### Imodeli Yokufunda Esekelwe Kumaphrojekthi Ezikoleni
I-Pendahuluan
Enkathini yanamuhla yedijithali neyomhlaba wonke, imfundo iyadingeka ukukhiqiza isizukulwane esingagcini nje ngokufunda imfundiso kodwa futhi esisebenzisa lolo lwazi empilweni yangempela. Enye imodeli yokufunda ebhekwa njengephumelelayo ekufezeni lo mgomo yi-Project-Based Learning (PBL). Le modeli igcizelela indlela esebenzayo, ebambisene, nesekelwe kumaphrojekthi enkambisweni yokufundisa nokufunda. Lesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngencazelo, ukusetshenziswa, izinzuzo, izinselele, kanye nezibonelo zokufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi ezikoleni.
Incazelo Yokufunda Okusekelwe Kuphrojekthi
Ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi kuyindlela lapho abafundi befunda khona ngokuzibandakanya mathupha kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi, okudinga ukuphenywa okujulile kwesihloko noma inkinga. Lokhu kuholela abafundi ekuthuthukiseni amakhono okucabanga ngokujulile, ukubambisana, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuzilawula. Amaphrojekthi avame ukubandakanya imikhakha eminingi , okwenza kube yindlela yokufunda ephelele.
Ukuqaliswa Kokufunda Okusekelwe Kuphrojekthi
1. Ukunquma Isihloko Sephrojekthi
Uthisha nabafundi bazonquma isihloko noma inkinga okufanele ixazululwe kuphrojekthi. Isihloko kufanele sihambisane nekharikhulamu futhi sibe mnandi kubafundi.
2. Ukuhlela
Kulesi sigaba, uthisha usiza abafundi ukuthi bakhe imibuzo yocwaningo, izinhloso zephrojekthi, futhi banqume izinyathelo okufanele zithathwe.
3. Ukuqoqwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwedatha
Abafundi baqala ukwenza ucwaningo, ukuqoqa idatha, nokusebenza kumaphrojekthi ngokwecebo elihleliwe kusengaphambili. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi izingxoxo, izivivinyo, izinhlolovo, noma ukubuyekezwa kwezincwadi.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa Komkhiqizo
Ngokusekelwe kudatha eqoqwe, abafundi bakha umkhiqizo wephrojekthi. Lo mkhiqizo ungaba umbiko obhaliwe, isethulo esibonakalayo, ividiyo, noma omunye umsebenzi wokudala.
5. Ukwethulwa Nokuhlolwa
Abafundi bethula umsebenzi wabo ekilasini noma ezilalelini eziningi. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa uthisha, abanye abafundi, noma ngisho nabantu bangaphandle abahilelekile kule phrojekthi.
Izinzuzo Zokufunda Okusekelwe Kuphrojekthi
1. Ukuthuthukiswa Kwamakhono Ekhulu Lama-21
I-PBL isiza abafundi ukuthuthukisa amakhono abalulekile ekhulu lama-21, njengokucabanga okujulile, ubuciko, ukubambisana, kanye nokuxhumana. Abafundi bafunda ukusebenza ngamaqembu, babelane ngemibono, futhi baxazulule izinkinga ngokubambisana.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa Isisusa Nokuzibandakanya Kwabafundi
Ngenxa yokuthi igxile kumaphrojekthi afanele futhi aheha abafundi, i-PBL ivame ukwandisa ugqozi kanye nokuzibandakanya kwabafundi enkambisweni yokufunda. Abafundi bazizwa benobunikazi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu wamaphrojekthi abasebenza kuwo.
3. Ukuxhumana Nempilo Yangempela
Ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi kwenza abafundi baqaphele kakhudlwana ukuhlobana phakathi kwalokho abakufundayo esikoleni nokuphila kwangempela. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba babone ukubaluleka kwalokho abakufundayo nokuthi kungani kubalulekile empilweni yabo.
4. Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kanye nokwenza ngokwezifiso
I-PBL inikeza ukuguquguquka, okuvumela othisha ukuthi bavumelanise indlela yabo yokufundisa ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo nezintshisekelo zabafundi. Lokhu kungaba wusizo ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zasekilasini.
Izinselele Ekusetshenzisweni kwe-PBL
1. Ubunzima Bokuhlela Nokusebenzisa
Ukusebenzisa i-PBL kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela kanye nesikhathi esanele. Othisha kumele balungiselele izakhi ezahlukene zephrojekthi futhi baqinisekise ukuthi konke kuhamba kahle.
2. Ukwehlukahluka Kwamakhono Abafundi
Akubona bonke abafundi abanekhono elifanayo lokuphatha amaphrojekthi. Othisha kudingeka baqinisekise ukuthi bonke abafundi bathola ukwesekwa abakudingayo ukuze baphumelele.
3. Izinsiza kanye Nezindawo Zokusebenza
Amanye amaphrojekthi angadinga izinsiza ezengeziwe ezingatholakali njalo esikoleni. Othisha kungadingeka babe nobuciko ekutholeni izixazululo noma bafune usizo lwangaphandle.
4. Ukuhlolwa Okuyinkimbinkimbi
Ukuhlola ku-PBL kuvame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunakumamodeli okufunda avamile. Othisha kumele bahlole izici ezahlukahlukene zephrojekthi, njengokuqukethwe, inqubo, ukubambisana, kanye nokwethulwa kokugcina.
Izibonelo Zokusetshenziswa Kwe-PBL Ezikoleni
1. Amaphrojekthi Ezemvelo
Esikoleni samabanga aphansi, abafundi bacelwa ukuthi bahlonze izinkinga zemvelo emphakathini wabo, njengokungcola kwepulasitiki noma ukungcola komoya. Base bedala izinhlelo zokwenza ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, baqoqa idatha ngomthelela wezenzo zabo, futhi ekugcineni bethula abakutholile emphakathini wesikole kanye nomphakathi.
2. Iphrojekthi Yebhizinisi
Isikole silungiselela iphrojekthi lapho abafundi bakha khona umbono webhizinisi elincane. Bafunda ngocwaningo lwemakethe, ukuhlela ezezimali, kanye namasu okumaketha. Ngemva kwalokho, abafundi bethula umbono wabo webhizinisi kuphaneli yothisha kanye nosomabhizinisi bendawo.
3. Iphrojekthi Yomlando Wendawo
Emakilasini omlando, abafundi bangenza amaphrojekthi lapho becwaninga khona ngomlando wendawo yedolobha labo, baxoxisane nabadala emphakathini, baqoqe izithombe nezinto zobuciko, futhi bakhe umbukiso womlando ovulekele umphakathi.
4. Amaphrojekthi Obuchwepheshe
Esihlokweni ukwaziswa kwesimanje, abafundi banganikezwa amaphrojekthi okuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokusebenza ezilula ezingasiza izidingo zomphakathi wesikole, isibonelo isicelo sokwenza lula inqubo yokuvota yokukhethwa kukamongameli womkhandlu wabafundi noma isicelo sokukhumbuza abafundi ngamashejuli emisebenzi yesikole.
Isiphetho
Ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi kunikeza indlela entsha nephumelelayo yemfundo. Le modeli ayisizi nje kuphela abafundi ukuqonda indaba kodwa futhi ithuthukisa amakhono abalulekile adingekayo esikhathini esizayo. Nakuba izinselele zokusebenzisa ziyinkimbinkimbi, izinzuzo ezinikezwayo zibalulekile. Ngakho-ke, i-PBL ifanelwe ukucatshangelwa njengendlela eyinhloko enkambisweni yemfundo ezikoleni. Nge-PBL, abafundi bangafunda ngenkuthalo, bacabange ngokujulile, futhi balungiselele kangcono umhlaba wangempela.
