Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kuchinja kwemvura - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Mudziyo wakazadzwa nemvura uye pane buri , sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kukurumidza nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti kuri 10 ms ^-2 , kumhanya kwemvura kuburikidza neburi iroro chii?

Zvinozivikanwa: Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 1

Kureba (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 metres

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura (v)

Solution:

Dzidziso yaTorricelli inoti mvura inobva mugomba nekumhanya kwakafanana nekwechinhu chinodonha chisina kuenzana kubva pakukwirira kwakafanana. Kureba (h) = 85 cm – 40 cm = 45 cm = 0.45 metres

Kumhanya kwemvura kunoverengwa uchishandisa equation yekufamba kwemvura yakasununguka :

v _t² = 2 gh

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(0.45) = 9

v _t = √9 = 3 m/s

2. Mudziyo wakazadzwa nemvura uye pane buri, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kukurumidza nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti kuri 10 ms ^-2 , chii chinonzi kumhanya kwemvura kuburikidza neburi iroro?

Zvinozivikanwa: Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 2

Kureba (h) = 1.5 m – 0.25 m = 1.25 mamita

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura (v)

Solution:

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(1.25) = 25

v _t = √25 = 5 m/s

3. Mudziyo wakazadzwa nemvura uye pane buri, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kukurumidza nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti kuri 10 ms ^-2 , chii chinonzi kumhanya kwemvura kuburikidza neburi iroro?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba (h) = 1 m – 0.20 m = 0.8 mamita Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 3

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura (v)

Solution:

v _t² = 2 gh = 2(10)(0.8) = 16

v _t = √16 = 4 m/s

4. Mudziyo wakazadzwa nemvura uye pane buri, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kukurumidza nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti kuri 10 ms ^-2 , chii chinonzi kumhanya kwemvura kuburikidza neburi iroro?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba (h) = 20 cm = 0.2 metres Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 4

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura (v)

Solution:

5. Chirongo chakazadzwa nemvura uye pane maburi maviri , sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Chiyero che x ₁ kusvika x ₂ chii?

Mhinduro

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 6

Nguva yekudonha kwemvura isina kudonha kubva pagomba 1: Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 7

h = 1/2 pa ²

0.8 = 1/2 (10) t ²

0.8 = 5 t ²

t ² = 0.8 / 5 = 0.16

t = masekondi maviri

Nguva yekudonha kwemvura isina kudonha kubva pagomba 2:

h = 1/2 pa ²

0.5 = 1/2 (10) t ²

0.5 = 5 t ²

t ² = 0.5 / 5 = 0.1

t = √0.1 sekondi

Daro rakatwasuka (x):

x ₁ = v ₁ t ₁ = (2)(0.4) = 0.8 mamita

x ₂ = v ₂ t ₂ = (√10)(√0.1) = (10)(0.1) = mita imwe

Chiyero che x ₁ kusvika x ₂ :

x ₁_: x ₂ = 0.8: 1 = 8: 10 = 4: 5

Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi

6. Mvura inoyerera nemupombi ine dhayamita dzakasiyana, A kusvika B uyezve kuenda kuC. Chiyero cheA kusvika kuC ndeche8 : 3. Kana kumhanya kwemvura mupombi A kuri v, kumhanya kwemvura mupombi C chii.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo yeA (A)_A= = 8 Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 8

Nzvimbo yeC (A _C ) = 3

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi A (v _A ) = v

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi C (v _C )

onawo Hukuru uye kutungamira kweminda yemagetsi - matambudziko nemhinduro

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi:

A _A v _A = A _C v _C

8 v = 3 v _C

v _C = 8/3 v

7. Kana kumhanya kwemvura mupombi ine dhayamita ye 12 cm kuri 10 cm/s, kumhanya kwemvura mupombi ine dhayamita ye 8 cm chii?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Dhayamita 1 (d ₁ ) = 12 cm, radius 1 (r ₁ ) = 6 cm

Dhayamita 2 (d ₂ ) = 8 cm, radius 2 (r ₂ ) = 4 cm

Kumhanya kwemvura 1 (v ₁ ) = 10 cm/s

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura 2 (v ₂ )

Solution:

Nzvimbo 1 (A ₁ ) = π r ² = π 6 ² = 36π masendimita ²

Nzvimbo 2 (A ₂ ) = π r ² = π 4 ² = 16π masendimita ²

Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi:

A ₁ vs ₁ = A ₂ vs ₂

(36π)(10) = (16π) v ₂

(36)(10) = (16) v ₂

360 = (16) v ₂

v ₂ = 360/16

v ₂ = 22.5 cm/s

8. Mvura inoyerera nemupombi ine dhayamita yakasiyana, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana nzvimbo 1 (A ₁ ) = 8 cm ² , A ₂ = 2 cm ² uye kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 2 = v _{2 = 2 m/s saka kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 1 = v}₁ chii.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nzvimbo 1 (A)₁) = 8 cm²

Nzvimbo 2 (A ₂ ) = 2 cm ²

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 2 (v ₂ ) = 2 m/s

Zvinodiwa: kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 1 (v ₁ )

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi:

A ₁ vs ₁ = A ₂ vs ₂

8 v ₁ = (2)(2)

8 v ₁ = 4

v ₁ = 4 / 8 = 0.5 m/s

9. Kana dhayamita yepombi hombe yakapetwa kaviri kupfuura dhayamita yepombi diki, chii chinoita kuti mvura imhanye papombi diki.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Dhayamita yepombi hombe (d)₁= = 2 Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 10

Nharaunda yepombi hombe (r ₁ ) = ½ d ₁ = ½ (2) = 1

Nzvimbo yepombi hombe ( A ₁ ) = π r ₁² = π (1) ² = π (1) = π

Dhayamita yepombi diki (d ₂ ) = 1

Nharaunda yepombi diki (r ₂ ) = ½ d ₂ = ½ (1) = ½

Nzvimbo yepombi diki ( A ₂ ) = π r ₂² = π (1/2) ² = π (1/4) = ¼ π

Kumhanya kwemvura papombi hombe ( v ₁ ) = 4 m/s

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura papombi diki ( v ₂ )

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwekuenderera mberi:

A ₁ vs ₁ = A ₂ vs ₂

π 4 = ¼ π (v ₂ )

4 = ¼ (v ₂ )

v ₂ = 8 m/s

Pfungwa nekuenzanisa kwaBernoulli

10. Mvura inopombwa necompressor ye120 kP ichipinda mupombi yepasi (1) uye inoyerera ichikwira nekumhanya kwe1 m/ s. Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti i10 m/ s uye huwandu hwemvura i1000 kg/m ^-3 . Chii chinonzi kumanikidzwa kwemvura papombi yepamusoro (II ).

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nharaunda yepombi yepasi (r)₁) = 12 cm Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 11

Nharaunda yepombi yepasi (r ₂ ) = 6 cm

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi yepasi (p ₁ ) = 120 kPa = 120,000 Pascal

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi yepasi (v ₁ ) = 1 ms ^-1

Kureba kwepombi yepasi (h ₁ ) = 0 m

Kureba kwepombi yepamusoro (h ₂ ) = 2 m

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Kuwanda kwemvura = 1000 kg.m ^-3

Zvinodiwa: Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi 2 (p ₂ )

Solution:

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 2 kunoverengerwa ne equation yekuenderera mberi:

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 12

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi 2 kunoverengwa uchishandisa equation yeBernoulli:

onawo Kufamba mundege yakakotama pasina simba rekukweshana - kushandiswa kwemutemo waNewton wematambudziko ekufamba uye mhinduro

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 13

11. Pombi hombe iri pamusoro pevhu nemamita mashanu uye pombi diki iri pamusoro pevhu. Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi hombe ndeye 36 km/h nekumanikidzwa kwe9.1 x 10 ⁵ Pa, ukuwo kumanikidzwa mupombi diki kuri 2.10 ⁵ Pa. Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi diki chii ? Kuwanda kwemvura = 10 ³ kg/ ^m3

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi hombe (p)₁) = 9.1 x 10⁵Pascal = 910,000 maPascal Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 14

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi diki (p ₂ ) = 2 x 10 ⁵ Pascals = 200,000 Pascals

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi hombe (v ₁ ) = 36 km/h = 36(1000)/(3600) = 36000/3600 =10 m/s

Kureba kwepombi hombe (h ₁ ) = -4 mamita

Kureba kwepombi diki (h ₂ ) = 0 mamita

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Kuwanda kwemvura = 1000 kg/ ^m3

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi diki (v ₂ )

Solution:

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi diki (v ₂ ) kunoverengwa uchishandisa equation yaBernoulli:

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 15

12. Pombi ine radius ye 15 cm yakabatana neimwe pombi ine radius ye 5 cm. Dzose dziri munzvimbo yakatwasuka. Kumhanya kwekuyerera kwemvura mupombi hombe i 1 m ^/ s pakumanikidzwa kwe 10 ⁵ N/ m2 . Chii chinonzi kumanikidzwa kwemvura papombi diki (1 g cm ^-3 )

Zvinozivikanwa:

Nharaunda yepombi hombe (r ₁ ) = 15 cm = 0.15 m

Nharaunda yepombi diki (r ₂ ) = 5 cm = 0.05 m

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi hombe (p ₁ ) = 10 ⁵ N m ^-2 = 100.000 N m ^-2

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi hombe (v ₁ ) = 1 ms ^-1

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Kuwanda kwemvura = 1 gr cm ^-3 = 1000 kg m ^-3

Musiyano wehurefu (Δh) = 0.

Zvinodiwa: Kumanikidzwa mupaipi diki (p ₂ )

Solution:

Kumhanya kwemvura mupombi 2 kunoverengwa uchishandisa equation yekuenderera mberi:

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 16

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura mupombi diki (p ₂ ) kunoverengwa uchishandisa equation yaBernoulli:

Maitiro emvura - matambudziko nemhinduro 17

Chii chinonzi fluid dynamics?
- Pindura: Kuchinjana kwemvura (fluid dynamics) ibazi refizikisi rinoongorora kufamba kwemvura (zvinwiwa nemagasi) nemasimba anoshanda pazviri. Rinosanganisira misimboti nemaequation anotsanangura kuti mvura inoyerera sei, inosangana sei nemiganhu yakasimba, uye inokanganisa sei imwe neimwe.
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pe "laminar" ne "turbulent flow"?
- Pindura: Kuyerera kweLaminar kunoratidzwa nezvikamu zvakatsetseka, zvakafanana zvemvura inofamba munzira dzakarongeka. Kuyerera kwemhepo, kune rumwe rutivi, hakuna kurongeka, kune mafungu, kutenderera, uye kuchinja-chinja nekukurumidza. Kutenderera kunowanzoitika pakumhanya kwakanyanya kana mumigero isina chimiro chakajairwa.
Pfungwa ye viscosity inokosha sei mukutenderera kwemvura?
- Pindura: Kusimba kunoyera kuramba kwemvura kusingachenuki kana kuyerera. Mvura ine viscosity yakawanda (senge huchi) inodzivirira kuyerera kupfuura mvura ine viscosity yakaderera (senge mvura). Mukuchinja kwemvura, viscosity inoita basa rakakosha pakuona rudzi rwekuyerera kwemvura, kupararira kwesimba, uye masimba ekudhonza.
Chii chinonzi musimboti waBernoulli?
- Pindura: Nheyo yaBernoulli inoti mukuyerera kwakasimba, huwandu hwesimba rekumanikidzwa, simba rekinetic, uye simba rinogona kuenderera pahuwandu hweyuniti hunoramba hwakafanana. Kunyanya, kana kumhanya kwemvura kwakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, uye zvinopesana.
Pfungwa yekusimudza muaerodynamics inobatana sei nekuchinja kwemvura?
- Pindura: Kukwidzwa kwemapapiro endege kunogona kutsanangurwa uchishandisa musimboti waBernoulli nemutemo wechitatu waNewton. Mhepo painoyerera pamusoro pemapapiro, inofamba nekukurumidza pamusoro penzvimbo yakakombama kupfuura pasi, zvichiita kuti pave nemusiyano wekumanikidzwa. Musiyano uyu mukumanikidzwa, pamwe chete nekudzika kwemhepo nemapapiro, zvinoguma nesimba rekukwira kana kukwira.
Chii chinonzi equation yekuenderera mberi mu fluid dynamics?
- Pindura: Equation yekuenderera mberi inotaura kuti chigadzirwa chenzvimbo inoyambuka (A) yekuyerera uye kumhanya kwayo (v) zvinoramba zvakafanana pamwe chete nekuyerera kwakadzikama. Pamasvomhu, $A_{1} v_{1} = A_{2} v_{2}$ , apo $A_{1}$ uye $A_{2}$ inzvimbo dzakayambuka uye $v_{1}$ uye $v_{2}$ ndiwo kumhanya kwemhepo panzvimbo mbiri dziri pedyo nerwizi.
Nhamba yaReynolds inoita basa rei mukutenderera kwemvura?
- Pindura: Nhamba yaReynolds huwandu husina chiyero hunobatsira kufanotaura hurongwa hwekuyerera (laminar, transitional, kana turbulent) mukutenderera kwemvura. Inotsanangurwa sechiyero chemasimba asina simba kune masimba ane viscous uye zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sekumhanya kwemvura, kureba kwehunhu, uye hunhu hwemvura.
Simba rekudhonza rinoshanda sei pazvinhu zviri kufamba mumvura?
- Pindura: Simba rekudhonza rinopesana nekufamba kwechinhu kuburikidza nemvura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuramba kwakasimba kwemvura uye musiyano wekumanikidzwa kwakakomberedza chinhu. Hukuru uye hunhu hwekudhonza zvinoenderana nezvinhu zvakaita sechimiro chechinhu, kuomarara, kumhanya, uye hunhu hwemvura.
Chii chinonzi mhedzisiro yeVenturi?
- Pindura: Chinoti Venturi effect chinoreva kudzikira kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoitika kana mvura ichiyerera nepakati pechikamu chakamanikana chepombi. Sezvo kumhanya kwemvura kuchiwedzera muchikamu chakamanikana (nekuda kwekuchengetedzwa kwehukuru), kumanikidzwa kwayo kunoderera zvichienderana nepfungwa yaBernoulli.
Sei mvura ichikurumidza kana ichiyerera nepachikamu chakamanikana chepombi kana mugero?

Pindura: Maitiro aya anogona kutsanangurwa nepfungwa yekuchengetedza huremu. Mukuyerera kwakadzikama, huwandu hwemvura inopinda muchikamu chepombi hunofanira kuenzana nehuwandu hunobuda. Kana pombi iri diki, mvura inofanira kukurumidza kuti vhoriyamu imwe chete ipfuure nepakati panguva yakatarwa.