Chilankhulo cha Anthu mu Nthawi ya Digito
Anthropology ya zilankhulo ndi nthambi ya sayansi yomwe imaphunzira chilankhulo ngati chikhalidwe cha anthu. Cholinga chake chimapitirira kapangidwe ka zilankhulo—monga galamala kapena mawu—komanso momwe anthu amagwiritsira ntchito chilankhulo popanga umunthu, kukambirana maubwenzi amphamvu, kulimbikitsa mgwirizano, ndikupanga tanthauzo m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku. Pamene kuyanjana kwa anthu kukuchulukirachulukira m'malo a digito, anthropology ya zilankhulo yapeza "labotale" yatsopano yayikulu: malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, mapulogalamu otumizirana mauthenga mwachangu, masewera apa intaneti, ma forum, komanso malo ogwirira ntchito. Nthawi ya digito sikuti ikusintha momwe timalankhulirana kokha, komanso kusintha zomwe zimapanga chilankhulo, yemwe ali ndi ufulu wolankhula, komanso momwe tanthauzo limamangidwira.
Chilankhulo ngati njira yolankhulirana ndi anthu m'malo a digito
Kuchokera ku lingaliro la chikhalidwe cha anthu , chilankhulo nthawi zonse chimakhala mkati mwa nkhani: ndani akulankhula, kwa ndani, pachifukwa chiti, mu mkhalidwe wanji, ndi njira iti yomwe ikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu malo a digito, nkhaniyi yasintha. Kulankhulana sikulinso kogwirizana nthawi zonse (mwamsanga), koma nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosagwirizana: wina amatumiza uthenga tsopano, ndipo umawerengedwa mphindi kapena maola angapo pambuyo pake. Chifukwa chake, njira zolankhulirana nazonso zasintha. Anthu amatha kupanga ziganizo "zosankhidwa" asanatumize, kapena m'malo mwake kudalira mauthenga afupiafupi komanso osavuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, kulankhulana kwa digito kumakulitsa kwambiri omvera. Nkhani ikhoza kuwerengedwa ndi mabwenzi apamtima, akuluakulu, alendo, komanso ma algorithms omwe amasunga ndikugawa zomwe zili. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale vuto la "kugwa kwa nkhani," komwe malire pakati pa magawo ovomerezeka ndi osavomerezeka, achinsinsi ndi a anthu nthawi zambiri amasokonekera. Anthropology ya zilankhulo imaphunzira momwe ogwiritsa ntchito amasinthira kalembedwe kawo ka chilankhulo kuti alankhule ndi omvera osiyanasiyana—mwachitsanzo, posankha mawu osalowerera ndale, kuyika nthabwala, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu osavuta omwe amawonetsa "dera," kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe a "mabwenzi apamtima" kuti abwezeretse malire achinsinsi.
Multimodality: pamene chilankhulo sichili cholembedwa chabe
Nthawi ya digito yapangitsa kuti kulankhulana kukhale kosiyanasiyana: tanthauzo siliperekedwa kudzera m'mawu okha, komanso kudzera m'zithunzi, makanema, zomata, ma emoji, ma GIF, mawu, komanso mawonekedwe monga "quote tweets" kapena "duets." Mu macheza, emoji imodzi imatha kusintha kamvekedwe ka uthenga kuchoka pa nkhani yaikulu kupita pa nkhani yoseketsa, kapena kuthetsa mkangano womwe ungachitike. Ma GIF a Reaction atha kukhala mayankho ovuta—osonyeza zoseketsa, zodabwitsa, kapena zothandizira—popanda kufunikira ziganizo zazitali.
Anthropology ya zilankhulo ikufuna kudziwa momwe zinthuzi zimakhalira mbali ya "galamala" yatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, zilembo zazikulu zimatha kuwonetsa kugogomezera kapena mkwiyo; zilembo zotalikitsa ("capekkkkk") zimasonyeza mphamvu yamaganizo; nthawi zina nthawi yomwe uthenga umatumizidwa imawonedwa ngati yozizira kapena yankhanza. Zinthu zazing'onozi zimapanga makhalidwe abwino a digito ndi miyambo yolumikizirana yomwe imaphunziridwa kudzera muzochita za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Kudziwika, kalembedwe, ndi "umunthu" wa digito
Pa malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, anthu samangolankhulana komanso amadziwonetsera okha. Chilankhulo cha anthu chimafufuza momwe anthu amadziwikira kudzera mu kusankha zilankhulo: kugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo za m'madera osiyanasiyana kusonyeza kuyandikira ndi komwe zinachokera; kusakaniza ma code a ku Indonesia ndi Chingerezi kuti asonyeze kukonda dziko, maphunziro, kapena umembala m'dera linalake; ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mawu okhudza ma fandom, masewera, kapena zikhalidwe zina.
Anthu a pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amagawidwa m'magulu. Wina akhoza kukhala katswiri pa LinkedIn, woseketsa pa X, komanso wochezeka m'gulu la WhatsApp la banja. Malo aliwonse ali ndi malamulo ake, ndipo ogwiritsa ntchito amachita "kusintha kalembedwe" kuti asinthe. Apa ndi pomwe chilankhulo chimakhala chida chofunikira pokambirana "kuti ndine ndani" kwa omvera osiyanasiyana.
Madera a pa intaneti ndi kubadwa kwa mitundu yatsopano ya zilankhulo
Madera a pa intaneti amalimbikitsa luso la chilankhulo. Mawu achingelezi, zidule, ndi ma meme amafalikira mofulumira m'madera osiyanasiyana. Mawu kapena ziganizo zina zimakhala zizindikiro za umembala: kumvetsetsa kumatanthauza kukhala wamkati, osati kumvetsetsa kumatanthauza kukhala wakunja. Mwachitsanzo, mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera a K-pop, zipinda zamasewera, kapena malo osungira ndalama angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati "mawu achinsinsi" ochezera.
Kuphatikiza apo, chikhalidwe cha meme chimasonyeza njira zatsopano zopangira tanthauzo la gulu. Ma meme ambiri amagwira ntchito kudzera mu mgwirizano wa malemba—kutchula zochitika zakale, chidule cha zokambirana za kanema, kapena ma tempuleti odziwika bwino. Anthropology ya zilankhulo imaphunzira momwe maumboni ogawanawa amalimbikitsira mgwirizano, komanso ngati zida zochotsera anthu omwe sadziwa bwino nkhaniyi.
Chilankhulo, mphamvu, ndi ma algorithms
Nthawi ya digito imasonyezanso ubale wapadera wa mphamvu. Kumbali imodzi, intaneti imapereka malo kwa anthu omwe kale anali oponderezedwa. Kumbali ina, nsanja za digito zili ndi malamulo, kuchepetsa, ndi ma algorithms omwe amakhudza omwe akuwoneka. Chilankhulo cha anthu chimafufuza momwe chilankhulo chimagwirira ntchito ndi machitidwe awa: mawu ena amatha "kuletsedwa" ndi mfundo za nsanja, zomwe zimapangitsa ogwiritsa ntchito kupanga mawu ofotokozera kapena "ma code" kuti apewe kuletsa ndikuperekabe mauthenga.
Ma algorithms amalimbikitsanso njira zina zolankhulirana. Zomwe zili mwachidule, zokhudzana ndi maganizo, kapena zoyambitsa zimakhala "zokwezeka" kwambiri. Izi zitha kusintha momwe anthu amalembera: mitu yosangalatsa, ziganizo zazifupi, kapena kugwiritsa ntchito ma hashtag. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a chikhalidwe cha anthu, kusintha kumeneku sikungokhala zochitika chabe, koma zotsatira za kukambirana pakati pa zolinga zolankhulirana za anthu ndi malingaliro aukadaulo a nsanjayo.
Ulemu, mikangano, ndi makhalidwe abwino a chilankhulo pa intaneti
Malamulo a ulemu m'malo ochezera a pa intaneti nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndi omwe amaonekera pamasom'pamaso. Kusowa kwa zizindikiro zosalankhula kungayambitse kusamvetsetsana. Mawu onyodola ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa, nthabwala zimatha kuoneka ngati zonyoza, kapena mauthenga amatha kuonedwa ngati amwano. Chifukwa chake, ogwiritsa ntchito amapanga njira: kuwonjezera mawu osonyeza kukhudzidwa, kulemba "wkwk" kapena "lol" kusonyeza kusasamala, kugwiritsa ntchito moni kuti muchepetse zopempha, kapena kupereka kufotokozera.
Mikangano ya pa intaneti nthawi zambiri imakula chifukwa cha kusadziwika komanso mtunda pakati pa anthu. Zochitika monga "kuwotcha," kunyoza, ndi kuzunza anthu pa intaneti zimasonyeza momwe chilankhulo chingakhalire chida cha nkhanza zophiphiritsira. Anthropology ya zilankhulo sikuti imangofotokoza mitundu iyi komanso imafunsa kuti: ndi miyambo iti yomwe imalola chiwawa? Kodi madera amachita bwanji? Kodi ozunzidwa amakambirananso bwanji za umunthu wawo ndi mawu awo?
Zilankhulo za m'madera osiyanasiyana, kubwezeretsedwa kwa moyo, ndi mavuto a digito
Kusintha zinthu m'ma digito kumatsegula mwayi kwa zilankhulo za m'madera ndi zazing'ono kuti zipulumuke ndikukula. Madera amatha kupanga zinthu m'zilankhulo zakomweko, kuphunzitsa kudzera m'mavidiyo afupiafupi, kapena kukhazikitsa mabwalo okambirana. Kusunga zinthu m'madijito—kudzera m'madikishonale apaintaneti, nkhani zolembedwa, ndi zolemba pakamwa—ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakubwezeretsa chinenero.
Komabe, mavuto amabuka: kulamulira kwa zilankhulo zina pa nsanja zapadziko lonse lapansi, chithandizo chochepa cha zilembo kapena kiyibodi pa zolemba zakomweko, komanso kukakamizidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi zilankhulo "zamsika" kuti ziwonjezere kufalikira kwa zomwe zili mkati. Anthropology ya zilankhulo imayang'ana momwe olankhula zilankhulo zazing'ono amagwirizanirana kufunikira kowonekera ndi kuyesetsa kusunga zenizeni ndi chikhalidwe.
Njira yofufuzira: digito ethnography
Kuti amvetse chilankhulo m'nthawi ya digito, maphunziro a anthu a zilankhulo apanga njira yophunzirira za anthu pa intaneti. Ofufuza amatha kuwona zokambirana m'mabwalo, kutsatira momwe magulu amasewera amagwirira ntchito, kusanthula ndemanga, kapena kufunsa mafunso ogwiritsa ntchito za machitidwe awo a zilankhulo. Komabe, njira yophunzirira za anthu pa intaneti imafuna kusamala ndi makhalidwe abwino: malire pakati pa anthu onse ndi achinsinsi nthawi zonse samveka bwino, deta imakopedwa mosavuta, ndipo kusadziwika kuyenera kutetezedwa. Chilolezo, chitetezo cha deta, ndi momwe kafukufuku amakhudzira anthu ammudzi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri.
Kutseka
Kuphunzira za chikhalidwe cha anthu m'nthawi ya digito kumatithandiza kuona kuti kusintha kwa kulankhulana sikungokhala kwaukadaulo, koma chikhalidwe. Chilankhulo chimayenda ndi njira yolankhulirana: kukhala mwachangu, kukhala ndi njira zambiri, komanso kugwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo za nsanja. Nthawi yomweyo, chilankhulo chimapitiriza kukwaniritsa ntchito zake zazikulu: kupanga umunthu, kuyang'anira ubale wa anthu, komanso kukambirana mphamvu. Mwa kumvetsetsa machitidwe a chilankhulo m'malo a digito, titha kuwerenga momwe anthu amakhalira masiku ano—kuphatikizapo mwayi wophatikizana, zoopsa za mikangano, ndi zovuta zosungira kusiyana kwa zilankhulo—momveka bwino komanso mozama.
