Incazelo Yomthetho KaFaraday Wokusebenzisa I-Electromagnetism
UMichael Faraday wayengomunye wososayensi abanethonya elikhulu emlandweni wesayensi. Ngochungechunge lwezilingo zokudala kanye nomdlandla ongakhathali, wathola imiqondo eyaba yisisekelo se-electromagnetism yanamuhla. Omunye weminikelo yakhe emikhulu kwakuyi-Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction, eyachazwa okokuqala ngo-1831. Lo mthetho uchaza ukuthi insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ingakhiqiza kanjani ugesi ku-conductor, isimiso esiyisisekelo sobuchwepheshe obuningi kagesi esibusebenzisa namuhla.
Izimiso Eziyisisekelo Zomthetho KaFaraday
Umthetho kaFaraday uthi “amandla e-electromotive (emf) abangelwa yi-closed circuit alingana nesilinganiso sokushintsha kwe-magnetic flux nge-circuit.” Ngendlela yezibalo, umthetho kaFaraday ungabhalwa kanje:
\[ \mathcal{E} = -\frac{d\Phi_B}{dt} \]
Lapha, \( \mathcal{E} \) (epsilon) amandla e-electromotive abangelwa yi-induced (emf), kanye \( \Phi_B \) (phi-B) yi-magnetic flux. Uphawu olubi kulesi sibalo luwumphumela woMthetho kaLenz, othi i-emf ebangelwa yi-induced ihlala isebenza ngendlela ephikisana noshintsho lwe-magnetic flux.
I-magnetic flux (\( \Phi_B \)) ichazwa kanje:
\[ \Phi_B = B \cdot A \cdot \cos(\theta) \]
lapho \( B \) kuyinsimu yamagnetic, \( A \) yindawo engaphezulu lapho insimu yamagnetic idlula khona, kanye \( \theta \) kuyi-engeli ephakathi kwensimu yamagnetic kanye nomugqa oqondile kulowo mphezulu.
Isenzakalo Sokungeniswa Kwe-Electromagnetic
Ukuze siqonde ukuthi uMthetho kaFaraday usebenza kanjani ngokusebenzayo, singacabanga ngezimo ezithile zakudala zokuhlola. Isibonelo esisodwa sihilela ukusebenzisa i-solenoid, noma ikhoyili yocingo. Uma sixhuma isekethe kagesi ku-solenoid, ugesi ogeleza ngentambo ukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic.
Manje, ake sithi sinozibuthe esingawuhambisa siwukhiphe ku-solenoid. Njengoba uzibuthe uhamba, insimu kazibuthe engaphakathi ku-solenoid nayo iyashintsha. Lokhu kubangela ushintsho ekugelezeni kukazibuthe ku-coil yocingo, okubangela ugesi ku-coil. Lona umfanekiso olula wendlela osebenza ngayo uMthetho kaFaraday.
Ukusetshenziswa koMthetho kaFaraday Empilweni Yansuku Zonke
Isiguquli
Enye yezindlela ezivame kakhulu zokusebenzisa uMthetho kaFaraday yi-transformer kagesi. I-transformer iyithuluzi elishintsha izinga le-voltage yesekethe elilodwa liye kwelinye ngokusebenzisa i-electromagnetic induction. I-transformer inezintambo ezimbili zocingo (eziyinhloko nezesibili) ezizungezwe i-common iron core. Lapho i-alternating current igeleza nge-primary coil, i-magnetic field ekhiqizwa yi-current nayo igeleza nge-secondary coil. Le magnetic field eshintshayo ibangela i-electric current kwi-secondary coil. Sisebenzisa lesi simiso, singakhuphula noma sinciphise i-voltage njengoba kudingeka.
Ijeneretha Kagesi
Amajeneretha kagesi nawo asetshenziswa ngqo yi-Faraday's Law. Kujeneretha, amandla omshini aguqulwa abe amandla kagesi. Lapho amakhoyili entambo noma omazibuthe ehamba ngokuhambisana, ukushintshashintsha kwe-magnetic flux kuwo wonke amakhoyili kukhiqiza ugesi. Amajeneretha kagesi ayisici esibalulekile ezitshalweni zamandla, kungaba ngamanzi, ukushisa, i-nuclear, noma ezinye izitshalo zamandla.
Ama-Cooktop Okungenisa Ukungenisa
Ama-cooktop okungenisa umoya asebenzisa nezimiso zoMthetho kaFaraday. Ku-cooktop yokungenisa umoya, ugesi oshintshanayo ugeleza ngentambo yocingo etholakala ngaphansi kwe-cooktop. Lo gesi ukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo. Uma ipani le-ferromagnetic libekwa phezu kwe-cooktop, insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ibangela ugesi (owaziwa ngokuthi ugesi we-eddy) phansi kwepani, okukhiqiza ukushisa ngenxa yokumelana kukagesi kwezinto zepani.
Umthetho kaLenz kanye nokulondolozwa kwamandla
Sishilo ngaphambilini ukuthi uphawu olubi ku-Faraday's equation luvela ku-Lenz's Law. Umthetho kaLenz uthi ugesi obangelwa ushintsho ekugelezeni kwamandla kagesi uhlala ukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ephikisana noshintsho olubangele lokho. Lokhu kuwukubonakaliswa kwesimiso sokulondolozwa kwamandla.
Uma singacabangi ngoMthetho kaLenz, singagcina sikhiqizwe amandla ngaphandle kwento, ukwephulwa okusobala komthetho wokulondolozwa kwamandla. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthi ushintsho ekugelezeni kwamandla kagesi olukhiqiza ugesi luhlala lusebenza ukumelana noshintsho olubangele lokho, uMthetho kaLenz ugcina ibhalansi yamandla ohlelweni.
Isibonelo, uma sicindezela i-magnet ku-solenoid, sidinga ukuzama ngamandla omshini ukuze sinqobe insimu yamagnetic edalwe ugesi obangelwa yi-induced current ku-coil. Lo mzamo awulahleki nje kuphela; uguqulwa ube amandla kagesi ngaphakathi kohlelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma sikhipha i-magnet ku-solenoid, sidinga futhi umzamo womshini ukuze sidonse i-magnet ngokumelene nensimu yamagnetic ebangelwayo.
Ukuhlolwa Okubalulekile KukaFaraday
Izivivinyo eziningi zikaFaraday zazibaluleke kakhulu ekuboniseni le mithetho. Olunye ucwaningo olunjalo kwakuyidiski yeFaraday, eyayinediski yensimbi ejikelezayo phakathi kwezigxobo zikamazibuthe onamandla. Kulolu cwaningo, iFaraday yabonisa ngempumelelo ukuthi ukunyakaza okuhlobene phakathi kukamazibuthe nomqhubi kubangela ugesi, okwenza kube olunye lwezivivinyo ezibalulekile ku-electromagnetism.
Ithonya kanye Nemiphumela
Ukutholakala kukaFaraday kokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic akuzange nje kubeke isisekelo sokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe kagesi, kodwa futhi kwavula indlela yokuqonda okwengeziwe ngokusebenzisana phakathi kukagesi kanye ne-magnetism. Ucwaningo lukaFaraday lwathonya uJames Clerk Maxwell, kamuva owakha izibalo zikaMaxwell, ehlanganisa ugesi, i-magnetism, kanye nokukhanya kwaba yisethi eyisisekelo yezibalo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-electromagnetic theory.
Le mbono futhi yaba nemiphumela emikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana, okuhlanganisa nokusungulwa komsakazo nguGuglielmo Marconi, futhi ekugcineni kwavumela ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe besimanje obungenantambo njengama-smartphone, i-Wi-Fi, kanye ne-GPS.
Isiphetho
Umthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-Electromagnetic ungenye yezisekelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zefiziksi nobunjiniyela kagesi. Kusukela ekunyakazeni okulula kwamagnethi nama-coil entambo, kuya ekusetshenzisweni okuyinkimbinkimbi kumajeneretha kagesi nama-transformer, lesi simiso esatholwa nguMichael Faraday ngekhulu le-19 siyaqhubeka nokuba nomthelela omkhulu empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Ukuqonda lo mthetho akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi siqonde ukuthi zingaki amadivayisi ezobuchwepheshe besimanje asebenzayo, kodwa futhi kuholela ekuqondeni okujulile izimiso eziyisisekelo zendawo yonke.
