Indlela Yokuthuthukisa Amakhono Okuxhumana Kwabafundi
Amakhono okuxhumana ayikhono eliyisisekelo elinquma kakhulu impumelelo yabafundi, kokubili esikoleni nasempilweni yansuku zonke. Abafundi abakwaziyo ukuxhumana kahle bavame ukuzethemba kakhulu lapho bebuza imibuzo, beveza imibono, besebenza ngamaqembu, futhi bethula izabelo ekilasini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuxhumana okulinganiselwe kuvame ukushiya abafundi bengenzi lutho, bengabaza, futhi kwenza kube nzima nokuthuthukisa amakhono abo ezemfundo nakwezenhlalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana abafundi akuyona nje umthwalo wemfanelo wothisha bolimi lwase-Indonesia, kodwa futhi nowabo bonke othisha, abazali, kanye nomphakathi wesikole wonke.
1. Qonda incazelo yokuxhumana okuphumelelayo
Ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kungaphezu nje kokukhuluma kahle. Kuhlanganisa ikhono lokudlulisa umlayezo ngokucacile, ukulalela ngempumelelo, ukuqonda umongo, nokuguqula ulimi ukuze luvumelane nomunye umuntu. Kubafundi, ukuxhumana okuphumelelayo kuhlanganisa izici eziningana: amakhono okukhuluma (amazwi), ulimi lomzimba (olungakhulumi), ukulalela ngenkuthalo, amakhono okubhala, kanye namakhono okufunda ukuze kuqondwe ulwazi. Lapho izikole zihlose ukuthuthukiswa kokuxhumana, zonke lezi zici kufanele ziqeqeshwe ngendlela elinganiselayo.
2. Ukwakha indawo ephephile nesekelayo
Esinye sezithiyo ezinkulu zokuxhumana kwabafundi ukwesaba ukwenza amaphutha noma ukuhlekwa. Ngakho-ke, isinyathelo sokuqala esibaluleke kakhulu ukudala isimo sekilasi esiphephile. Othisha bangaqala ngokubeka imithetho elula: ungaphazamisi, ungahlekisi abanye, uhloniphe ukungezwani kwemibono, futhi ugxile kokuqukethwe kwempikiswano, hhayi ekuhlaselweni komuntu siqu. Lapho abafundi bezizwa bephephile, bazimisele kakhulu ukukhuluma nokufunda emaphutheni abo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izipho ezincane zokubonga ezivela kothisha—njengokuthi “ngiyabonga ngokubuza” noma “lelo yiphuzu elithakazelisayo”—zingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekuzethembeni kwabafundi. Indawo yokusekelana isiza abafundi ukuthi baqaphele ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyinqubo yokufunda, hhayi isivivinyo esesabekayo.
3. Zijwayeze amakhono okulalela asebenzayo
Ukuxhumana okuhle kuqala ngamakhono okulalela. Abafundi kudingeka bajwayele ukuqonda ngempela umuntu abakhuluma naye, kunokulinda nje ithuba labo lokukhuluma. Ukulalela ngenkuthalo kungenziwa ngemisebenzi elula, efana nalokhu:
– Ukufingqa: ngemva kokuba umngane esekhulumile, abafundi bacelwa ukuba bafingqa umyalezo oyinhloko ngomusho owodwa noma emibili.
– Ukubuza imibuzo ecacisayo: abafundi baqeqeshwe ukubuza ukuthi “usho ukuthini?” noma “unganikeza isibonelo?”
– Ukuxhumana ngamehlo kanye nolimi lomzimba: abafundi bakhuthazwa ukuba baqonde ukuthi ulimi lomzimba lukhombisa nokunaka.
Ngokulalela ngenkuthalo, ikhwalithi yezingxoxo iyathuthuka, izingxabano ziyancipha, futhi abafundi bafunda ukuhlonipha inkulumo yabanye.
4. Jwayela izingxoxo ezihlelekile kanye nezikhathi zemibuzo nezimpendulo
Izingxoxo zasekilasini zivame ukubuswa abafundi abambalwa kuphela abakhuthele. Ukuze wonke umuntu ahileleke, othisha bangasebenzisa amafomethi ezingxoxo ahlelekile, njengalawa:
– Cabanga–Babili–Yabelana: abafundi bazicabangela bona, baxoxe nabalingani babo, bese babelane ngemiphumela yabo nekilasi.
– Izingxoxo zamaqembu amancane: amaqembu abantu abangu-4–6 enza abafundi abanamahloni bakhululeke kakhudlwana.
– Phenduka ukhulume: ilungu ngalinye kumele lidlulise umqondo owodwa, noma ngabe umfushane.
Le ndlela iyasebenza ngoba inikeza abafundi isikhathi sokulungiselela amagama abo, kunokuba “baphonswe” ngokushesha engxoxweni enkulu necindezelayo.
5. Thuthukisa amakhono okwethula kancane kancane
Izethulo ziyindlela yokuxhumana edingeka kakhulu, kodwa futhi zicindezela kakhulu kubafundi abaningi. Isixazululo ukuzijwayeza kancane kancane. Isibonelo, abafundi bangase baqale ngezethulo ezimfushane, zomzuzu owodwa, bese zanda zibe yimizuzu emi-3-5. Izethulo zingasekelwa ezihlokweni eziphathelene nokuphila kwabo, njengezinto abazithandayo, okuhlangenwe nakho, noma izindaba ezimfushane.
Othisha banganikeza iziqondiso eziyisisekelo zokwethula: ukuvula, umzimba, kanye nokuvala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kuqalwe izivivinyo zokubiza amagama, ukukhuluma, kanye nolimi lomzimba (ukuxhumana ngamehlo, ukushukuma komzimba). Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuhlolwa kokwethula kufanele kugxile entuthukweni, hhayi emaphutheni kuphela.
6. Thuthukisa ulwazimagama kanye namakhono okwakha imisho
Abafundi abanenkinga yokukhulumisana bavame ukuba nenkinga hhayi ngoba bentula imibono, kodwa ngoba abazi ukuthi bangayidlulisela kanjani. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ulwazimagama lwakho kubalulekile. Izikole zingakhuthaza ukufunda, ukubhala amajenali, noma izivivinyo zokubhala ezimfushane. Othisha banganikeza nezinsizakalo zemisho ezifana nalezi:
- "Ngokusho kwami..."
– “Ngiyavuma ngoba…”
– “Angivumelani, isizathu siwukuthi…”
– “Ngingangeza…?”
Le misho isiza abafundi ukwakha isakhiwo sokuxhumana esicacile nesihloniphekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abafundi bazokuthola kulula ukuthuthukisa imibono yabo ngamazwi abo.
7. Fundisa ukuziphatha okuhle kokuxhumana kanye nozwela
Ukuxhumana akukhona nje ukudlulisa umyalezo, kodwa futhi nokuhlonipha imizwa nemibono yabanye. Abafundi kudingeka bafunde ukuziphatha okuyisisekelo: ukukhuluma ngenhlonipho, ukungabusi, ukungasabalalisi inhlebo, nokukwazi ukuveza ukugxeka ngendlela enenhlonipho. Uzwela lungafakwa nangokudlala indima, isibonelo, indlela yokwenqaba isimemo somngane ngaphandle kokumlimaza, noma indlela yokunikeza impendulo kumngane owenze iphutha.
Ngokuziphatha okuhle kanye nozwela, ukuxhumana kwabafundi kuyavuthwa kakhulu, kuvimbele izingxabano, futhi kwakhiwe isiko lokuhloniphana.
8. Sebenzisa amathuba emisebenzi yangaphandle kanye namaphrojekthi okubambisana
Amakhono okuxhumana athuthuka ngokushesha uma abafundi behileleka emisebenzini yangempela. Imisebenzi yangaphandle kwesikole efana nokuhlola, umkhandlu wabafundi (i-OSIS), impikiswano, ishashalazi, ubuntatheli, noma amaqembu olimi asebenza kahle kakhulu ekuqeqesheni abafundi ekukhulumeni, ekuxoxisaneni, ekwakheni izimpikiswano, nasekubambisaneni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi kuthuthukisa namakhono okuxhumana ngoba abafundi kumele bahlukanise imisebenzi, bayixoxe, futhi bethule umsebenzi wabo.
Okuhlangenwe nakho okuhlanganyelwe kufundisa abafundi ukuthi ukuxhumana kuyikhono eliwusizo nelidingekayo, hhayi nje indaba yesifundo.
9. Nikeza impendulo ecacile neyakhayo
Ukuze abafundi bathuthuke, badinga impendulo. Kodwa-ke, impendulo kumele inikezwe ngendlela eyakhayo. Othisha bangasebenzisa indlela ethi "ukudumisa-ukusikisela-ukudumisa": qala ngento eseyinhle kakade, bese unikeza iseluleko esiqondile, bese uphetha ngesikhuthazo. Isibonelo, "Incazelo yakho icacile; vele ulungise ivolumu yakho ukuze ikilasi elingemuva kwakho likuzwe. Sekukonke, unesibindi, futhi lokho kuhle."
Impendulo ethile isiza abafundi ukuthi bazi ukuthi yini okudingeka ithuthukiswe ngaphandle kokuzizwa begxekwa mathupha.
10. Ukubandakanya indima yabazali ekhaya
Ukuqeqeshwa kokuxhumana akupheli esikoleni. Abazali bangasiza ngokukhuthaza izingane zabo ukuba zixoxe izindaba, zixoxe ngezinto, futhi ziveze imibono yazo ekhaya. Isibonelo, cela ingane yakho ukuthi ichaze imisebenzi yesikole yosuku, ixoxe ngezindaba ezilula, noma izibandakanye ezinqumweni zomndeni ezifanele ubudala. Le mikhuba iqeqesha izingane ukuhlela imicabango yazo nokuveza imibono yazo ngomlomo ngokushelelayo.
I-Penutup
Ukuthuthukisa amakhono okuxhumana abafundi kuyinqubo edinga ukuzijwayeza, ukwesekwa, kanye nendawo efanele. Ngokusungula isimo sekilasi esiphephile, ukuzijwayeza ukulalela okusebenzayo, ukukhuthaza izingxoxo ezihlelekile, ukuzijwayeza izethulo ezihleliwe, ukuthuthukisa isilulumagama, ukufundisa ukuziphatha okuhle kanye nozwela, kanye nokunikeza amathuba okuzijwayeza ngemisebenzi yokubambisana, abafundi bazothuthuka babe abaxhumanisi abazethembayo nabaphumelelayo. Lawa makhono azoba abalulekile empumelelweni yabo yesikhathi esizayo kwezemfundo, ekuxhumaneni nabantu, kanye nasemsebenzini.
