Izindlela Zokwelapha Izimbobo
Ama-cavity (ama-caries) angenye yezinkinga zempilo yamazinyo ezivame kakhulu ezinganeni nakubantu abadala. Ama-cavity angase abonakale emancane ekuqaleni, kodwa uma engalashwa, angakhula abe makhudlwana futhi abangele izimpawu ezifana nokuzwela, ubuhlungu, umoya onukayo, ngisho nokutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda izindlela zokwelapha i-cavity kubalulekile ukuvimbela umonakalo owengeziwe. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngezinketho ezahlukene zokwelapha, kusukela ezinqubweni ezilula kuya kweziyinkimbinkimbi, kanye nemikhuba engasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphinda kuvele.
Ukuqonda Izimbangela Nezigaba Zokubola Kwamazinyo
Izimbobo zenzeka lapho ungqimba oluqinile lwamazinyo (i-enamel) luguguleka ngama-asidi akhiqizwa amabhaktheriya avela ezinsaleleni zokudla, ikakhulukazi ushukela nama-carbohydrate alula. Uma umsebenzi wamagciwane uqhubeka, ukubola kungangena ku-enamel, kungene ku-dentin (ungqimba olungaphansi kwe-enamel), bese ekugcineni kufinyelele e-pulp (ingxenye engaphakathi yezinyo equkethe imizwa nemithambo yegazi). Lapho ukubola kujula, kulapho ukwelashwa kuba nzima khona.
Izigaba ezijwayelekile zokubola kwamazinyo zifaka: izilonda zokuqala (ukususwa kwamaminerali), ukubola kwamazinyo enamel, ukubola kwamazinyo, ukutheleleka kwe-pulp, kanye nethumba (ukuqongelela kobomvu) elizungeze impande yezinyo. Isigaba ngasinye sidinga indlela ehlukile yokwelapha.
1. Ukwelashwa Kokuvuselela Amaminerali Kwama-Caries Asencane
Uma umgodi ungakakhiwa futhi umonakalo useyichashazi elimhlophe noma indawo yokususwa kwamaminerali, ukwelashwa kungenziwa ngaphandle kokubhoboza. Udokotela wamazinyo wakho angase atuse:
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fluoride kobungcweti. I-fluoride isiza ukuqinisa i-enamel futhi ikhuthaza ukuvuselelwa kwamaminerali. Ingasetshenziswa njengejeli, i-varnish, noma ngesimo se-topical. Lokhu kwelashwa kuvame ukushesha futhi akubuhlungu.
I-toothpaste ene-fluoride kanye ne-mouthwash. Kwezinye izimo, iziguli zelulekwa ukusebenzisa amazinga aphezulu emikhiqizo ene-fluoride njengoba kuqondiswe udokotela wazo.
Thuthukisa ukudla kwakho. Ukunciphisa ukudla okumnandi noma okunamathelayo kaningi, kanye nokunciphisa iziphuzo ezine-carbonated kanye ne-acidic, kuzonciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-acid ngamagciwane.
Ukuvuselela amaminerali kusebenza kuphela uma umonakalo ungakakhi umgodi (umgodi wangempela). Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo kuyisihluthulelo sokutholwa kwamazinyo kusenesikhathi.
2. Ukugcwalisa Amazinyo Kwezimbobo Ezincane Kuya Eziphakathi
Uma sekuvele umgodi, indlela yokwelapha evame kakhulu ukugcwalisa amazinyo. Le nqubo ihlose ukususa izicubu zamazinyo ezonakele, ukuhlanza indawo ebolile, bese uyivala ngezinto zokugcwalisa ukuze kubuyiselwe ukusebenza nesimo sezinyo.
Ezinye izinto ezivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-patch zifaka:
Ukugcwalisa okuhlanganisiwe (i-resin). Umbala wazo ufana namazinyo emvelo, okwenza abe mnandi kakhulu. Zifanele amazinyo angaphambili nangemuva. Inhlanganisela inamathela ngokuqinile esakhiweni samazinyo ngemva kwenqubo yokubopha.
Ukugcwalisa i-Amalgam (yensimbi). Ihlala isikhathi eside futhi iqine ngokwanele ukumelana nemithwalo yokuhlafuna, kodwa umbala wayo wesiliva wenza ingajabulisi kangako. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Amalgam okwamanje kuyehla kwezinye izindawo ngenxa yokukhathazeka ngobuhle kanye nokukhetha kweziguli.
Isamente se-ionomer yengilazi (i-GIC). Le nto ikhipha i-fluoride, esiza ekuvimbeleni ukuphinda kuvele ama-caries. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni, noma ekugcwaliseni okwesikhashana, yize izinguqulo eziqinile ze-GIC sezitholakala manje.
Ngemva kokugcwalisa, udokotela uzohlola ukulunywa bese elungisa ubuso bokugcwalisa ukuze bungaphazamisi ukuhlafuna.
3. Ama-Inlays nama-Onlays Okulimala Okukhulu Kakhulu
Kumazinyo abolile kakhulu kodwa angadingi umqhele ogcwele, udokotela wamazinyo wakho angancoma ukufakwa kwe-inlay noma i-onlay. Kokubili ukulungiswa okungaqondile (okwenziwe elabhorethri noma kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe be-CAD/CAM) okube sekunamatheliswa ezinyoni.
Ama-inlays amboza ingaphakathi lendawo yokuhlafuna, kanti ama-onlays amboza i-cups eyodwa noma ngaphezulu yamazinyo. Izinzuzo zawo zifaka phakathi ukunemba namandla, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izinto zobumba noma ezihlanganisiwe zekhwalithi ephezulu.
4. Ukwelashwa Komsele Wezimpande Wokutheleleka Kwe-Pulp
Uma ukubola kwesikhumba sekufinyelele esikhumbeni, iziguli zivame ukuzwa ubuhlungu obungazelelwe, ukubhoboza okuqhubekayo, noma ubuhlungu lapho ziluma. Kulesi sigaba, ukugcwalisa njalo akwanele. Indlela evamile ukwelashwa komsele wezimpande, inqubo ehlanza izicubu ze-pulp ezinegciwane futhi ivale umsele wezimpande ukuze kuvinjelwe amagciwane ukuthi angaphinde angene.
Izinyathelo ezijwayelekile zokwelapha izimpande zihlanganisa:
1. Ukuhlolwa kanye ne-X-ray ukuze kubonwe ukujula kokutheleleka.
2. Ukuvula indlela yokungena emgudwini wezimpande.
3. Ukuhlanza nokubumba umsele wezimpande ngamathuluzi akhethekile.
4. Ukunisela ukuze kuncishiswe amagciwane.
5. Ukugcwaliswa komsele wezimpande (ukuvalwa) kanye nokuvalwa kwesikhashana/okuphakade.
Ngemva kokwelashwa komsele wezimpande, amazinyo avame ukudinga ukugcwaliswa okukhulu noma imiqhele ngoba isakhiwo samazinyo sibuthakathaka. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, izinyo elinomsele wezimpande lingagcinwa iminyaka eminingi.
5. Imiqhele Yamazinyo Yokuqinisa Amazinyo Abuthakathaka
Umqhele wamazinyo “uyisivikelo” esimboza lonke ubuso bezinyo ukuze kubuyiselwe isimo salo, ukusebenza kanye namandla alo. Imiqhele ivame ukudingeka uma:
- Ukubola kwamazinyo kukhulu kakhulu,
– Izinyo eliqhekekile,
- Ngemva kokwelashwa kwezimpande zezimpande,
– Izingcezu eziningi ezindala ziyaphuma noma azisanele.
Imiqhele ingenziwa ngensimbi, i-porcelain, noma inhlanganisela yakho kokubili. Imiqhele ye-ceramic noma ye-porcelain ivame ukuba mnandi kakhulu, kuyilapho imiqhele yensimbi yaziwa ngokuthi inamandla kakhulu emazinyweni angemuva.
6. Ukukhishwa Kwamazinyo Kwamacala Angasakwazi Ukulondolozwa
Kwezinye izimo, ukubola kwamazinyo kubi kakhulu kangangokuthi akukwazi ukusindiswa, njengokubola kwezimpande okukhulu, ukwakheka kwamazinyo okuncane kakhulu okusele, noma ukutheleleka okubi okuphindaphindiwe. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukukhishwa kwamazinyo.
Ngemva kokukhipha izinyo, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukufaka izinyo esikhundleni salo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kokuhlafuna kanye nokuqondana kwamazinyo akuphazamiseki. Izinketho zokufaka izinyo esikhundleni salo zifaka:
– Amazinyo okufakelwa asuswayo,
- Ibhuloho lamazinyo,
– Ukufakelwa kwamazinyo (uma izimo zamathambo zisekela).
Ukukhetha indlela yokufaka esikhundleni kuvame ukulungiswa ngokwezidingo, impilo yomlomo, kanye nezindleko.
7. Ukwelashwa Okwengeziwe: Ukulawula Ubuhlungu Nokutheleleka
Uma kunezimbobo ezihambisana nokuvuvukala noma ithumba, udokotela kungadingeka enze izinqubo ezengeziwe, njengokukhipha amanzi ethumba. Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu inganikezwa ukusiza isiguli sizizwe sikhululekile kakhudlwana. Ama-antibiotic anikezwa kuphela uma kunezimpawu zokutheleleka okusabalalayo, umkhuhlane, noma ukuvuvukala okukhulu—hhayi njengokufaka esikhundleni sokunakekelwa kwamazinyo.
Imikhuba Yokuvimbela Ukubola Kwamazinyo
Ukwelashwa kwemifantu kuzosebenza kangcono uma kuhambisana nokuvimbela okuqhubekayo. Eminye imikhuba ebalulekile ihlanganisa:
– Hlanza amazinyo akho okungenani kabili ngosuku nge-toothpaste ene-fluoride.
– Sebenzisa i-dental floss ukuhlanza phakathi kwamazinyo akho.
– Nciphisa ukuvama kokudla okulula okumnandi, ikakhulukazi okunamathelayo.
– Phuza amanzi ngemva kokudla ukuze usize ekukhipheni izinsalela zokudla.
– Buza udokotela wamazinyo wakho njalo ezinyangeni ezi-6 noma njengoba kunconywa.
– Cabangela izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezifana nezivalo zokuvala izikhala ezinganeni noma kubantu abadala abasengozini enkulu yokubola kwamazinyo.
Isiphetho
Izindlela zokwelapha imingxunya zincike kakhulu ebangeni lomonakalo. Ezigabeni zokuqala, ukuvuselelwa kabusha kanye ne-fluoride kungasiza ekumiseni inqubo yokubola. Kuma-cavity asevele ekhona, ukugcwalisa kuyindlela eyinhloko, kuyilapho ukubola okukhulu kudinga ukufakwa/ukufakwa noma umqhele. Uma ukutheleleka kufinyelela emthanjeni, ukwelashwa komsele wezimpande kuyisisombululo sokusindisa izinyo. Ezimweni lapho lokhu kungasakwazi khona, ukukhishwa nokushintshwa kwamazinyo kungaba yisinyathelo sokugcina. Ngokuhlolwa njalo kanye nokuhlanzeka komlomo okuhle, ama-cavity angavinjelwa futhi imiphumela yokwelashwa ingahlala isikhathi eside.
Uma ufisa, ngingahlela lesi sihloko ukuze sihambisane nezilaleli ezithile eziqondiwe (isib., izingane zesikole, abazali, noma izihloko zezempilo ezidumile) noma ngengeze uhlu lwezifundo kanye nesakhiwo sezihlokwana.
