Izinhlobo Zokulalisa Ekwelashweni Kwamazinyo
Abantu abaningi bayalibazisa noma bagweme ngisho nokunakekelwa kwamazinyo ngenxa yokwesaba, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhathazeka ngobuhlungu. Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuvamile kubalulekile ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu ezifana nokutheleleka, ukujula kwemigodi, kanye nesifo sezinsini. Isixazululo esisodwa esivame ukusetshenziswa ukusiza iziguli zizizwe zikhululekile ukudambisa. Ukudambisa ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo kuhlose ukunciphisa amazinga okukhathazeka, ukwenza iziguli zikhululeke kakhudlwana, futhi ezimweni ezithile, kusize odokotela bamazinyo benze izinqubo ngempumelelo kakhudlwana. Ukudambisa kuhlukile ekubulaweni kwamazinyo kwendawo; izidambisi-zinhlungu zendawo ziqeda indawo ethile, kuyilapho ukudambisa kusebenza ukuzola isiguli ngokuvamile futhi kungathinta ukuqonda, kuye ngohlobo.
Kuyini ukudambisa ubuhlungu ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo?
Ukudambisa ubuhlungu kuyindlela yokunikeza imithi ethile ukusiza iziguli ziphumule ngesikhathi sokuhlinzwa kwamazinyo. Izinga lokudambisa ubuhlungu lingahluka kusukela kokuncane kuya kokujulile. Ngokudambisa ubuhlungu okuncane, iziguli zihlala ziphapheme ngokuphelele futhi zingaphendula imiyalelo kadokotela. Ngokudambisa ubuhlungu okulinganiselwe, iziguli zisasabela kodwa zivame ukozela futhi zingase zingakhumbuli imininingwane yenqubo. Ukudambisa ubuhlungu okujulile kungashiya iziguli zingaphapheme, kuyilapho i-anesthesia ejwayelekile izibeka ebuthongweni futhi zingaphapheme ngokuphelele.
Ukwelapha ubuhlungu ngokuvamile kukhethwa iziguli ezesaba odokotela bamazinyo, ukuzizwa zikhululekile ngokweqile, ubunzima bokuhlala zithule isikhathi eside, noma ezidinga izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi njengokukhipha izinyo lokuhlakanipha, ukwelashwa kwemisele ende, noma izinqubo ezincane zokuhlinzwa emlonyeni.
Izinhlobo zokupholisa ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo
Ngokuvamile, ukudambisa ubuhlungu ekunakekelweni kwamazinyo kungahlukaniswa ngendlela yokuphatha kanye nokujula kwemiphumela yako. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo yizona ezivame ukusetshenziswa.
1. Ukupholisa okuncane (ukupholisa okuncane)
Ukupholisa okuncane kuyindlela elula kakhulu yokupholisa. Isiguli sihlala siqaphile, sikwazi ukuxhumana, futhi sikwazi ukulandela imiyalelo kadokotela wamazinyo, kodwa sizizwa sikhululekile futhi singakhathazeki kakhulu. Ukupholisa okuncane kufanelekile ezinqubweni ezilula njengokuhlanza amazinyo ezigulini ezikhathazekile kakhulu, ukugcwalisa amazinyo, noma ezinye izinqubo ezimfushane.
Ukwelapha okuncane kakhulu kunganikezwa ngesimo sephilisi noma segesi (isb., i-nitrous oxide). Imiphumela ivame ukuba yesikhashana, futhi ukululama kuyashesha. Ezimweni eziningi, iziguli zisengaya ekhaya zingaphelezelwa, kodwa lokhu kuncike kunqubomgomo yomtholampilo kanye nesimo sesiguli.
2. Ukupholisa umoya nge-nitrous oxide (igesi ehlekisayo)
I-nitrous oxide ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "igesi ehlekayo" ngoba ingadala umuzwa wenduduzo, ukukhanya, nokuzola. Lesi sithokozisi sinikezwa ngemaski ebekwe phezu kwekhala, bese isiguli siphefumula ingxube ye-nitrous oxide nomoya-mpilo. Inzuzo eyinhloko ye-nitrous oxide sedation ukuthi imiphumela yayo iqala ngokushesha futhi iphele ngokushesha ngemva kokuba ukuphakelwa sekuqediwe.
Ngalolu hlobo lokwelapha, isiguli sihlala siqaphile futhi sikwazi ukuxhumana nabanye. Udokotela wamazinyo angashintsha umthamo njengoba kudingeka ngesikhathi senqubo. Ngemva kwenqubo, isiguli sivame ukunikezwa umoya-mpilo ohlanzekile imizuzu embalwa ukusiza ukususa noma yimuphi ugesi osele emzimbeni. Iziguli eziningi zizizwa zilulame ngokwanele ukuba ziphinde ziqale imisebenzi evamile, yize kusadingeka ukuthi kuqashelwe.
I-Nitrous oxide sedation ifanele iziguli ezinokukhathazeka okuncane kuya kokuphakathi, iziguli ezingakhululekile ngezinaliti, noma izinqubo ezingezinde kakhulu.
3. Ukwelapha ngomlomo (ukuthatha imithi yokudambisa)
Ukwelapha ngomlomo kuhilela ukunikeza umuthi wokudambisa ngomlomo ngaphambi kwenqubo. Imithi esetshenziswayo ngokuvamile ama-benzodiazepines (isb., i-diazepam noma i-midazolam ngezindlela ezithile, njengoba kubonisiwe futhi ngokwemigomo yezokwelapha). Imiphumela ingahluka kusukela ekuqedeni okuncane kuya kokuphakathi, kuye ngomthamo, uhlobo lomuthi, kanye nesimo somzimba sesiguli.
Ukwelapha ngomuthi kuvame ukukhethwa ngoba kulula futhi akudingi imishini ekhethekile njengesilinda segesi. Kodwa-ke, inkinga ukuthi imiphumela yalo muthi ayipheli ngokushesha njengokwelapha ngomuthi, njengoba kudinga umzimba ukuthi uguqule umuthi. Iziguli zivame ukuzizwa zozela futhi zelulekwa ukuthi zingashayeli ngemuva kwenqubo. Ngakho-ke, ukwelapha ngomuthi cishe njalo kudinga umuntu ozohamba naye ukuze aziyise ekhaya.
Ukwelapha ngomlomo kufanelekela iziguli ezinokukhathazeka okulinganiselwe, iziguli eziye zabhekana nokulimala ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwamazinyo, noma izinqubo ezidinga isikhathi eside.
4. Ukupholisa okulingene noma "ukupholisa okuqaphelayo"
Ukupholisa okulingene kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ukupholisa okuqaphelayo" ngoba isiguli sihlala singaboni kahle. Iziguli zingasabela emiyalweni elula kodwa zivame ukozela, zingazi lutho ngendawo ezizungezile, futhi ngokuvamile azikhumbuli okuningi ngenqubo (ukukhohlwa okuncane). Lokhu kungaba usizo ikakhulukazi ezigulini ezesaba imisindo yezinsimbi, ingcindezi ngesikhathi senqubo, noma ezizizwa zikhathazekile esihlalweni samazinyo.
Ukupholisa okulingene kungatholakala ngemithamo ephezulu yokupholisa ngomlomo noma ngokufakwa ngemithambo yegazi (IV). Ngenkathi kunikezwa ukupholisa okulingene, ukuqapha izimpawu ezibalulekile njengomfutho wegazi, ukushaya kwenhliziyo, izinga lokuphefumula, kanye namazinga omoya-mpilo kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngemva kwenqubo, iziguli zidinga isikhathi sokululama futhi ngokuvamile zidinga ukuphelezelwa ekhaya.
Ukwelapha okulinganiselwe kuvame ukukhethwa ezinqubweni ezifana nokukhipha izinsini okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukuhlinzwa kwezinsini ezithile, noma ukwelashwa ngezinqubo eziningi ekuvakasheni okukodwa.
5. Ukwelapha ngomjovo (ukwelapha ngomjovo we-IV)
Ukwelapha ngomjovo we-intravenous kuwukunikeza imithi yokwelapha ngomthambo. Izinzuzo zayo eziyinhloko ukuqala ngokushesha kokusebenza kanye nekhono lokulungisa umthamo ngokunembe kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo. Izinga lokwelapha ngomjovo we-IV lingahluka kusukela kokuphakathi kuya kokujulile, kuye ngezidingo kanye nekhono labasebenzi bezokwelapha abakhona.
Ngokwelashwa nge-IV sedation, iziguli zivame ukuzizwa zikhululekile futhi zozela. Iziguli eziningi azikhumbuli inqubo, ebhekwa njengenzuzo kulabo abakhathazekile kakhulu. Ngenxa yemiphumela yayo ebalulekile, ukwelashwa nge-IV sedation ngokuvamile kudinga ukuqapha okuseduze kanye nezinqubo zokuphepha ezijwayelekile, okuhlanganisa imishini yokuqapha kanye nokulungiselela izimo eziphuthumayo. Iziguli kumele ziphelezelwe ekhaya futhi zelulekwe ukuthi ziphumule ngemva kwenqubo.
I-IV sedation ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhipha amazinyo okuhlakanipha, izinqubo ezincane zokuhlinzwa, noma iziguli ezinokukhathazeka okukhulu okunzima ukuzilawula nge-laxation elula.
6. Ukupholisa okujulile
Ukudambisa umzimba okujulile kwenza isiguli sicishe singazi lutho. Isiguli singase sikwazi ukusabela ezicini ezithile, kodwa izimpendulo zaso zilinganiselwe kakhulu. Ngenxa yokuthi kungathinta ukuphefumula kanye nokuzivikela, ukudambisa umzimba okujulile kudinga ukubhekwa eduze kakhulu, ngokuvamile ngudokotela obulala izinzwa noma udokotela onekhono elithuthukisiwe lokudambisa umzimba njengoba kudingeka emithethweni yendawo.
Ukwelapha ngokuthula okujulile kuvame ukukhethwa ezinqubweni eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ezithatha isikhathi eside, noma ezigulini ezingabambisani ngenxa yezimo ezithile. Ngemva kokwelapha ngokuthula okujulile, iziguli zidinga isikhathi eside sokululama, futhi ukuqapha ngemva kwenqubo kubalulekile.
7. Ukubulala izinzwa okuvamile
Nakuba kuvame ukuhlanganiswa nokwelapha ubuhlungu, ukwelapha ubuhlungu obujwayelekile kuyahluka ngokuthi isiguli asizwa nhlobo futhi asizwa lutho ngesikhathi senqubo. Ukwelapha ubuhlungu obujwayelekile kuvame ukwenziwa esibhedlela noma kwenye indawo yokuhlinzwa ekhethekile, ikakhulukazi ekuhlinzeni okukhulu kwemihlathi, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo kwezingane ezinezidingo ezikhethekile ezingakwazi ukuthola ukunakekelwa okuvamile, noma izimo zokwesaba okukhulu ezingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngamanye amazinga okwelapha ubuhlungu.
Ngaphansi kokuhlinzwa okuvamile, indlela yokuphefumula yesiguli kanye nemisebenzi ebalulekile kumele ilawulwe eduze ngudokotela wezinzwa. Isikhathi sokululama sibuye sibe side kunezinye izindlela zokudambisa ubuhlungu, futhi isiguli kumele sihambisane naso futhi silandele imiyalelo yangemva kokuhlinzwa.
Izinto okufanele uzicabangele ngokuphepha kanye nokulungiselela
Ngaphambi kokukhetha umuthi wokudambisa, udokotela wamazinyo uzohlola umlando wezokwelapha wesiguli, ukungezwani nemithi, ukusetshenziswa kwemithi njalo, izimo zenhliziyo noma zokuphefumula, kanye nokuthi isiguli sikhulelwe yini. Kwezinye izinketho zokudambisa, isiguli sicelwa ukuba sizile ukudla amahora amaningana ngaphambi kwenqubo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yesicanucanu kanye nokufisa ukudla. Iziguli kufanele futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi zikhona iziguli ezihambisana nazo, ikakhulukazi zomuthi wokudambisa ngomlomo, wokudambisa nge-IV, wokudambisa ngokujulile, noma wokubulala izinzwa okuvamile.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudambisa cishe njalo kuhlanganiswa ne-anesthesia yendawo ukuvimbela ubuhlungu endaweni yomlomo. Ukudambisa kusiza isiguli ukuba siphumule, kuyilapho i-anesthesia yendawo iyenza indawo elashwe ibe nesiyezi.
Isiphetho
Ukwelapha amazinyo kuza ngezindlela ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukwelapha okuncane, i-nitrous oxide, ukwelapha ngomlomo, ukwelapha okulinganiselwe, ukwelapha ngemithambo yegazi, ukwelapha okujulile, kanye nokubulala izinzwa okuvamile. Ukukhetha ukwelapha kuncike ezingeni lokukhathazeka kwesiguli, ubunzima benqubo, ubude benqubo, kanye nempilo yaso iyonke. Ngokukhethwa okufanele kanye nokuqapha okufanele, ukwelapha amazinyo kungenza izinqubo zamazinyo zibe mnandi, ziphephe, futhi zisebenze kahle, kuqede isidingo sokuba iziguli zibambezele ukwelashwa okubalulekile empilweni yazo yomlomo kanye neyonke.
