Zvimiro zvemvura - matambudziko nemhinduro

Zvimiro zvemvura - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kumanikidzwa kwemvura

1. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekumanikidzwa kweropa kwehydrostatic pakati peuropi netsoka dzemunhu ane hurefu hwe165 cm (ngatitii huwandu hweropa = 1.0 × 10 ³ kg/m3 ^, kukurumidza nekuda kwegiravhiti = 10 m/ ^s2 )

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kureba (h) = 165 cm = 165/100 m = 1.65 metres

Kuwanda kweropa (ρ) = 1.0 × 10 ³ kg/ ^m3

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kuda: kumanikidzwa kwemvura

Solution:

P = ρ gh

P = (1.0 × 10 ³ )(10)(1.65)

P = (1.0 × 10 ⁴ )(1.65)

P = 1.65 x 10 ⁴ N/m ²

Pombi yeU

2. Pombi yeAU inotanga yazadzwa nemvura pane imwe pombi yakazadzwa nemafuta, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kuwanda kwemvura kuri 1000 kg/m3 ^. Kana kureba kwemafuta kuri 8 cm uye kukwirira kwemvura kuri 5 cm, huwandu hwemafuta hupi?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwemvura = 1000 kg.m ^-3

Kureba kwemvura (h ₂ ) = 5 cm

Kureba kwemafuta (h ₁ ) = 8 cm

Zvinodiwa: kuwanda kwemafuta

Solution:

ρ ₁ gh ₁ =ρ ₂ gh ₂

ρ ₁ awa ₁ =ρ ₂ awa ₂

(1000)(5) = (ρ ₂ )(8)

5000 = (ρ ₂ )(8)

ρ ₂ = 625 kg.m ^-3

3. Pombi yeAU yakatanga yazadzwa neparafini yobva yawedzerwa mvura. Kana huremu hweparafini huri 0.8 gramu/cm3 ^uye huwandu hwemvura huri 1 gramu/cm3 ^uye nzvimbo yepakati iri 1.25 cm2 ^. Sarudza kuti imvura yakawanda sei inofanira kuwedzerwa kuitira kuti musiyano wekukwirira kweparafini uve 15 cm .

A. 9 ml

B. 12 ml

C. 15 ml

D. 18 ml

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kweparafini (ρ ₁ ) = 0.8 gram/ ^cm3

Kuwanda kwemvura (ρ ₂ ) = 1 gram/ ^cm3

Nzvimbo yechikamu chepombi e = 1.25 cm ²

Musiyano wekukwirira kwepamusoro peparafini (h ₁ ) = 15 cm

Zvinodiwa: Huwandu hwemvura

Solution:

Kureba kwemvura (h2 ₎ :

ρ ₁ gh ₁ = ρ ₂ gh ₂

(0,8)(15)(1)(h ₂ )

h ₂ = 12 cm

Huwandu hwemvura:

V = ( Nzvimbo yechikamu chepombi e ) (kukwirira kwemvura)

V = (1.25 cm ² )(12 cm)

V = 15 cm ³

1 litre = 1 dm ³ = 10 ³ cm ³

1 milliliter = 10 ^-3 marita s = (10 ^-3 )(10 ³ ) cm ³ = 1 cm ³

Huwandu hwemvura i15 cm ³ = 15 milliliters

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti C.

4. Pombi U yakazadzwa nemvura ine density ye1000 kg/m3 ^. Koramu imwe yepombi U yakazadzwa neglycerin ine density ye1200 kg/m3 ^. Kana kureba kweglycerin kuri 4 cm, sarudza musiyano wekukwirira kwekoramu dzese dziri mbiri dzepombi.

A. 0.8 cm

B. 4 cm

C. 8 cm

Kureba 12 cm

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwemvura (ρ ₁ ) = 1000 kg/ ^m3

Kuwanda kweglycerin (ρ ₂ ) = 1200 kg/ ^m3

Kureba kweglycerin (h ₂ ) = 4 cm

Zvinodiwa: Musiyano wekukwirira kwembiru dzese dziri mbiri dzepombi.

Solution:

Kureba kwembiru yepombi (h ₁ ):

ρ ₁ awa ₁ = ρ ₂ awa ₂

(1000)(h ₁ ) = (1200)(4)

(1000)(h ₁ ) = 4800

h ₁ = 4.8 cm

Musiyano wekukwirira kwemakoramu ese ari maviri epombi U = h ₁ – h ₂ = 4.8 cm – 4 cm = 0.8 cm

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeinoti A.

5. Pombi U ine magumo maviri akavhurika akazadzwa nemvura ine huremu hwe1 g/cm3 ^. Nzvimbo yechikamu iri papombi yakafanana, kureva 1 cm2 ^. Mumwe munhu anofuridza pamucheto mumwe wetsoka yepombi kuitira kuti pamusoro pemvura iri patsoka imwe ikwire 10 cm kubva panzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Kana kukurumidza nekuda kwegiravhiti kuri 10 m/s2 saka sarudza simba rinoitwa nemunhu iyeye.

A. 20 kilodynes

B. 10 kilodynes

C. 2 kilodynes

D. 1 kilodyne

Zvinozivikanwa:

Chinja mayuniti ese kuita system yepasi rose.

Kuwanda kwemvura (ρ ₁ ) = 1 gr/cm ³ = 10 ^-3 kg / 10 ^-6 m ³ = 10 ³ kg/m ³

Nzvimbo yepombi (A) = 1 cm ² = 10 ^-4 m ²

Kuchinja kwekoramu yepombi (h) = 10 cm = 1 dm = 10 ^-1 m

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2 = 10 ¹ ms ^-2

Huwandu hwemvura inofamba (V) = (A)(h) = (1 cm ² )(10 cm) = 10 cm ³ = (10 ¹ )(10 ^-6 m ³ ) = 10 ^-5 m ³

Aidiwa: Simba (F) rinoitwa nemunhu.

Solution:

Simba rakaitwa nemunhu iyeye = huremu hwemvura ine hurefu hwe10 cm

F = w

F = mg —–> Equation ye density : m = ρ V

F = ρ V g

F = (10 ³ )(10 ^-5 )(10 ¹ )

F = (10 ⁴ )(10 ^-5 )

F = 10 ^-1 Newton —–> 1 Newton = 10 ⁵ dynes

F = (10 ^-1 )(10 ⁵ dyne)

F = 10 ⁴ dynes

F = 10 kilodynes

Mhinduro chaiyo ndeiyi B.

6. Chubhu yakaita seY inopinzwa yakakotama pasi kuitira kuti tsoka yekuruboshwe netsoka yerudyi zvinyikwe mumhando mbiri dzemvura. Mushure mekunge tsoka dzese dzanyikwa mumvura, ipapo pamusoro pepombi yeY panobva pavharwa nemunwe wodhonzwa kumusoro, kuitira kuti makumbo maviri epombi yeY azadzwe nekoramu yemvura dzakasiyana-siyana dzine density. Kana density yemvura yekutanga iri 0.80 gram.cm ^-3 uye density yechipiri iri 0.75 gram.cm ^-3 , uye koramu yemvura yepasi iri 8 cm, saka sarudza musiyano wekukwirira pakati pemakoramu maviri emvura paU pip e.

A. 1.0666 cm

B. 0.9375 cm

C. 0.3533 cm

Kureba 0.5333 cm

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwemvura yekutanga (ρ ₁ ) = 0,80 gram.cm ^-3

Kuwanda kwemvura yechipiri (ρ ₂ ) = 0,75 gram.cm ^-3

Kureba kwemvura yakaderera (h ₁ ) = 8 cm

Zvinodiwa: Musiyano wehurefu pakati pemakoramu maviri emvura ari paU pip e

Solution:

Kureba kwemvura yakakwira (h2 ₎ :

ρ ₁ awa ₁ = ρ ₂ awa ₂

(0.80)(8) = (0.75)(h ₂ )

6.4 = 0.75 ( _h2 )

h ₂ = 6.4 / 0.75

h ₂ = 8.5 cm

Musiyano wehurefu hwezvinwiwa = h ₂ – h ₁ = 8.5333 cm – 8 cm = 0.5333 cm

Mhinduro chaiyo ndiD.

Simba rinopa simba

7. Dombo rine vhoriyamu ye 0.5 m3 ^rakaiswa mumvura ine density ye 1.5 gr cm ^{– 3} . Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negravity ndeye 10 ms ^{- 2} . Chii chinonzi simba rinopfungaira?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Vhoriyamu yedombo (V) = 0.5 m ³

Kuwanda kwemvura (ρ) = 1.5 gr cm ^–3 = 1500 kg m ^-3

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 ms ^-2

Zvinodiwa: simba rinopfungaira ( _FA )

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwesimba rinopfungaira:

F _A = ​​​​ρ g V = (1500 kg m ^-3 )(10 ms ^-2 )(0.5 m ³ ) = 7500 kg m/s ² = 7500 Newtons

Float

8. Chidimbu chechando chinoyangarara mugungwa sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kuwanda kwegungwa i1.2 gr cm ^–3 uye kuwanda kwechando i0.9 gr c ^–3 . Huwandu hwechando mumvura yegungwa = ……. x huwandu hwechando mumhepo.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kuwanda kwegungwa (ρ _gungwa ) = 1.2 gr cm ^–3

Kuwanda kwechando (ρ _ice ) = 0.9 gr c ^–3

Zvinodiwa: Huwandu hwechando mumvura yegungwa = ……. x huwandu hwechando mumhepo.

Solution:

Huwandu hwechando mugungwa = 0.75

Huwandu hwechando mumhepo = 0.25

Huwandu hwechando mumvura yegungwa = 3 x huwandu hwechando mumhepo (3 x 0.25 = 0.75).

9. Chinhu chinoyangarara mumvura ine 2/3 yechinhu chiri mumvura. Kana huwandu hwechinhu chacho huri 0.6 gr cm ³ , saka huwandu hwemvura chii.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Chikamu chechinhu chiri mumvura = 2/3

Kuwanda kwechinhu = 0.6 gr cm ³ = 600 kg m ³

Zvinodiwa: huwandu hwemvura (x)

Solution:

Kuwanda kwemvura iyi 900 kg ^m3

10. Huni dzinoyangarara mumvura, uko 3/5 chikamu chehuni chiri mumvura. Kana huwandu hwemvura huri 1 × 10 ³ kg/m3 ^, huwandu hwehuni hwakaita sei?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Chikamu chechinhu chiri mumvura = 3/5

Kuwanda kwemvura = 1×10 ³ kg/m3 ⁼ 1000 kg/ ^m3

Zvinodiwa: Kuwanda kwehuni (x)

Solution:

Kuwanda kwehuni i600 kg/m ³ = 6 x 10 ² kg/m ³

1. Chii chinonzi fluid statics?
   • Pindura: Fluid statics, inozivikanwawo se hydrostatics, ibazi re fluid mechanics rinoongorora fluids pazororo uye simba rinoitwa ne static fluids pazvinhu zvakanyudzwa nemadziro emidziyo.
2. Kumanikidzwa mumvura kunosiyana sei nekudzika kwayo?
   • Pindura: Mumvura isingachinji, kumanikidzwa kunowedzera zvakananga nekudzika nekuda kwehuremu hwechikamu chemvura chiri pamusoro pehudzamu hwakatarwa. Kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa nekudzika kunopiwa ne $\Delta P=\rho gh$, apo $\rho$ huwandu hwemvura, $g$ kukurumidza kwegiravhiti, uye $h$ ndiko kudzika.
3. Chii chinonzi musimboti waPascal?
   • Pindura: Nheyo yaPascal inoti kuchinja kwekumanikidzwa kunoshandiswa pamvura yakavharwa kunopfuudzwa kuzvikamu zvese zvemvura uye kumadziro emudziyo wayo.
4. Kusimudza hydraulic kunoshanda sei zvichibva pamitemo ye fluid statics?
   • Pindura: Kusimudza kwe hydraulic kunoshandisa musimboti waPascal. Kana simba diki rikaiswa papiston diki, rinoita kuti mvura iwedzere kudzvanywa. Kudzvanywa uku kunopfuudzwa kusingaderedzi mumvura yese, zvichiita kuti piston yakakura ishandise simba guru, zvichiita kuti kusimudza zvinhu zvinorema kusimudze pasina simba rakawanda.
5. Chii chinonzi simba rinopfungaira uye rine hukama sei ne fluid statics?
   • Pindura: Simba rinopfungaira ndiro simba rinokwira rinoitwa nemvura pachinhu chipi nechipi chakanyudzwa. Zvichienderana nepfungwa yaArchimedes, simba rinopfungaira pachinhu rakaenzana nehuremu hwemvura inobviswa nechinhu chacho.
6. Sei zvinhu zvichiyangarara kana kunyura mumvura?
   • Pindura: Kana chinhu chichiyangarara kana kunyura zvinoenderana nehukama huripo pakati pesimba rinoyangarara nehuremu hwechinhu chacho. Kana simba rinoyangarara (nekuda kwemvura yakabviswa) rakakura kupfuura huremu hwechinhu chacho, chinoyangarara. Kana huremu hwechinhu chacho hwakakura, chinoyangarara.
7. Chii chinonzi hydrostatic pressure?
   • Pindura: Kumanikidzwa kwemvura (hydrostatic pressure) kumanikidzwa kunoitwa nemvura iri payakazorora nekuda kwesimba regiravhiti. Kunowedzera zvakanangana nekudzika kwemvura iri mumvura, uye kunoverengerwa se P=P₀​+ρgh, apo P₀​ kumanikidzwa kuri pamusoro, $\rho$ huwandu hwemvura, $g$ kukurumidza kwegiravhiti, uye $h$ ndiko kudzika.
8. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakabatana sei ne fluid statics?
   • Pindura: Mhepo inogona kufungidzirwa semvura. Kumanikidzwa kwemhepo ndiko kumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nehuremu hwemhepo pamusoro penzvimbo yakatarwa. Kunoderera nekukwirira, zvakafanana nekudzikira kwesimba mumvura kana munhu achifamba achikwira muchikamu chemvura.
9. Chimiro chemudziyo chinoita basa rei pakupararira kwekumanikidzwa kwemvura isingachinji mukati mawo?
   • Pindura: Mukuongorora kwemvura, kumanikidzwa pahudzamu hwakatarwa kunongoenderana nekukwirira kwekoramu yemvura pamusoro pehudzamu ihwohwo, kwete chimiro chemudziyo. Saka, kumanikidzwa pahudzamu hwakatarwa kwakafanana pasinei nechimiro chemudziyo.
10. Chii chinorehwa nehydrostatic paradox?

• Pindura: Dambudziko rehydrostatic rinoratidza kuti mu fluid statics, simba rinoitwa nemvura isingachinji pasi pemudziyo rinoenderana chete nekukwirira kwekoramu yemvura, kwete huwandu hwayo kana chimiro chemudziyo. Saka, midziyo yakasiyana kwazvo ine urefu hwakafanana hwemvura inoshandisa kumanikidzwa kwakafanana pasi payo, kunyangwe kana iine huwandu hwakasiyana hwemvura.