Izindlela Zokuvimbela Ukubola Kwamazinyo Ezinganeni
Ama-cavity (ama-caries) ezinganeni angenye yezinkinga zempilo ezivame kakhulu, kodwa futhi aphakathi kwezingavinjelwa kakhulu. Ama-cavity ayenzeka lapho i-plaque—ungqimba olunamathelayo oluqukethe amabhaktheriya—ikhula phezu kwamazinyo. Amabhaktheriya aphula ushukela ekudleni naseziphuzweni, akhiqize ama-acid aqeda kancane kancane i-enamel yamazinyo. Uma ingelashwa, ama-cavity amancane angakhula, abangele ubuhlungu nokutheleleka, futhi aphazamise ukudla, ukulala, kanye nokugxilisa ingqondo kwengane. Ngakho-ke, abazali kudingeka baqonde ukuthi bangazivimbela kanjani izimbobo zisencane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi impilo yomlomo yengane yabo ihlala iphilile kuze kube yilapho isikhulile.
1. Qala ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo ngokushesha nje lapho izinyo lokuqala likhula.
Ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwamazinyo kuqala ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ingane ibe namazinyo amaningi. Lapho izinyo lokuqala liphuma (ngokuvamile phakathi kwezinyanga eziyi-6 neziyi-10 ubudala), abazali bangalihlanza ngephedi elithambile le-gauze elimanziswe ngamanzi noma ibhulashi lamazinyo lengane elithambile. Umgomo uwukususa izinsalela zobisi nokunciphisa ukwakheka kwe-plaque kusenesikhathi. Lo mkhuba usiza futhi izingane ukuba zijwayele inqubo yokunakekelwa komlomo evamile.
Njengoba ingane yakho iqala ukukhula amazinyo amaningi, sebenzisa ibhulashi lamazinyo elincane elibamba kahle. Qiniseka ukuthi uxubha okungenani kabili ngosuku: ekuseni ngemva kokudla kwasekuseni kanye nasebusuku ngaphambi kokulala. Ukuxubha ngaphambi kokulala kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kuncipha ngesikhathi sokulala, okuvumela amagciwane ukuba akhule kalula.
2. Sebenzisa umuthi wokuxubha one-fluoride ngokweminyaka
I-Fluoride iyiminerali esiza ukuqinisa i-enamel yamazinyo futhi yenze imelane kakhulu nokuhlaselwa yi-asidi. Ukusebenzisa i-toothpaste ene-fluoride kuye kwabonakala kusebenza kahle ekuvimbeleni ukubola kwamazinyo ezinganeni, kodwa inani elisetshenziswayo kumele lihambisane neminyaka ukuze liphephe.
– Iminyaka engaphansi kwemi-3: sebenzisa i-smear encane (ecishe ibe usayizi welayisi) ye-toothpaste ene-fluoride.
– Iminyaka engu-3–6: sebenzisa inani elilingana nobhontshisi, bese uliqapha ukuze ugweme ukugwinya.
– Iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-6: izingane zingaqala ukuxubha amazinyo azo ngokuzimela, kodwa inqubo yazo isadinga ukugadwa.
Fundisa izingane ukukhafula umuthi wokuxubha amazinyo ngemva kokuxubha, kunokuba uwugwinye. Hlanza kancane; okuningi kakhulu kunganciphisa izinzuzo ze-fluoride ehlala emazinyweni.
3. Amasu okuxubha amazinyo afanele futhi ajabulisayo
Izingane eziningi zixubha amazinyo azo “ukuze zixubhe,” kodwa inqubo ibalulekile. Abazali kufanele basize noma baqondise ingane yabo kuze kube yilapho isikwazi ngempela ukuxubha amazinyo ngendlela efanele (ngokuvamile eneminyaka engu-7-8, kuye ngamakhono okunyakaza kwengane).
Amanye amathiphu abalulekile:
– Hlanza zonke izindawo zamazinyo: ngaphambili, ngemuva kanye nezindawo zokuhlafuna.
– Hlanza ngezinyathelo ezincane ezijikelezayo noma eziya phambili nangemuva, ungahlikihli kakhulu.
– Isikhathi esifanele cishe imizuzu emi-2.
– Sebenzisa isibali sikhathi, ingoma, noma uhlelo lokusebenza ukuze ugcine ingane yakho ikhuthazekile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushintsha ibhulashi lakho lamazinyo njalo ezinyangeni ezi-3 noma lapho amabhulashi eqala ukuqhekeka nakho kubalulekile ngoba ibhulashi eligugile alisebenzi kahle ekususeni i-plaque.
4. Hlanza phakathi kwamazinyo nge-dental floss
Amazinyo ahlanganiswe eduze abamba imfucumfucu yokudla phakathi kwawo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi ibhulashi lamazinyo lifinyelele kuwo. Ngakho-ke, ukuxubha nge-floss kungaqala lapho amazinyo engane eqala ukuthintana (ngokuvamile eneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, noma kuye ngesimo samazinyo). Abazali bangasebenzisa i-floss yezingane noma i-floss pick ukuze kube lula lokhu.
Ukuhlikihla amazinyo kwanele kanye ngosuku, okungcono kakhulu ebusuku. Lo mkhuba uvame ukunganakwa, yize izimbobo phakathi kwamazinyo ziphakathi kwezinto okunzima ukuzibona futhi ezingakhula zingabonwa.
5. Lawula ukudla kwakho: nciphisa ushukela kanye nokudla okulula.
Izimbobo azithonywa nje kuphela ukuthi udla ushukela ongakanani, kodwa nokuthi amazinyo akho avame kangakanani ukuchayeka kuwo. Ukudla ukudla okumnandi noma iziphuzo njalo kubangela ukuthi amagciwane akhiqize i-asidi njalo usuku lonke.
Izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ezingathathwa:
– Nciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaswidi, ushokoledi, amabhisikidi amnandi namakhekhe ngezikhathi ezithile, hhayi nsuku zonke.
– Gwema iziphuzo ezinoshukela ezifana ne-soda, itiye elimnandi, iziphuzo ezipakishiwe, kanye namajusi apakishiwe anoshukela omningi.
– Khetha ukudla okulula okunempilo: izithelo ezisikiwe, ushizi, iyogathi ngaphandle koshukela owengeziwe, amantongomane (afanele iminyaka), noma imifino.
– Yenza ingane yakho ijwayele ukuphuza amanzi ngemva kokudla noma ukudla okulula ukuze ikhiphe izinsalela zokudla.
Uma ingane yakho idla ukudla okumnandi, kungcono ukuyinika ngezikhathi zokudla okuyinhloko kunokuba uyinike phakathi kokudla, ngoba ukukhiqizwa kwamathe kuyanda ngesikhathi sokudla futhi kusiza ekunciphiseni ama-asidi.
6. Gwema umkhuba wokulala nebhodlela lobisi
Esinye sezimbangela ezivamile zokubola kwesikhumba kwasebuntwaneni ezinganeni ezincane umkhuba wokulala nebhodlela. Ngesikhathi ingane ilele, ubisi lungahlangana luzungeze amazinyo, ikakhulukazi amazinyo angaphambili angaphezulu. Ushukela wemvelo obisini (i-lactose) usengaphakela amagciwane. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi ukubola kwesikhumba kwasebuntwaneni noma "ukubola kwesikhumba kwasebhodleleni."
Isixazululo esiphakanyisiwe:
– Gwema ukunikeza ubisi ebhodleleni ngaphambi kokulala ngaphandle kokuhlanza amazinyo ngemva kwalokho.
– Uma ingane yakho idinga isiphuzo ngaphambi kokulala, zama ukuqeda kusenesikhathi bese uqhubeka nokuxubha amazinyo ayo.
– Jwayela ukushintsha kusuka ebhodleleni uye enkomishini njengoba kunconywe udokotela wezingane/udokotela wamazinyo.
7. Ukuhlolwa njalo nodokotela wamazinyo kusukela esemncane
Abazali abaningi balinda kuze kube yilapho ingane yabo ikhala ngobuhlungu bamazinyo ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela wamazinyo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa njalo kuyindlela engcono kakhulu yokuvimbela ukubola okuqhubekayo. Ngokuvamile, izingane zelulekwa ukuthi ziqale ukubona udokotela wamazinyo lapho izinyo lazo lokuqala liqhuma, noma okungenani lapho zineminyaka engu-1, bese kuba njalo ezinyangeni eziyisithupha.
Izinzuzo zokuhlolwa okuvamile:
– Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kwezimbobo ezincane noma izimpawu zokuphelelwa ngamanzi (amazinyo aqala ukuphuka).
– Imfundo ngokuxubha amazinyo ngendlela efanele ngokweminyaka.
– Ukuqapha ukukhula kwamazinyo nemihlathi.
– Ukubonisana ngokudla kanye nemikhuba (isib. ukuncela isithupha).
8. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-fluoride yobungcweti kanye ne-fissure sealant
Ngaphezu komuthi wokuxubha amazinyo, odokotela bamazinyo bangakunikeza i-fluoride efakwe emazinyweni (isb., i-varnish) ukuze kuvikelwe kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezisengozini enkulu yokubola kwamazinyo. Le nqubo iyashesha futhi ayibuhlungu.
Udokotela wakho wamazinyo angase futhi ancome i-fissure sealant, ungqimba oluvikelayo olusetshenziswa ezindaweni zokuhlafuna ze-molar ezinemifantu ejulile. Lezi zimfantu zivame ukuba umthombo wemfucumfucu yokudla futhi kunzima ukuzihlanza. Izimfantu zisiza ekuvimbeleni amagciwane ukuthi angangeni futhi abangele ukubola kwamazinyo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuqhuma kwe-molar yokuqala ehlala njalo (cishe eminyakeni engu-6-7 ubudala) kanye nokuqhuma kwe-molar ehlala njalo (cishe eminyakeni engu-12 ubudala).
9. Ukwakha imikhuba nezibonelo ezivela kubazali
Ukuvimbela ukubola kwamazinyo ezinganeni akuhlukaniseki nemikhuba yomndeni. Izingane zivame ukulingisa ukuziphatha kwabazali bazo. Uma abazali bexubha amazinyo abo njalo, bekhetha ukudla okunempilo, futhi bebeka phambili ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo, izingane zizokubona lokhu njengengxenye evamile yokuphila.
Amanye amasu asiza:
– Hlanza amazinyo akho nengane yakho ukuze kube mnandi.
– Dumisa ukungaguquguquki, hhayi imiphumela kuphela.
– Dala isimiso esifanayo nsuku zonke (ekuseni nasebusuku).
- Gwema ukwenza uswidi ube ngumvuzo oyinhloko; faka umsebenzi ojabulisayo noma izitika esikhundleni sawo.
Isiphetho
Ukuvimbela ukuvaleka kwamazinyo ezinganeni kudinga inhlanganisela yokunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwansuku zonke, ukulungiswa kokudla, kanye nokuhlolwa kwamazinyo njalo. Isihluthulelo ukuqala kusenesikhathi—ngisho nje lapho kuvela izinyo lokuqala—ukusebenzisa amazinyo okuxubha afanele ubudala, ukuxubha ngendlela efanele, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka kushukela, ukugwema ukuncelisa ibhodlela, nokusebenzisa isivikelo esengeziwe njenge-fluoride yobungcweti kanye ne-fissure sealants uma kudingeka. Ngemikhuba eqhubekayo kanye nokusekelwa komndeni, izingane zingakhula zinamazinyo anempilo, aqinile futhi zingabi nobuhlungu bokubola.
