I-Anthropology Yenhlangano kanye Nemisebenzi Yomsebenzi
I-anthropology yenhlangano iyigatsha locwaningo elisebenzisa imibono yabantu—ikakhulukazi imiqondo yamasiko, izimpawu, ubudlelwano bamandla, kanye nemikhuba yansuku zonke—ukuqonda ukuthi izinhlangano zisebenza kanjani. Ngenkathi isayensi yokuphatha ivame ukugcizelela isakhiwo, isu, kanye nemigomo yokusebenza, i-anthropology yenhlangano ihlola izindawo ezicashile kodwa ezibalulekile: indlela abantu abanikeza ngayo incazelo emsebenzini, indlela imikhuba eyakhiwa ngayo, indlela izinqumo ezenziwa ngayo empilweni yangempela (hhayi ephepheni kuphela), nokuthi kungani kungavela ukungqubuzana nobumbano enkambisweni yomsebenzi. Ngendlela ye-ethnography, i-anthropology yenhlangano isiza ukuchaza ukuguquguquka komsebenzi njengento ephilayo, ehambayo, futhi ebunjwe ukuxhumana kwabantu kwansuku zonke .
Izinhlangano “njengamasiko” afundiwe
Ngokombono wesayensi yabantu, inhlangano akuyona nje isakhiwo noma iqoqo lezikhundla, kodwa kunalokho iyizwe lezenhlalo elinezindinganiso zalo, imikhuba, ulimi, kanye namasiko alo. Isiko lenhlangano libonakala ngemininingwane emincane: indlela imihlangano evulwa ngayo, ukuthi ubani okhuluma kuqala, indlela amahlaya asetshenziswa ngayo, indlela ukugxekwa okulethwa ngayo, kanye nendlela impumelelo egujwa ngayo. Konke lokhu kwakha "ikhodi engabhaliwe" evame ukuba namandla kakhulu kunezinqubo ezisemthethweni.
Isibonelo, inkampani ingaba nenqubomgomo evulekile ekhuthaza abasebenzi ukuthi babelane ngemibono ngqo nabaphathi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, uma isiko lansuku zonke lisho ukuthi ukugxekwa kubhekwa njengokuphazamisa ukuvumelana, abasebenzi bazokhetha ukuthula. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi ukuqonda inhlangano kudinga ukubheka imikhuba yangempela, hhayi nje imibhalo esemthethweni.
I-Ethnography isebenza: ukubona okungabonakali
Indlela eyinhloko ye-anthropology yi-ethnography—ukubuka okujulile kanye nokuhlanganyela empilweni yansuku zonke yeqembu. Esimweni senhlangano, i-ethnography ihilela ukuqaphela izigqi zomsebenzi, amaphethini okuxhumana, ukusetshenziswa kwehhovisi, ngisho nendlela abantu abaxoxisana ngayo ngemithetho. Ukugxila akukhona ekutholeni "ubani olungile nobani ongalungile," kodwa kunalokho ekuqondeni indlela abantu abachaza ngayo izimo nokuthi kungani benza ngendlela abaziphatha ngayo.
Le ndlela iwusizo ekuqondeni izendlalelo zeqiniso ezivame ukunganakwa ezinhlolovo zokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi noma emibikweni yokusebenza. Izinhlolovo zingase zithi “ukuxhumana kwangaphakathi kuhle,” kodwa i-ethnography ingaveza ukuthi ukuxhumana kwenzeka ngempela ngeziteshi ezingakahleleki—amaqembu athile engxoxo, ubungane obuphakathi kwezigaba, noma abantu ababalulekile abasebenza “njengamabhuloho” olwazi.
Izinguquko emsebenzini: ubudlelwano, ubuwena, kanye nokuxoxisana
Izinguquko zomsebenzi ziyizinqubo zomphakathi ezivela ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwabantu ngabanye namaqembu endaweni yokusebenza. I-anthropology yenhlangano ibheka izinguquko zomsebenzi njengomphumela wezingxoxo eziqhubekayo phakathi kwezintshisekelo zomuntu siqu, izidingo zenhlangano, kanye nezindinganiso ezihlangene. Izici ezintathu ezibalulekile zivame ukugqanyiswa: ubudlelwano bamandla, ukwakheka kobunikazi , kanye nemikhuba yokuxoxisana.
1) Ubudlelwano bamandla negunya obungahlelekile
Amandla ezinhlanganweni awalandeli njalo uchungechunge olusemthethweni lokulawula. Umuntu osesikhundleni esiphansi angaba nethonya elikhulu ngoba unolwazi oluthile, unenethiwekhi ebanzi, noma ubhekwa "njengomuntu othembekile" kubaholi. Izazi ze-anthropology zibiza lokhu ngokuthi igunya elingakahleleki—elivame ukunquma ukugeleza kwezinqumo.
Amandla ayabonakala futhi endleleni umsebenzi ohlukaniswe ngayo: ukuthi ubani othola amaphrojekthi abalulekile, ukuthi ubani othola isigaba sokwethula, nokuthi umsebenzi wakhe uhlala ungabonakali. Ezinhlanganweni eziningi, "umsebenzi ongokomzwelo" njengokunciphisa izingxabano, ukwamukela abasebenzi abasha, noma ukugcina isimilo seqembu uvame ukwenziwa ngabantu abathile ngaphandle kokuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni. Uma lolu hlobo lomsebenzi luqhutshwa njalo ngabantu abafanayo, ukuguquguquka komsebenzi kungaba okungalingani futhi kuholele ekukhathaleni.
2) Ubuwena bobungcweti kanye nomuzwa wokuba yingxenye
Abantu abagcini nje "ngokusebenza"; bakha ubunikazi ngomsebenzi wabo. Iziqu zemisebenzi, iyunifomu, ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezithile, ngisho namakheli e-imeyili enkampani kungaba izimpawu zesimo kanye nobulungu. I-anthropology yenhlangano igxile endleleni ubunikazi bobungcweti obakhiwa futhi bugcinwa ngayo: "siyiqembu lokudala," "siyizisebenzi zasensimini," noma "singabantu bedatha."
Lokhu kuzibona kungakhuthaza ukuziqhenya nobumbano, kodwa futhi kudala izithiyo phakathi kwamaqembu. Isibonelo, ithimba elisebenzayo lingabheka ithimba eliqondisayo "njengelinombono" futhi elingahlangani namaqiniso akhona, kuyilapho ithimba eliqondisayo lingabheka ithimba elisebenzayo "njengelintula izinto ezintsha." Uma lingaphathwa, lokhu kuzibona okuhlukile kungaholela ekuqhekekeni okulimaza ukubambisana.
3) Ukuxoxisana ngemithetho: phakathi kokwenza izinto ngendlela esemthethweni kanye nokwenza izinto ngendlela efanele
Ephepheni, izinhlangano zithembele kuma-SOP, ama-KPI, kanye nezindinganiso zomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, empeleni, abasebenzi bavame ukwenza izinguquko ukuze izinto ziqhubeke zisebenza. Lezi zinguquko zingathatha isimo sezinqamuleli eziphephile, ukwenziwa kwezinto ezintsha, noma ukwabiwa kwemisebenzi okungakahleleki. I-anthropology yenhlangano ibheka lezi zingxoxo njengezemvelo: abantu bahlala bechaza imithetho ngokomongo.
Izinkinga ziyavela lapho igebe phakathi kwemithetho esemthethweni kanye nomkhuba libanzi kakhulu. Abasebenzi bangaba ngabangathembi—babheke izinqubomgomo “njengombukiso” nje—noma bazizwe bebanjwe yizidingo ezingenangqondo. Yilapho i-anthropology isiza khona: kunokuba imane isole abantu, ihlola ukuthi imithetho yakhiwe ngokuvumelana nezimo zomphakathi kanye nezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
Isiko, izimpawu, nolimi: amathuluzi abumba umsebenzi
Izindlela zomsebenzi nazo zibunjwa yimikhuba yenhlangano: imihlangano yamasonto onke, amahholo edolobha, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza, ukwamukelwa, kanye nokuphuma. Amasiko abopha amalungu ngokuphindaphinda kanye nophawu. Aqinisa "indlela esilapha ngayo." Ngisho nemikhuba elula efana nokushaya ihlombe ngemva kokwethula, umklomelo wabasebenzi abangcono kakhulu, noma isiko lesidlo sasemini lomphakathi lidlulisela imiyalezo mayelana nezindinganiso zenhlangano—kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyancintisana, ziyabambisana, noma zinobushiqela.
Ulimi luyindawo ebalulekile futhi. Amagama anjengokuthi "umndeni," "ukushesha," "umuzwa wokuphuthuma," "ukusebenza kahle," noma "ingqondo yokukhula" akuwona nje amagama angathathi hlangothi. Akha ukulindela kokuziphatha futhi ajwayele imibono ethile. Uma inhlangano ivame ukuzibiza ngokuthi "umndeni," isibonelo, lokhu kungakhuthaza imfudumalo nokusekelana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, leli gama ngezinye izikhathi lisetshenziselwa ukusunduza imingcele yobungcweti: kunzima ukwenqaba isikhathi esengeziwe ngoba libhekwa "njengokungabambisani."
Ingxabano nokubambisana: izinhlangothi ezimbili ze-dynamic
I-anthropology yenhlangano ibheka ukungqubuzana hhayi njengophawu lokwehluleka, kodwa njengengxenye yemvelo yenqubo yomphakathi. Ukungqubuzana kungavela ezithakazelweni ezihlukene, izindima ezingacacile, ukuqashelwa okungalingani, noma ukuxhumana okungalingani. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukungqubuzana kuphathwa kanjani: kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuvulelwe ingxoxo, kucindezelwe ngenxa yokuzwana okubonakalayo, noma kuphambukiselwe ekuhlebeni nasekuxabaneni okuhlala isikhathi eside.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, ukubambisana kwakheka uma kukhona ukwethembana, ukuphepha kwengqondo, kanye nezindinganiso zeqembu ezisekela usizo oluhlangene. Ukwethembana kuvame ukwakhiwa ngokusebenzisana okuncane okuqhubekayo—ukugcina izithembiso, ukunikeza udumo ngeminikelo yabanye, kanye nokuba sobala ezinqumweni. Ezimweni eziningi, ukubambisana okuqinile kunqunywa kakhulu ubudlelwano bezenhlalo kunezikhuthazo ezisemthethweni.
Ushintsho lwenhlangano: kungani kuvame ukuvela ukumelana
Lapho izinhlangano zishintsha—ukuhlelwa kabusha, ukwenziwa kwedijithali, izinguquko zobuholi, noma ukuqaliswa kwezinhlelo ezintsha—ukumelana kuvame ukubonwa njengesimo sengqondo esibi. I-Anthropology inikeza enye incazelo: ukumelana kungabonisa ukuthi ushintsho lusongela ubunikazi beqembu elithile, isimo, noma umuzwa wokulondeka. Abantu abamelani ngoba nje “abafuni ukuqhubekela phambili,” kodwa ngoba ushintsho luphazamisa ukuhleleka kwencazelo yabo ekhona.
Ngakho-ke, ushintsho oluphumelelayo ludinga okungaphezu nje kokuqeqeshwa kobuchwepheshe. Ludinga umsebenzi wamasiko: ukuchaza isizathu soshintsho olimini oluqondakalayo, ukubandakanya amaqembu abalulekile, ukunikeza indawo yokulila izindlela zakudala, nokudala amasiko amasha aqinisekisa isiqondiso esisha senhlangano.
Kungani i-anthropology yenhlangano ibalulekile namuhla
Indawo yokusebenza yanamuhla ibonakala ngokusebenza kude, ukubambisana kwamasiko ahlukahlukene, ukusetshenziswa kwe-AI, kanye nokunaka okukhulu empilweni yengqondo kanye nokwehlukahlukana. Zonke lezi zinkinga ziyisisekelo sezenhlalo namasiko: indlela abantu abasebenzisana ngayo, abakha ngayo ukwethembana, kanye nokuhumusha umsebenzi phakathi noshintsho. I-anthropology yenhlangano ibalulekile ngoba ingachaza izinhlangano njengezindawo zokuxhumana nabantu, hhayi nje imishini yokukhiqiza.
Ekugcineni, ukuqonda ukuguquguquka komsebenzi kusho ukuqonda abantu ngaphakathi kwezinhlangano—ngezindinganiso zabo, imizwa, amasu okubhekana nesimo, kanye nokulindela. I-anthropology yenhlangano inikeza ilensi yokubona phakathi kwemigqa: amaphethini ajwayelekile, izimpawu zesimo, amanethiwekhi angakahleleki, kanye nezindaba eziqhuba isenzo. Ngalelo lensi, singaklama izinqubomgomo ezisekelwe kakhulu, sakhe amasiko omsebenzi anempilo, futhi sakhe izinhlangano ezingasebenzi kahle kuphela kodwa futhi ezinobuntu.
