Carnot cycle - matambudziko nemhinduro

Carnot cycle - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Kana kupisa kukatorwa neinjini (Q ₁ ) = 10,000 Joules, ibasa rei rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot?

Anozivikanwa:

Tembiricha yakaderera (T ₂ ) = 400 K

Kupisa kwakanyanya (T ₁ ) = 800 K

Kupinza kupisa (Q ₁ ) = 10,000 Joules

Zvinodiwa: Basa rinoitwa neCarnot engine (W)

Solution:

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:

Basa rakaitwa neCarnot engine:

W = e Mubvunzo ₁

W = (1/2)(10,000) = 5000 Joule

2.

Zvichibva pagirafu iri pamusoro, ibasa ripi rinoitwa neinjini mudenderedzwa?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Tembiricha yakaderera (T _L ) = 400 K

Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ = 600 K

Kupinza kupisa (Q ₁ ) = 600 Joules

Zvaidiwa: Basa rakaitwa neCarnot engine (W)

Solution:

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:

Basa rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot:

W = e Mubvunzo ₁

W = (1/3)(600) = 200 Joule

3. Zvichibva pagirafu iri pazasi, injini yeCarnot inoshanda sei?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Tembiricha yakaderera (T _L ) = 350 K

Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ = 500 K

Zvinodiwa: Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot (e)

Solution:

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (500 - 350) / 500

e = 150 / 500

e = 0.3

e = 30/100 = 30%

4. Zvichibva pagirafu iri pazasi, tembiricha yepamusoro yeinjini yekupisa i600 K uye tembiricha yakaderera i400 K. Kana basa rinoitwa neinjini iri W, chii chinobuda mukupisa?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Tembiricha yakaderera (T _L ) = 400 K

Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ = 600 K

Zvinodiwa: kupisa kunobuda ( _Q2 )

Solution:

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (600 - 400) / 600

e = 200 / 600

e = 1/3

Basa rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot:

W = e Mubvunzo ₁

W = basa rinoitwa neinjini, e = kushanda zvakanaka, Q1 = kupisa

W = (1/3)(Mubvunzo ₁ )

3W = Q ₁

Kupisa kunobuda:

Mubvunzo ₂ = Mubvunzo ₁ – Kureba

Mubvunzo ₂ = 3W – W

Mubvunzo ₂ = 2W

5. Zvichibva pagirafu iri pazasi, kana kupisa kuri maJoules mazana matatu, chii chinonzi kupisa?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Tembiricha yakaderera (T)_L) = 500 K

Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ = 800 K

Kupisa kunobuda (Q ₂ ) = 3000 Joules

Zvinodiwa: Kupinza kupisa (Q ₁ )

Solution:

Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot:

e = (TH _– TH ₎ / _TH

e = (800 – 500) /8600

e = 300 / 800

e = 3/8

Basa rinoitwa neinjini yeCarnot:

W = e Mubvunzo ₁

W = (3/8)(Mubvunzo ₁ )

8W/3 = Q ₁

Mubvunzo ₂ = Mubvunzo ₁ – Kureba

Mubvunzo ₂ = 8W/3 – 3W/3

Mubvunzo ₂ = 5W/3

3Q ₂ = 5W

W = 3Q _2/5 = 3(3000)/5 = 9000/5 = 1800

Kupisa kunotorwa neinjini:

Mubvunzo ₁ = W + Mubvunzo ₂ = 1800 + 3000 = 4800 Joules

6. Injini yeCarnot inonwisa kupisa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe800 Kelvin uye kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot ndeye 50%. Chii chinonzi kupisa kwakanyanya kuwedzera kushanda zvakanaka kusvika 80% kana kupisa kwakaderera kukachengetwa kwakafanana?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kana tembiricha yakakwira (TH ₎ = 800 K, kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 50% = 0.5

Zvinodiwa: Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ kana kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 80% = 0.8

Solution:

Tembiricha yakaderera = 400 Kelvin

Chii chinonzi tembiricha yepamusoro (TH ₎ kana kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 80%?

Kupisa kwakanyanya = 2000 Kelvin

7. Injini yeCarnot inoshanda pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe600 Kelvin uye kushanda zvakanaka kwe40%. Kana kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini kuri 75% uye tembiricha yakaderera ichiramba yakafanana, tembiricha yepamusoro chii?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Kana tembiricha yakakwira (TH ₎ = 600 K, kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 40% = 0.4

Zvinodiwa: Kupisa kwakanyanya (TH ₎ kana kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 75% = 0.75

Solution:

Tembiricha yepamusoro (T)_H) kana kushanda zvakanaka (e) = 75% ?

Kupisa kwakanyanya = 1440 Kelvin

1. Chii chinonzi Carnot cycle? mhinduro: Kutenderera kweCarnot idenderedzwa redzidziso rethermodynamic rinomiririra kutenderera kweinjini yekupisa kunoshanda zvakanyanya. Rine maitiro maviri eisothermal uye maitiro maviri eadiabatic.
2. Sei kutenderera kweCarnot kuchionekwa sedanho rakakodzera? mhinduro: Kutenderera kweCarnot kunoonekwa sekwakakodzera nekuti kunomiririra muganho wepamusoro wekushanda zvakanaka kweinjini ipi neipi yekupisa. Hapana injini chaiyo inogona kushanda zvakanaka kupfuura injini yeCarnot inoshanda pakati pematangi maviri ekupisa akafanana.
3. Ndeapi maitiro mana ari muCarnot cycle? mhinduroMaitiro mana ari muCarnot cycle ndeaya:
   1. Kuwedzera kweIsothermal pakupisa kwakanyanya T_H​.
   2. Kuwedzerwa kweAdiabatic (uko sisitimu yacho inodzivirirwa nekupisa uye inotonhorera).
   3. Kudzvanywa kweIsothermal patembiricha yakaderera T_C​.
   4. Kudzvinyirirwa kweAdiabatic (uko sisitimu yacho inodzivirirwa nekupisa uye inopisa).
4. Sei pasina injini chaiyo yekupisa inoshanda paCarnot cycle? mhinduro: Injini chaidzo dzine kurasikirwa kusingadzoreki, kwakadai sekukweshana, uye hadzigone kuchengetedza insulation yakakwana panguva yeadiabatic processes. Uyezve, hazvingagoneki kuwana maitiro anononoka asingaperi e isothermal anodiwa neCarnot cycle.
5. Injini yeCarnot inoshanda sei? mhinduro: Kushanda zvakanaka $\eta$ yeinjini yeCarnot inoshanda pakati pematangi maviri ekupisa T_H​ (inopisa) uye T_C​ (chitonhora) inopiwa na:
   η=1-T_C/T_H​​​

   uko tembiricha dziri muKelvin.

6. Sei injini yeCarnot isingakwanise kushanda zvakanaka zvizere? mhinduro: Kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yeCarnot kunoenderana nemusiyano wekupisa uripo pakati pematangi anopisa neanopisa. Kuti ibudirire zvizere, tembiricha yetangi inotonhora inofanira kunge iri zero chaiyo (0 Kelvin), izvo zvisingawanikwe mukushanda.
7. Chii chinorehwa nekudzoserwa shure muCarnot cycle? mhinduro: Kugona kudzoka kunoita kuti pasave nemaitiro ekugadzira entropy, zvinoreva kuti kutenderera uku kunogona kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo. Chero maitiro asingadzoreki anogona kuderedza kushanda zvakanaka kwedenderedzwa.
8. Kutenderera kweCarnot kwakabatana sei nemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics? mhinduro: Kutenderera kweCarnot kunotsigira Mutemo Wechipiri nekuisa muganho wepamusoro pakushanda zvakanaka kwemainjini ekupisa. Mutemo Wechipiri unoti hapana injini inogona kushanda zvakanaka kupfuura injini yeCarnot inoshanda pakati pekupisa kuviri kwakafanana.
9. Sei zvisingabviri kuva nemaitiro e-isothermal mumashandisirwo chaiwo sezvaanoonekwa muCarnot cycle? mhinduro: Maitiro e-isothermal, sezvakaratidzwa muCarnot cycle, anoda nguva isingaperi, izvo zvisingashande mukushandiswa kwenyika chaiyo. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuchengetedza mamiriro e-isothermal, kutamiswa kwekupisa kunofanirwa kuitika zvishoma nezvishoma.

10. Kutenderera kweCarnot kunobatsira sei mainjiniya nemasayendisiti? Mhinduro : Kutenderera kweCarnot kunopa chiyero chedzidziso chekushanda zvakanaka kweinjini dzinopisa. Nekuenzanisa mainjini chaiwo neCarnot cycle, mainjiniya nemasayendisiti vanogona kuona nzvimbo dzekuti vagadzirise uye kunzwisisa miganhu mikuru yemagadzirirwo avo.