Indlela Yokukhetha Isu Lokufunda Elifanele
Ukukhetha amasu okufunda afanele kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufunda okuphumelelayo, okujabulisayo, nokuqondiswe kukho. Amasu okufunda awawona nje "izindlela zokufundisa," kodwa kunalokho ayizindlela ezihleliwe zokusiza abafundi ukufeza izinhloso zokufunda ngezindlela ezihlelekile, imisebenzi, abezindaba, kanye nokuhlola. Ngenxa yokuthi ikilasi ngalinye linezici ezihlukile—kusukela eminyakeni, amakhono okuqala, isisusa, kuya kumongo wezenhlalo—amasu asebenzayo kwesinye isimo angase angafaneleki kwesinye. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela yokukhetha amasu okufunda afanele, kusukela ekuqondeni izinhloso, ukuhlonza abafundi, kuya ekuhloleni ukusebenza kahle kwamasu asetshenzisiwe.
1. Qonda kahle izinhloso zokufunda
Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwakha izinhloso zokufunda ezithile nezilinganisekayo. Izinhloso ezingacacile zizokwenza isu libe "ukuzama nokwenza amaphutha" futhi kube nzima ukulihlola. Sebenzisa izinhloso ezicacile, isibonelo: "Abafundi bazokwazi ukuchaza inqubo ye-photosynthesis futhi bakhe ishadi lokugeleza" noma "Abafundi bazokwazi ukuxazulula izinkinga ze-SPLDV besebenzisa izindlela zokususa nokufaka esikhundleni."
Izinhloso zokufunda kufanele futhi zihlanganise izinhlangothi eziningana: ulwazi (lokuqonda), amakhono (ukusebenza kwengqondo), kanye nesimo sengqondo (sokuzwela). Uma umgomo ugxile kakhulu kumakhono, amasu anjengokuzijwayeza, imiboniso, amaphrojekthi, noma ukulingisa ngokuvamile afaneleka kakhulu. Uma umgomo uwukwakha ukuqonda okunengqondo, izingxoxo eziqondiswayo, ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni, noma ukufunda okusekelwe ekubuzeni kungaba ngcono.
2. Hlaziya izici zomfundi
Abafundi bayisizinda sokufunda. Amasu afanele kufanele acabangele:
– Ubudala kanye nesigaba sokukhula: Ubuntwana buvame ukudinga imisebenzi eqondile, imidlalo yemfundo, kanye nokufunda okuhlangenwe nakho. Okwamanje, intsha kanye nabantu abadala bangabandakanyeka ezingxoxweni ezibucayi, kumaphrojekthi ayinkimbinkimbi, noma ocwaningweni olulula.
– Amakhono okuqala kanye nokulungela ukufunda: Uma amakhono okuqala ehluka, amasu okuhlukanisa, ukufunda ngokubambisana, noma ukufunda okusekelwe kumamojula kungasiza ekubhekaneni nomehluko.
– Izitayela zokufunda kanye nezintandokazi: Akubona bonke abafundi abakhululekile ngezinkulumo zodwa. Shintsha amasu akho ngemisebenzi ebonakalayo, elalelwayo, ehlanganisa umzimba, kanye neyokubambisana.
– Ugqozi kanye nentshisekelo: Amasu ahlobene nezinto ezibonakalayo nokuphila kwangempela, izinto zokuzilibazisa, noma izinkinga eziseduze nabafundi avame ukwandisa ukuzibandakanya.
Ngokuqonda izici zabafundi, othisha banganquma ukuthi ukufunda kudinga ukuhlelwa kakhudlwana, kube nezimo eziguquguqukayo, kube wusizo kakhudlwana, noma kube nokubambisana kakhudlwana.
3. Lungisa isu ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinga lobunzima
Izinto zokufunda ziyahlukahluka ngokwemvelo. Isibonelo, izinto zenqubo (indlela yokwenza okuthile) zifundiswa kangcono ngemiboniso, izivivinyo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, kanye nempendulo eqondile. Izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi zomqondo zidinga amasu asiza abafundi ukwakha ukuqonda, njengemephu yomqondo, izingxoxo, izifaniso, noma ukufunda okusekelwe ezinkingeni.
Ngolwazi oludinga ukucabanga okuphezulu, amasu afana nokufunda okusekelwe enkingeni (PBL), ukufunda okusekelwe kumaphrojekthi (PjBL), noma uphenyo kungakhuthaza ukuhlaziywa, ukuhlanganiswa, kanye nokuhlola. Kodwa-ke, uma ulwazi luseyisisekelo futhi abafundi bengakabi nesisekelo esiqinile, amasu avulekile kakhulu angabadida. Kulezi zimo, ukufundiswa okuqondile noma amamodeli okufunda acacile kungaba yindawo enhle yokuqala ngaphambi kokuqhubekela emasu adinga ukuzimela okwengeziwe.
4. Cabanga ngezimo zekilasi kanye nendawo yokufunda
Ukufunda akwenzeki endaweni engenamuntu. Amasu akhethiwe kumele abe ngokoqobo esimweni samanje, njengalawa:
– Inani labafundi: Amakilasi amakhulu angase abe nzima kakhulu ezingxoxweni ezijulile, kodwa angaxazululwa ngomsebenzi wamaqembu amancane, amasu “okucabangelana-ababili-abelana”, noma ukusebenzisa amaphepha okusebenzela ahlelekile.
– Isikhathi Esitholakalayo: Amasu ephrojekthi adinga isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinkulumo noma izivivinyo zokuzijwayeza. Uma isikhathi silinganiselwe, hlukanisa iphrojekthi ibe yizabelo ezincane noma usebenzise ukufunda okuxubile ukuze uvumele eminye imisebenzi yenzeke ngaphandle kwekilasi.
– Izinsiza kanye nobuchwepheshe: Uma amadivayisi edijithali etholakala, ukufunda kungathuthukiswa ngamavidiyo, imibuzo eku-inthanethi, ukulingisa, noma amapulatifomu okubambisana. Uma izinsiza zilinganiselwe, amasu angasetshenziswa kusetshenziswa imidiya elula njengamakhadi omqondo, amaphosta, noma izinto ezenziwe ekhaya.
– Isiko lesikole kanye nokusekelwa kwabazali: Amanye amasu, njengemisebenzi yasekhaya noma ukufunda okusekelwe ocwaningweni, adinga ukwesekwa kwemvelo. Qinisekisa ukuthi ukuxhumana kanye nokulindela kucacile.
Isu elihle kakhulu kwethiyori ngeke libe ngcono uma lingahambisani nomongo wangempela wekilasi.
5. Ukukhetha indlela: egxile kuthisha noma egxile kumfundi?
Ayikho isu elingcono kakhulu. Okubalulekile ukufaneleka. Ngokuvamile, amasu angawela ohlakeni oluhlukahlukene:
– Okugxile kuthisha: izinkulumo ezisebenzisanayo, imiboniso, iziyalezo eziqondile. Kufanelekela imiqondo yokwethula, amakilasi esikhashana, noma abafundi abadinga isakhiwo esiqinile.
– Okugxile kubafundi: ingxoxo, uphenyo, i-PBL, i-PjBL, ukubambisana. Kufanelekela ukuzijwayeza ukucabanga okujulile, ukuxhumana, kanye nokuzimela.
Amasu amahle avame ukuhlanganisa lokhu kokubili. Othisha bangaqala ngemiyalelo emifushane yokwakha isisekelo, bese bedlulela emisebenzini yabafundi ukuze bajulise ukuqonda.
6. Nquma izindlela, abezindaba, kanye nemisebenzi esekelayo
Amasu okufunda azosebenza kangcono uma esekelwa izindlela ezifanele kanye nemidiya. Isibonelo:
- Ukuze kufundwe ngokubambisana, lungiselela imithetho yomsebenzi weqembu, izabelo zendima, kanye namarubriki okuhlola.
- Ukuze ufunde ngokusekelwe ezinkingeni, lungiselela izifundo zangempela kanye neziqondiso zesisombululo zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo.
– Ukuze ufunde ngokusekelwe kuphrojekthi, lungiselela umugqa wesikhathi, izinkomba zempumelelo, kanye nombiko olindelekile noma ifomethi yomkhiqizo.
Imidiya nayo idinga ukukhethwa ngokwenhloso. Uma ufuna abafundi baqonde inqubo, sebenzisa amashadi, izithombe ezinyakazayo, noma ukulingisa. Uma ufuna ukuzijwayeza amakhono okuxhumana, sebenzisa izethulo, izingxoxo, noma amaphosta esayensi.
7. Ukuhlola okuklama okuhambisana nesu
Ukuhlola akusiyo nje isivivinyo sokugcina. Kuyingxenye yesu. Uma kukhethwa iphrojekthi, ukuhlolwa kufanele kufake phakathi inqubo (ukuhlela, ukubambisana, ukubuyekeza) kanye nomkhiqizo wokugcina. Uma kusetshenziswa isu lokuxoxisana, amamaki okuhlanganyela angalinganiswa kusetshenziswa irubriki ecacile, hhayi nje ukuhlolwa okuzimele.
Sebenzisa inhlanganisela yalokhu:
– Ukuhlolwa kokuxilonga: ukuthola amakhono okuqala.
- Ukuhlola okwakhayo: imibuzo emifushane, amathikithi okuphuma, ukuzindla, imibuzo nezimpendulo.
- Ukuhlolwa okufingqiwe: izivivinyo, amaphrojekthi okugcina, amaphothifoliyo.
Ukuqondanisa imigomo, amasu, kanye nokuhlola kuzokwenza ukufunda kugxile kakhulu futhi kube nomthwalo wemfanelo.
8. Yenza ukuzindla kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo
Amasu okufunda afanele awatholakali ngobusuku obubodwa. Othisha kudingeka bacabange: ingabe abafundi bayabandakanyeka? Ingabe imigomo iyafezwa? Yiziphi izingxenye ezinzima kakhulu? Kuvelaphi ukudideka?
Qoqa impendulo evela kubafundi, bheka ukuguquguquka kwekilasi, bese uqopha imiphumela yokufunda. Ukusuka lapho, yenza intuthuko encane, eqhubekayo—isibonelo, ukucacisa imiyalelo, ukuthuthukisa izibonelo, ukushintsha ukwakheka kweqembu, noma ukulungisa ubude bomsebenzi. Amasu aphumelelayo avame ukuvela enkambisweni yokulinga, yokubuka, kanye nokuhluza.
I-Penutup
Ukukhetha amasu okufunda afanele kuqala ngezinhloso ezicacile, ukuhlaziya izici zabafundi, ukuqinisekisa ukufaneleka kwezinto ezifundwayo, nokucabangela umongo wekilasi. Isu elifanele akulona elesimanje noma elidumile kakhulu, kodwa yilelo elisiza abafundi kangcono ukufunda nokufeza amakhono aqondiwe. Ngokuhlela ngokucophelela, ukusetshenziswa kwemidiya efanele, ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo, kanye nokuzindla okuqhubekayo, othisha bangakha ukufunda okunenjongo, okuphumelelayo, nokujabulisayo kubo bonke abafundi.
