Izinkinga Zenhlalakahle Yengane Ngokwesimo Se-Anthropology
Inhlalakahle yengane iyinkinga eyinkimbinkimbi engenakuhlukaniswa nesimo samasiko, sezomnotho, senhlalo kanye nesezombusazwe somphakathi lapho ingane ihlala khona. Ezifundweni ze-anthropology, inhlalakahle yengane ivame ukubhekwa ngeso elihlukile kunezinye isayensi yezenhlalo njenge-sociology noma i-psychology. I-anthropology inikeza ububanzi obanzi bokuqonda inhlalakahle yengane ngombono ophelele noqhathanisayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola udaba lwenhlalakahle yengane ngaphakathi komongo we-anthropological, sihlole izici ezahlukahlukene ezithonyayo, futhi sihlole ukuthi lokhu kuqonda kunganikeza kanjani ukuqonda ngezinqubomgomo kanye nokungenelela okuphumelelayo kakhudlwana.
Inhlalakahle Yengane: Incazelo Nezinkomba
Ngokuvamile, inhlalakahle yengane ingachazwa njengesimo lapho izingane zingaphila khona ngokuphephile nangokunempilo, futhi zithole amathuba alinganiselayo okukhula ngokomzimba, ngokomzwelo, emphakathini, nangokwengqondo. Kodwa-ke, le ncazelo ingahluka kakhulu kuye ngomongo wamasiko. Kwamanye amasiko, inhlalakahle yengane ingase ihlotshaniswe kakhulu nokusondelana komndeni noma ukuba khona kokhokho, kanti kwamanye ingase igxile kakhulu empumelelweni yomuntu ngamunye kanye nemfundo ehlelekile.
Izazi ze-anthropology sezilokhu ziqaphela ukuthi izinkomba zempilo-mpilo yengane, njengempilo, imfundo, ukuvikelwa ebudloveni, kanye nokubamba iqhaza komphakathi, azikwazi ukubhekwa njengezinto ezihlala zihleli noma ezijwayelekile. Ngayinye yalezi zinkomba ingaba nezincazelo ezahlukene ezimweni ezahlukene zamasiko. Isibonelo, umqondo "wemfundo" emphakathini wezimboni othuthukile ungase uhluke kakhulu kumqondo "wemfundo" emphakathini wendabuko okude kakhulu.
Ithonya Lamasiko Enhlalakahleni Yabantwana
Isiko liyisici esibalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi inhlalakahle yengane iqondwa futhi inakekelwa kanjani. Amasiko amaningi anemikhuba ethile kanye nezindinganiso akholelwa ukuthi ziyindlela engcono kakhulu yokunakekela izingane zawo. Le mikhuba ihlanganisa izindlela zendabuko zokukhulisa izingane, amasiko abalulekile ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi nangokomzwelo, kanye nezakhiwo zomndeni ezisekela ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezingane.
Isibonelo, kweminye imiphakathi yendabuko, inhlalakahle yengane ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubandakanyeka komphakathi okuseduze kanye nokuxhumana okuqinile nemvelo kanye nemvelo ezungezile. Izingane zifundiswa kusukela zisencane ukuqonda nokwazisa indawo yazo, okunikela hhayi kuphela enhlalakahleni yazo engokomzimba kodwa futhi nasenhlalakahleni yazo yengqondo nengokomoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imiphakathi yasemadolobheni ingase igcizelele kakhulu imfundo esemthethweni njengendlela eyinhloko yenhlalakahle kanye nokuhambahamba komphakathi.
Isibonelo esisodwa esithakazelisayo umqondo waseNingizimu Afrika we-"ubuntu," okusho ukuthi "Ngiyilokho engiyikho ngoba ngiyikho." Kulesi simo, inhlalakahle yengane ihlobene kakhulu nenhlalakahle yomphakathi wonke. Imfundo, isibonelo, akuyona nje umthwalo wemfanelo wabazali kodwa futhi nowomphakathi wonke.
Leli thonya lamasiko lingabonakala nasemikhuba yokukhulisa izingane. Emiphakathini eminingi yase-Asia, ukukhulisa izingane kuncike komunye nomunye, lapho kulindeleke ukuthi izingane zihloniphe futhi zilalele abazali bazo noma amalungu omndeni amadala. Lokhu kuhlukile kweminye imiphakathi yaseNtshonalanga, egcizelela ukuzimela kwasebuntwaneni ezinganeni.
Izici Zezomnotho Nezenhlalo
Ngaphezu kwesiko, izici zomnotho nezenhlalo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni inhlalakahle yengane. Izingane ezikhulela ezimweni zomnotho ezimpofu zivame ukubhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene ezingathinta inhlalakahle yazo iyonke. Indlala, ukuntuleka kokufinyelela emfundweni esezingeni eliphezulu, kanye nokufinyelela okulinganiselwe ezinsizakalweni zezempilo eziyisisekelo ngezinye zezinkinga ezivame ukuhlangatshezwana nazo.
Izazi ze-anthropology zikhombisile ukuthi lezi zinkinga zivame ukubhebhethekiswa yizakhiwo zomphakathi ezingalingani nezibandlululayo. Izingane ezivela ezinhlanga ezincane, amaqembu ahlukunyeziwe, kanye nabafuduki bavame ukubhekana nokucwaswa okuphindwe kabili okuvimbela ukufinyelela kwabo izinsiza namathuba. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa iqiniso lokuthi inhlalakahle yezingane ayixhomekile nje kuphela ezimweni zomnotho zemindeni yazo kodwa futhi nasezindleleni zamandla kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi emiphakathini yazo.
Indlela umphakathi ophatha ngayo amantombazane nayo ibonisa izici zomphakathi. Emazweni amaningi, amantombazane awakwazi ukufinyelela ngokulinganayo emfundweni noma ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, okunomthelela omkhulu enhlalakahleni yawo yesikhathi eside.
Ukungenelela kanye Nenqubomgomo: Ukubaluleka Kwendlela Yokufunda Ngemvelaphi Yabantu
Ukuqonda kwenhlalakahle yengane ngokwesayensi yabantu kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuhlanganiswa kwesimo kanye nokuzwela kwamasiko ekwakheni ukungenelela kanye nezinqubomgomo. Indlela eyodwa efanelana nabo bonke ayigcini nje ngokwehluleka ukufeza imigomo yayo kodwa futhi ingaba nemiphumela emibi engahlosiwe. Isibonelo, izinhlelo zokusiza ngokudla eziklanywe ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa amasiko endawo kanye nezintandokazi zokudla zingaba zingasebenzi noma zihlukanise imiphakathi ethola usizo.
Izazi ze-anthropology zivame ukusebenzisa indlela yokubamba iqhaza ehilela amalungu omphakathi kuzo zonke izigaba zezinhlelo zokungenelela, kusukela ekuhleleni kuya ekuqaliseni. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlelo ezisetshenziswayo zibhekana nezidingo futhi zizuzise izingane emphakathini. Iphinde ikhuthaze ukusimama kwezinhlelo zokungenelela ngoba umphakathi uzizwa ungumnikazi kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wempumelelo yazo.
Isibonelo sale ndlela izinhlelo zemfundo engakahleleki emiphakathini eminingana yendabuko eLatin America. Lezi zinhlelo zenzelwe ukuhlonipha nokufaka izakhi zamasiko endawo njengezilimi zendabuko, izinganekwane, kanye nemikhuba engokomoya. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane azigcini nje ngokuthola imfundo esemthethweni eyaziwayo kodwa futhi zihlala zixhumene nefa lazo lamasiko.
Isiphetho
Inhlalakahle yengane iyinkinga ebanzi edinga indlela yokusebenzisana kwemikhakha eyahlukene. Ngokombono we-anthropology, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi inhlalakahle yezingane ayinakuhlukaniswa namasiko, isakhiwo senhlalo , kanye nokuguquguquka kwezomnotho kwemiphakathi yazo. Ukuqaphela ukwehlukahluka kwendlela imiphakathi eqonda futhi ilinganisa ngayo inhlalakahle yengane kusiza abacwaningi kanye nabenzi bezinqubomgomo ukuthi baklame ukungenelela okuphumelelayo nokuqhubekayo.
Ngokugxila ekuhlanganiseni isimo kanye nokuzwela kwamasiko, indlela ye-anthropology inikeza uhlaka oluwusizo lokuhlola izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezithinta inhlalakahle yengane emhlabeni wonke. Le ndlela ibalulekile hhayi nje ekuthuthukiseni izinqubomgomo ezibandakanya wonke umuntu kodwa futhi nasekwakheni umhlaba onobulungiswa nolinganayo kubo bonke abantwana.
