Amasu Okufunda Asekelwe Ezidingweni Zabafundi
Ukufunda okuphumelelayo akusekho nje "ukuletha izinto" futhi kunethemba lokuthi bonke abafundi bazokuqonda ngendlela efanayo. Ekilasini langempela, abafundi bafika namakhono okuqala ahlukene, izintshisekelo, izizinda, izitayela zokufunda, kanye nezimo zenhlalo nemizwa. Ngakho-ke, isu lokufunda elisekelwe ezidingweni zabafundi liyindlela ebalulekile yokuqinisekisa ukuthi inqubo yokufunda inenjongo ngempela, ilingana, futhi ikhiqiza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Leli su libeka abafundi esizindeni sokufunda, kuyilapho othisha bedlala indima yokuklama okuhlangenwe nakho kokufunda okuguquguqukayo, okuphendulayo, nokunenjongo.
Kungani Ukufunda Kufanele Kusekelwe Ezidingweni Zabafundi?
Izidingo zabafundi zihlanganisa izici ezahlukene: ezemfundo (ukuqonda okunengqondo, amakhono), okungezona ezezemfundo (ugqozi, ukuzethemba), kanye nezidingo zomongo (ulimi, isiko, ukwesekwa komndeni). Uma ukufunda kungacabangi ngalezi zidingo, abanye abafundi bangasala ngemuva, bazizwe bengafaneleki, noma balahlekelwe yintshisekelo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho othisha beklama ukufunda okuvumelana nezidingo zabo, abafundi bavame ukuba nentshisekelo kakhulu, ukuzethemba, futhi bafinyelele kalula imigomo yabo yokufunda.
Indlela esekelwe ezidingweni ihambisana nezimiso zemfundo ehlanganisa bonke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi bonke abafundi—kuhlanganise nalabo abanenkinga yokufunda, labo abanamakhono aphezulu, kanye nalabo abadinga ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo—banethuba elilinganayo lokuchuma.
Isinyathelo Sokuqala: Ukudweba Izidingo Zabafundi
Isu elifanele lihlala liqala ngokuxilonga okufanele. Othisha kudingeka bahlele izidingo zabafundi ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokufunda. Ezinye izindlela zokwenza lokhu zifaka:
1. Ukuhlolwa kokuqala kokuxilonga: Kwenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala isihloko esisha ukuze kutholakale amakhono adingekayo, imibono eyiphutha, kanye nokulungela ukufunda. Ukuhlolwa kungathatha isimo semibuzo emfushane, imibuzo evulekile, noma imisebenzi elula.
2. Ukuqaphela ikilasi: Uthisha uqaphela ukuthi ubani okhuthele, ukuthi ubani ovame ukuthula, ukuthi ukuxhumana phakathi kwabafundi kunjani, kanye nanoma yiziphi izithiyo ezivelayo.
3. Izingxoxo ezilula kanye nokuzindla kwabafundi: Isibonelo, ngamajenali okufunda, amathikithi okuphuma, noma izingxoxo ezimfushane mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izingxenye ezazinzima.
4. Ukuhlaziywa kwemiphumela yokufunda yangaphambilini: Amamaki, amaphothifoliyo, umsebenzi wephrojekthi, kanye namanothi othisha kuyimithombo ebalulekile yokubona amaphethini.
5. Ukubambisana nabazali nabanye othisha: Ulwazi mayelana nemikhuba yokufunda yabafundi ekhaya noma izimo ezithile lungasiza othisha ukuthi benze izinguquko.
Kusukela emiphumeleni yokudweba amamephu, othisha bangaqoqa izidingo zabo ngamaqembu kalula: abafundi abadinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe, abafundi abakulungele ukuqhubekela phambili, kanye nabafundi abasezingeni eliphakathi abasadinga izinselelo.
Ukufunda Okuhlukile: Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Ngaphandle Kokuyekethisa Izindinganiso
Elinye lamasu amakhulu asekelwe ezidingweni zabafundi ukuhlukanisa, okuhilela ukulungisa inqubo yokufunda ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni imigomo yokufunda. Ukuhlukanisa kungenziwa ku:
1. Ukwehlukaniswa kokuqukethwe (okubalulekile)
Othisha bahlinzeka ngezinsiza zokufunda ezahlukahlukene: imibhalo yamazinga ahlukahlukene obunzima, amavidiyo, izithombe ezibonisa ulwazi, noma imiboniso ebukhoma. Umgomo ukuvumela abafundi ukuthi bafinyelele imiqondo ngendlela efanela amakhono abo.
2. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezinqubo (izindlela zokufunda)
Abafundi banikezwa ukukhetha imisebenzi: ukutadisha ngokuzimela, izingxoxo zeqembu, ukuzijwayeza, noma ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni. Isibonelo, ukuze baqonde umqondo wezingxenyana, abanye abafundi basebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo, kanti abanye basebenza ezinkingeni zokusebenzisa.
3. Ukwehluka komkhiqizo (imiphumela yokufunda)
Abafundi bangabonisa ukuqonda ngezindlela ezahlukene: izethulo, amaphosta, imibiko, amavidiyo, noma amaphrojekthi. Umkhiqizo wokugcina ungathatha izinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa usalinganisa izinkomba ezifanayo.
4. Ukwehlukaniswa kwezindawo zokufunda
Amalungiselelo okuhlala, imithetho yokusebenza kweqembu, izindawo ezithule zabafundi abaphazamiseka kalula, noma ukufinyelela izinsiza zokufunda kungandisa induduzo nokugxila.
Ukuhlukanisa okuhle kudinga ukuhlela, kodwa empeleni kwenza ukufunda kube ngcono ngoba othisha akudingeki "baphinde bafundise" kakhulu ngoba abafundi abakakulungeli.
Ukufunda Okusekelwe Esithakazeloni: Ukuqinisa Isisusa Sangaphakathi
Ngaphandle kwekhono, enye imfuneko ebalulekile isithakazelo. Abafundi bafunda kalula uma lokho okufundwayo kuzwakala kufanele empilweni yabo. Othisha bangasebenzisa amasu alandelayo:
– Ukuxhumanisa izinto nezimo zangempela: Izibonelo zezinkinga zezibalo mayelana nokuthenga, ezemidlalo, noma ezokuxhumana eziseduze nokuphila kwansuku zonke kwabafundi.
– Ukukhetha isihloko sephrojekthi: Esabelweni sokudala umbhalo ophikisanayo, abafundi bangakhetha isihloko abasikhathalelayo (imvelo, ubuchwepheshe, impilo).
– Ukufunda Okusekelwe Kuphrojekthi: Abafundi bacwaninga ngezinkinga zangempela futhi bathuthukise izixazululo. Lokhu kuvumela ubuhlakani kanye nobunikazi.
Intshisekelo ayikona nje “ukwenza ikilasi libe mnandi,” kodwa kunalokho imayelana nokukhuthaza isisusa esijulile, okungukuthi isifiso sokufunda ngoba isifundo sizwakala sinenjongo.
Ukwakha Isisekelo: Ukusekelwa Kwesinyathelo Ngesinyathelo Kwabafundi Abaswele
Abafundi abanamakhono aphansi okuqala noma ababhekene nobunzima bokufunda badinga ukwesekwa kancane kancane (ukufakwa kwe-scaffolding). Izinhlobo ze-scaffolding zifaka:
- Izibonelo ezisetshenzisiwe ngaphambi komkhuba wokuzimela
- Iziqondiso zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo kanye nezikhumbuzo zomqondo oyinhloko
- Umusho noma uhlaka lokuvula (ithempulethi) lwemisebenzi yokubhala
- Qondisa imibuzo ngesikhathi sengxoxo
- Ukuzivocavoca okunezigaba kusukela kokulula kuya kokuyinkimbinkimbi
Empeleni, ukwesekwa kuyanikezwa ekuqaleni, bese kuncipha kancane kancane njengoba abafundi beba ngokuzimela. Ngale ndlela, abafundi abazizwa "beshiywe bodwa" futhi abaxhomekeki njalo kuthisha.
Ukuhlola Okwakhayo kanye Nempendulo Esheshayo
Ukufunda okusekelwe ezidingweni kudinga othisha ukuthi baqhubeke nokuqapha inqubekela phambili. Ukuhlola okwakhayo kusebenza njengekhampasi yokulungisa amasu. Isibonelo:
– ithikithi lokuphuma (umbuzo owodwa oyinhloko ngaphambi kokuya ekhaya),
- imibuzo emifushane engenamamaki aphezulu,
- ingxoxo yokuzindla,
- hlola ukuqonda ngamakhadi ombala noma amavoti edijithali.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu impendulo. Impendulo ephumelelayo iqondile: ikhombisa ukuthi yini ehambe kahle, ukuthi yini edinga ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nezinyathelo ezilandelayo eziqondile. Akuyona nje isilinganiso "esihle" noma "esibi", kodwa kunalokho isiqondiso esisebenzisekayo kubafundi.
Ukufunda Komphakathi Nemizwa: Isidingo Esivame Ukunganakwa
Izidingo zabafundi zidlulela ngale kwezemfundo. Ukuzizwa bephephile, bebalulekile, futhi bamukelekile kuthinta kakhulu ikhono labo lokufunda. Othisha bangenza lokhu:
– ukwakha isiko lekilasi elihlonipha ukungafani,
– besebenzisa imithetho yekilasi evunyelwene ngayo,
- nikeza abafundi ithuba lokubuza imibuzo ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuthi bazophutha,
– hlola imizwa yakho kafushane, ikakhulukazi uma ikilasi libonakala lixinene.
Uma izidingo zomphakathi nezingokomzwelo zihlangatshezwa, abafundi bakulungele kakhulu ukwamukela izinselele zemfundo futhi bazimisele kakhulu ukuzama.
Ukusetshenziswa Okufanele Kobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe bungasiza ekwenzeni ukufunda kube ngokwakho, isibonelo:
- ipulatifomu yokuqeqesha eguquguqukayo evumelana nezinga lobunzima,
- amavidiyo okufunda okuqinisa ekhaya,
- inkundla yokuxoxisana yabafundi abakhululekile ukubhala kunokukhuluma.
Kodwa-ke, ubuchwepheshe kumele busetshenziswe ngenhloso ecacile, hhayi nje njengesitayela. Othisha kusadingeka baqinisekise ukufinyelela okulinganayo nokusekela abafundi ukuze bangagcini nje "ngokuchofoza" ngaphandle kokuqonda.
Izinselele kanye Nendlela Yokuzinqoba
Ukusebenzisa amasu asekelwe ezidingweni kuvame ukubhekana nezinselele: isikhathi esilinganiselwe, inani elikhulu labafundi, izinselele zokuphatha, kanye nezikhala ezinkulu zamakhono. Ezinye izixazululo ezingokoqobo zifaka:
– kusukela ezinguqukweni ezincane (isib. amathikithi okuphuma kanye nokuqoqwa okulula),
– sebenzisa izinto ezingasetshenziswa kabusha (amabhange emibuzo ahlelwe ngamamaki, amarubriki),
- ukusebenzisana nabanye othisha ukuze babelane ngamathuluzi okufundisa,
- qeqesha ukuzimela kwabafundi ngokusebenzisa imikhuba yekilasi eqhubekayo.
Isihluthulelo sempumelelo ukungaguquguquki kanye nokuzimisela ukulungisa izinhlelo ngokusekelwe kudatha yekilasi.
I-Penutup
Isu lokufunda elisekelwe ezidingweni lidinga othisha ukuba babheke abafundi njengabantu abahlukile, hhayi njengeqembu elifanayo. Ngokuhlela izidingo, ukusebenzisa ukuhlukanisa, ukwakha isisusa ngezintshisekelo, ukunikeza isisekelo, ukusebenzisa ukuhlolwa okwakhayo, nokunaka izici zomphakathi nemizwa, ukufunda kuba okubandakanya kakhulu futhi kube nomthelela. Ekugcineni, umgomo wemfundo awukona nje ukuvumela abafundi ukuba "baqonde okuqukethwe," kodwa ukubasiza bathuthuke bafinyelele emandleni abo aphelele—ngendlela elinganayo, enobuntu, nenenjongo.
