani esithombeni esikumdwebo wemisebe njengoba into isondela ngelensi ephambukayo?
Njengoba into isondela ngelensi ehlukanayo, isithombe naso sisondela ngelensi kodwa sihlala ohlangothini olufanayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wesithombe uba mncane njengoba into isondela ngelensi.
