Kuwedzera huwandu hwehuwandu - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kukura kwemutsetse kunongowanikwa nezvinhu zvakasimba chete; kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kunowanikwa nezvinhu zvese, zvese zvakasimba, zvemvura, uye zvegasi. Kukura kwevhoriyamu kwakafanana nekukura kwemutsetse.

Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu 1

Tsananguro: Vo o = Vhoriyamu yekutanga, V = Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira, ΔV = V – Vo o = Kuchinja kwevhoriyamu, To o = Tembiricha yekutanga, T = Tembiricha yekupedzisira, ΔT = T – To o = Kuchinja kwetembiricha, β = chiyero chekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu. Zvikamu zve β = ( Co ) -1

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Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu 2

Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu 3

Kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu 4

Equation yekuwedzera vhoriyamu iri pamusoro apa inoshanda chete kana shanduko muhuwandu hwezvinhu (zvese zvakasimba, zvemvura, uye zvegasi) dziri diki pane vhoriyamu yekutanga yechinhu. Kana shanduko muhuwandu hwechinhu yakakura kupfuura vhoriyamu yekutanga yechinhu, equation yekuwedzera vhoriyamu haipe mhedzisiro chaiyo. Kazhinji, shanduko muhuwandu hunowanikwa nezvinhu zvakasimba hadzisi dzakanyanya kukura. Kune rumwe rutivi, coefficient yekuwedzera vhoriyamu yemvura negasi yakakura. Coefficient yekuwedzera vhoriyamu yezvinhu zvine gasi iri nyorewo kuchinja kana tembiricha ikachinja. Saka fomura iri pamusoro inoshandiswa chete pakuwedzera kwezvinhu zvakasimba.

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1. Pa30 o C, vhoriyamu yesphere yearuminiyamu i30 cm 3. Iyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwemutsara i24 x 10 -6 o C -1 . Kana vhoriyamu yekupedzisira iri 30.5 cm 3 , tembiricha yekupedzisira yesphere yearuminiyamu ndeyei?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara ( α ) = 24 x 10 -6 o C -1

Kuwanda kwehuwandu ( β ) = 3 α = 3 x 24 x 10 -6 o C -1 = 72 x 10 -6 o C -1

Tembiricha yekutanga (T1 ) = 30 o C

Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V 1 ) = 30 cm 3

Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V 2 ) = 30.5 cm 3

Kuchinja kwevhoriyamu ( Δ V) = 30.5 cm 3 – 30 cm 3 = 0.5 cm 3

Zvinodiwa: Tembiricha yekupedzisira ( T2 )

Solution:

Δ V = β (V 1 )( ΔT )

Δ V = β (V 1 )(T 2 – T 1 )

0.5 masendimita3 = (72 X 10-6 oC-1)(30 cm3)(T)2 - 30oC)

0.5 = (2160 x 10 -6 ) (T 2 – 30 )

0.5 = (2.160 x 10 -3 ) (T 2 – 30 )

0.5 = (2.160 x 10 -3 ) (T 2 – 30 )

0.5 / (2.160 x 10 -3 ) = T 2 – 30

0.23 x 10 3 = T 2 – 30

0.23 x 1000 = T 2 – 30

230 = T 2 - 30

230 + 30 = T 2

T 2 = 260 o C

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2. Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwesimbi mumutsara wemutsara i9 x 10 -6 o C -1 . Dhayamita yemukati yesimbi mu20 o C i2.2 cm. Kana dhayamita yekupedzisira iri 2.8 cm, tembiricha yekupedzisira ndeyei!

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara ( α ) = 9 x 10 -6 o C -1

Kuwanda kwehuwandu ( β) = 3 α = 3 x 9 x 10 -6 o C -1 = 27 x 10 -6 o C -1

Tembiricha yekutanga (T1 ) = 20 o C

Dhayamita yekutanga (D 1 ) = 2.2 cm

Dhayamita yekupedzisira (D 2 ) = 2.8 cm

Radiyo yekutanga (r 1 ) = D 1 / 2 = 2.2 cm 3 / 2 = 1.1 cm 3

Radiyo yekupedzisira (r 2 ) = D 2 / 2 = 2.8 cm 3 / 2 = 1.4 cm 3

Vhoriyamu yekutanga (V 1 ) = 4/3 π r 1 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.1 cm) 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.331 cm 3 ) = 5.57 cm 3

Vhoriyamu yekupedzisira (V 2 ) = 4/3 π r 2 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(1.4 cm) 3 = (4/3)(3.14)(2.744 cm 3 ) = 11.48 cm 3

Kuchinja kwevhoriyamu ( Δ V) = 11.48 cm 3 – 5.57 cm 3 = 5.91 cm 3

Zvinodiwa: Tembiricha yekupedzisira ( T2 )

Solution:

Δ V = β (V 1 )( ΔT )

5.91 masendimita3 = (27 X 10-6 oC-1)(5.57 masendimita3)(T)2 - 20oC)

5.91 = (150.39 x 10 -6 ) (T 2 - 20)

5.91 / 150.39 x 10 -6 = T 2 – 20

0.039 x 10 6 = T 2 – 20

39 x 10 3 = T 2 – 20

39,000 = T 2 - 20

39,000 + 20 = T 2

T 2 = 39,020 o C

3. A 2000-cm3 aluminium mudziyo, yakazadzwa nemvura pa 0oC. Uye wobva wadziisa kusvika pa90oC. Kana chiyero chekuwedzera kwearuminiyamu chiri 24 x 10-6 (oC)-1 uye chiyero chekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemvura i6.3 x 10-4 (oC)-1, tarisa huwandu hwemvura yadeuka.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Vhoriyamu yekutanga yemudziyo wearuminiyamu nemvura (Vo ) = 2000 cm 3 = 2 x 10 3 cm 3

Kupisa kwekutanga kwemudziyo wearuminiyamu nemvura (T1 ) = 0 o C

Kupisa kwekupedzisira kwemudziyo wearuminiyamu nemvura (T2 ) = 90 o C

Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwearuminiyamu (α) = 24 x 10 -6 ( o C ) -1

Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwearuminiyamu (γ) = 3α = 3 (24 x 10 -6 ( o C ) -1 ) = 72 x 10 -6 o C -1

Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemvura (γ) = 6.3 x 10 -4 ( o C ) -1

Zvinodiwa: Huwandu hwemvura yakadururwa

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu:

V = Vo o + γ Vo o ΔT

V – Vo o = γ Vo o ΔT

ΔV = γ V o ΔT

V = vhoriyamu yekupedzisira, Vo = vhoriyamu yekutanga, ΔV = shanduko muvhoriyamu, γ = chiyero chekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu, ΔT = shanduko mukupisa

Verenga shanduko yehuwandu hwechirongo chearuminiyamu:

ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (72 x 10 -6 )(2 x 10 3 )(90) = 12960 x 10 -3 = 12.960 cm 3

Verenga shanduko muhuwandu hwemvura:

ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (6. 3 x 10 -4 )(2 x 10 3 )(90) = 1134 x 10 -1 = 113.4 cm 3

Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura kwakakura kupfuura mudziyo wearuminiyamu zvekuti mvura inodururwa.

Verenga huwandu hwemvura yakadururwa:

113.4 cm 3 – 12.960 cm 3 = 100.44 cm 3

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  1. Kuchinja zviyero zvekupisa
  2. Linear kuwedzera
  3. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo
  4. Kuwedzera inzwi
  5. Heat
  6. Kuenzana kwekupisa kwemuchina
  7. Kupisa kwakananga uye kugona kupisa
  8. Kupisa kwakahwanda, kupisa kwekusanganiswa, kupisa kwekupfuta
  9. Kuchengetedza simba rekutamisa kupisa

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