Izindlela Zokwelapha Izimbobo
Ama-cavity (ukubola kwamazinyo) angenye yezinkinga zempilo yomlomo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Nakuba zingase zibonakale zincane ekuqaleni, ama-cavity amancane angakhula abe yizimo ezibucayi kakhulu, okuholela ebuhlungwini, ekuthelelekeni, ngisho nasekulahlekelweni kwamazinyo uma kungelashwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi kunezindlela eziningi zokwelapha ama-cavity—kusukela ezindleleni zokuvimbela kanye nokwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuya ezinqubweni ezithuthukisiwe uma umonakalo usufinyelele emthanjeni wezinyo. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ama-cavity, ukuthi zidingeka nini, nokuthi zenziwa kanjani.
Qonda izimbangela nezigaba zemifantu
Izimbobo zenzeka lapho ungqimba oluqinile lwe-enamel yamazinyo luguguleka ngenxa yama-asidi akhiqizwa amagciwane avela ekudleni okunoshukela noma okunesitashi. Ukungahlanzeki komlomo okungekuhle kuholela ekuqongeleleni kwe-plaque kanye nomsebenzi owandayo wamagciwane. Inqubo yokubola ivame ukuqhubeka ngezigaba:
1. Ukususwa kwamaminerali kusenesikhathi: kuvela amabala amhlophe ku-enamel, ngokuvamile angabi buhlungu.
2. Ukubola kwe-enamel: izimbobo ezincane ziqala ukwakheka ongqimbeni olungaphandle lwezinyo.
3. Ukonakala kwe-Dentin: umonakalo ufinyelela ku-dentin (ungqimba olungaphansi kwe-enamel), ubuhlungu buqala ukuvela.
4. Ngokuphathelene ne-pulp (inzwa): izinyo liyazwela kakhulu futhi lingaba nobuhlungu obukhulu.
5. Ukutheleleka/ithumba: kwakheka isikhwama sobomvu esizungeze impande, ngokuvamile sihambisana nokuvuvukala.
Indlela yokwelapha inqunywa ukuthi imbobo ijule kangakanani nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini ukutheleleka kakade.
1. Ukuvuselelwa kwamaminerali: ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni ngaphandle kokugcwalisa
Uma umgodi usesesigabeni sokuqala (amabala amhlophe kanye nokususwa kwamaminerali), udokotela wamazinyo angancoma ukuvuselelwa kwamaminerali, okuwukubuyisela amaminerali ku-enamel ngaphambi kokuba umgodi ube unomphela.
Izindlela ezisetshenziswa njalo zifaka:
– Uxubha amazinyo ane-fluoride enamazinga afanele
– I-varnish ene-fluoride (isetshenziswa kakhulu emtholampilo nge-fluoride)
– Ijeli ye-fluoride noma isihlanzi somlomo njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho
– Thuthukisa ukudla kwakho, wehlise ukuvama kokudla ushukela, ukudla okunamathelayo kanye neziphuzo ezine-asidi.
Ukuvuselela amaminerali kuyasebenza uma kuqalwa kusenesikhathi futhi kuhambisana nokushintsha kwemikhuba. Kodwa-ke, uma sekuvele kukhona imigodi, ngokuvamile kudingeka ukugcwaliswa.
2. Ukugcwalisa amazinyo (ukulungiswa): ikhambi elivame kakhulu
Ukugcwalisa amazinyo kuyindlela evame kakhulu yokwelapha izimbobo. Umgomo ukususa izicubu zamazinyo ezonakele, ukuvimbela ukuqhubeka kokubola kwamazinyo, nokubuyisela isimo nokusebenza kwezinyo.
Izigaba ezijwayelekile zokuchibiyela
1. Udokotela uhlola ukujula kokuguga kwamazinyo, ngezinye izikhathi esebenzisa ama-x-ray.
2. Ukuhlanzwa kwezicubu zamazinyo ezithintekile yi-caries kwenziwa.
3. Indawo yakheka ngendlela yokuthi izinto ezihlanganisiwe zinamathele ngokuqinile.
4. Izinto zokugcwalisa zifakwa futhi zibunjwe ngendlela yokuthi zilingane nobuso bezinyo.
5. Kwenziwa ukulungiswa kokuluma ukuqinisekisa induduzo lapho kuhlafunwa.
Izinhlobo zezinto zokubopha
– Izinto zokugcwalisa ezihlanganisiwe (i-resin): ezinombala wezinyo, ezibukeka kahle, ezivamile kumazinyo angaphambili nangemuva.
– I-GIC (isamente se-ionomer yengilazi): ingakhipha i-fluoride, efaneleka ezimweni ezithile noma ezindaweni ezingasekeli imithwalo emikhulu yokuhlafuna.
– I-Amalgam: iqinile futhi ihlala isikhathi eside, kodwa ayibukeki kahle ngenxa yombala wayo wesiliva; ukusetshenziswa kwayo manje sekukhethwa kakhulu.
– Ukufakwa/ukufakwa: ukulungiswa okungaqondile (okwenziwa elabhorethri), ngokuvamile ngenxa yomonakalo omkhulu kodwa kungadingeki umqhele ogcwele okwamanje.
Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo kuncike endaweni yezinyo, ubukhulu bomgodi, imikhuba yokuhlafuna, kanye nezindleko.
3. Ukwelashwa kwezimpande zemisele: uma ukubola kwamazinyo kufinyelela emthanjeni
Uma umgodi usufinyelele entanyeni (inzwa), ukugcwalisa njalo akwanele. Kulesi simo, udokotela wamazinyo uvame ukuncoma ukwelashwa kwezimpande ukuze kusindiswe izinyo.
Izimpawu zokuthi kungadingeka umsele wezimpande
- Ubuhlungu obungapheli obuhlabayo
– Ukuzwela ukushisa/ukubanda okuthatha isikhathi eside ukunyamalala
- Ubuhlungu lapho uluma
– Ukuvuvukala kwezinsini noma “amathumba” amancane avela ezinsini
- Ukushintsha kombala wamazinyo
Inqubo emfushane yokwelashwa kwezimpande zezimpande
– Udokotela uvula indlela yokungena egumbini lokuphumula
- Izicubu zemizwa ezinegciwane ziyahlanzwa
– Izimpande zemisele ziyabunjwa futhi ziyahlanzwa
– Umsele ugcwele izinto ezikhethekile (gutta-percha) ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha.
– Amazinyo avame ukumbozwa ngezithako noma imiqhele ehlala njalo ukuze aqine.
Lokhu kwelashwa kuzwakala kusabisa, kodwa nge-anesthesia yesimanje, inqubo ingenziwa ngokunethezeka.
4. Imiqhele yamazinyo (imiqhele): ivikela amazinyo abuthakathaka
Amazinyo anezimbobo ezinkulu noma lawo aseke adlula emiseleni yezimpande avame ukuba buthakathaka. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuqhekeka noma ukuphuka, odokotela bavame ukuncoma imiqhele yamazinyo.
Umqhele usebenza njenge-"helmet" emboza lonke ubuso bezinyo, ibuyisela isimo namandla alo. Izinhlobo zemiqhele zifaka:
– I-Porcelain/i-ceramic: ibukeka ingokwemvelo, ifanele amazinyo angaphambili
– I-Zirconia: inamandla kakhulu futhi inobuhle, ithandwa kakhulu ngamazinyo angemuva nangaphambili
– PFM (i-porcelain ehlanganiswe nensimbi): inhlanganisela eqinile nenhle kakhulu
– Insimbi: inamandla kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuma-molars athile
Ukubekwa komqhele kuvame ukudinga ukuvakashelwa okubili: ukulungiswa kwamazinyo nokuthathwa kwesithombe, bese kubekwa umqhele ohlala njalo.
5. Ukukhishwa kwezinyo: uma izinyo lingakwazi ukusindiswa
Akuzona zonke izimbobo ezingasindiswa. Uma umonakalo umkhulu kakhulu—isibonelo, umqhele usugugile, impande iphukile, noma kukhona izifo eziphindaphindayo—udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuthi kukhishwe.
Ngemva kokukhipha izinyo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukufaka izinyo esikhundleni salo ukuze kulondolozwe ukusebenza kahle kokuhlafuna kanye nokuqondana kwezinyo. Izinketho zokufaka izinyo esikhundleni salo zifaka:
- Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo
- Ibhuloho lamazinyo
– Amazinyo okufakelwa asuswayo (amazinyo okufakelwa)
Ukushiya isikhala isikhathi eside kakhulu kungaholela ekushintsheni kwamazinyo aseduze, izinkinga zokulunywa, kanye nezinkinga zamalunga omhlathi.
6. Ukwelashwa kwamathumba kanye nezifo
Uma umgodi ubanga ithumba (ukutheleleka okubangelwa ubovu), ukwelashwa okuyinhloko kuvame ukufaka:
– Ukususwa komthombo wokutheleleka (umsele wezimpande noma ukukhishwa)
– Ukukhipha amanzi uma kudingeka
- Umuthi wokuqeda ubuhlungu
– Ama-antibiotic kuphela uma kunezinkomba, isibonelo ukusabalala kokuvuvukala, umkhuhlane, noma ezinye izimo zomzimba (ama-antibiotic awathathi indawo yokunakekelwa kwamazinyo)
Ukutheleleka kwamazinyo akufanele kuthathwe kalula ngoba kungasakazekela ezicutshini ezizungezile.
7. Ukuvimbela: izinyathelo ezinhle kakhulu ngemva kokwelashwa
Noma iyiphi indlela yokwelapha izosebenza kangcono uma ihambisana nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphindaphinda kwezimbobo. Eminye imikhuba enconywayo ihlanganisa:
– Hlanza amazinyo akho kabili ngosuku nge-toothpaste ene-fluoride
- Sebenzisa i-dental floss ukuhlanza phakathi kwamazinyo akho
– Nciphisa ukuvama kokudla okulula okumnandi, ikakhulukazi ukudla okunamathelayo.
– Phuza amanzi ngemva kokudla uma ungenaso isikhathi sokuxubha amazinyo akho.
- Hlola udokotela wamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha
– Cabanga ngesivalo semifantu ezinganeni ukuze uvikele amazinyo ajulile
Isiphetho
Izindlela zokwelapha izimbobo zincike kakhulu esigabeni sokubola. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanye ne-fluoride kungasiza ekulungiseni i-enamel. Uma umgodi usuvele wakhekile, ukugcwalisa yisisombululo esiyinhloko. Lapho ukubola kufinyelela emthanjeni, ukwelashwa komsele wezimpande kanye nomqhele kuvame ukudingeka ukuze kusindiswe izinyo. Ezimweni ezingasalungiseki, ukukhishwa nokushintshwa kwamazinyo kuyizinketho eziphephile kakhulu. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lapho umgodi usheshe welashwa, inqubo iba lula, izindleko ziyancipha, futhi imiphumela yesikhathi eside iba ngcono.
Uma ufisa, ngingahlela lesi sihloko ukuze sivumelane nezilaleli ezithile eziqondiwe (izingane zesikole, abazali, noma umphakathi jikelele), kanye nokufaka isihlokwana esithi “inganekwane vs. iqiniso” noma isigaba semibuzo evame ukubuzwa (FAQ).
