Kusintha kwa Chilankhulo mu Anthu
Chilankhulo si chida chongopereka mauthenga, komanso chimasonyeza moyo wa anthu. Pamene chikhalidwe cha anthu chikusintha—kaya chifukwa cha ukadaulo, zachuma, maphunziro, kusamuka, kapena chikhalidwe chodziwika—chilankhulo chimasintha. Ichi ndichifukwa chake timaona kusiyana kwa momwe anthu amalankhulira kuchokera ku mibadwomibadwo kupita ku ina, kapena kuchokera ku gulu lina kupita ku lina. Kusintha kwa chilankhulo m'gulu la anthu ndi chinthu chachilengedwe, chopitilira, komanso chosatha, chifukwa chilankhulo chimakhala mkati mwa chikhalidwe cha anthu nthawi zonse.
Chilankhulo ngati dongosolo losinthasintha
Kawirikawiri anthu amaganiza kuti chilankhulo "chabwino" ndi chomwe sichisintha. Komabe, chilankhulo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mbiri yosintha. Mawu omwe kale anali ofala amatha kukhala achikale, pomwe mawu omwe kale ankaonedwa kuti ndi achilendo amakhala ofala. Kusintha kumatha kuchitika m'mawu, katchulidwe, kapangidwe ka ziganizo, komanso tanthauzo la mawu. Mwachitsanzo, mawu oti "unggah" ankagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pankhani yokweza chinthu, koma tsopano amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'njira zama digito monga "kukweza zithunzi" kapena "kukweza mafayilo." Kusinthaku kukuwonetsa kuti kusintha kwa chilankhulo nthawi zambiri kumayendetsedwa ndi zosowa zatsopano m'gulu la anthu.
Zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kusintha kwa chilankhulo
Kusintha kwa chinenero sikumachitika mwangozi. Kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe nthawi zambiri zingapo zimagwira ntchito limodzi.
1. Kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo ndi zoulutsira nkhani
Ukadaulo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinenero chisinthe masiku ano. Kupezeka kwa intaneti, malo ochezera a pa Intaneti, mapulogalamu ochezera, ndi chikhalidwe cha digito kwathandiza kuti mawu atsopano ayambe kuonekera komanso kusintha mitundu ya zilankhulo. Mawu monga "selfie," "gai," "daring," kapena "luring" ayamba kutchuka ngati njira yopezera mayina a zinthu zatsopano. Pakadali pano, mawu obwereketsa monga "streaming," "link," "subscribe," kapena "DM" nawonso afalikira chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa nsanja zapadziko lonse lapansi.
Malo ochezera a pa Intaneti amalimbikitsanso zizolowezi zolankhula mwachidule, mwachangu, komanso momveka bwino. Ogwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri amafupikitsa mawu (monga, "gpp," "btw," "idk"), amagwiritsa ntchito zizindikiro, kapena kuphatikiza Chiindoneziya ndi zilankhulo zakunja. Mitundu yolankhulirana yomwe kale inali yosavomerezeka ingafalikire m'njira zodziwika bwino, makamaka pakati pa achinyamata.
2. Kulumikizana ndi chilankhulo ndi chikhalidwe
Kulumikizana kwa zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana kumachitika pamene olankhula zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana akulankhulana kwambiri. Ku Indonesia, kuyanjana kwamtunduwu kwakhala kukuchitika kwa nthawi yayitali chifukwa anthu athu ndi azilankhulo zosiyanasiyana. Zilankhulo za m'madera osiyanasiyana, Chiindoneziya, ndi zilankhulo zakunja zimakhudzana. Zotsatira zake, mawu obwereka kapena osakaniza amatuluka. Mwachitsanzo, mawu ambiri ochokera ku Chiarabu, Chisanskrit, Chidatchi, ndi Chingerezi aphatikizidwa mu Chiindoneziya.
M'mizinda ikuluikulu kapena m'madera a m'malire, kusakaniza ma code nthawi zambiri kumakhala kofala. Anthu amatha kusintha kuchoka ku Chiindoneziya kupita ku chilankhulo chawo, kenako n'kuyika mawu a Chingerezi kuti agwirizane ndi mutuwo kapena munthu amene akulankhula naye. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kusiyana kwa zilankhulo, komanso zimayambitsa mkangano wokhudza kuyera kwa zilankhulo.
3. Kusuntha kwa anthu komanso kusamukira kumizinda
Kusamuka kwa anthu kuchokera kumidzi kupita kumizinda, kapena kuchokera kudera lina kupita ku lina, kumabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilankhulo. M'madera amizinda, anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito zilankhulo zomwe zimaonedwa kuti sizofala komanso zodziwika bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti Indonesian ikhale yolamulira. Komabe, mawu ndi mawu am'deralo amawonjezerabe mtundu. Kukula kwa mizinda kumatha kufooketsa zinthu zina za zilankhulo za m'madera pakati pa achinyamata, pomwe nthawi yomweyo kumabweretsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zilankhulo za m'mizinda.
Kusinthasintha kwa anthu kumakhudzanso kusankha mawu ndi kalankhulidwe. Munthu amatha kusintha kalembedwe ka chinenero chake kuti chigwirizane ndi malo omwe amaphunzirira, ntchito yake, kapena dera lake. Chilankhulo nthawi zambiri chimakhala chizindikiro cha umunthu wake.
4. Maphunziro ndi mfundo za chilankhulo
Maphunziro amatenga gawo lalikulu pakukhazikitsa chinenero. Kudzera m'masukulu, anthu amaphunzitsidwa kalembedwe, galamala, ndi mitundu yovomerezeka yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba ndi zochitika zovomerezeka. Ndondomeko za chinenero—monga kukhazikitsa mawu ofanana kapena malangizo a kalembedwe—zimathandizanso kusunga bata ndi kumvetsetsana.
Komabe, chilankhulo chokhazikika sichimaletsa kusintha; chimangolamulira kagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madera enaake. Kunja kwa malo ovomerezeka, anthu akupitiriza kupanga ndikupanga kusiyana kwa zilankhulo zatsopano. Ndipotu, kusamvana pakati pa chilankhulo chokhazikika ndi chilankhulo cha tsiku ndi tsiku nthawi zambiri kumapanga malo osinthira.
5. Zinthu zokhudzana ndi mibadwo ndi kudziwika kwa gulu
Mbadwo uliwonse uli ndi makhalidwe akeake a chilankhulo. Achinyamata nthawi zambiri amakhala patsogolo pa zatsopano za chilankhulo chifukwa amachita nawo ntchito zaubwenzi, chikhalidwe chodziwika bwino, komanso njira zofalitsira nkhani pa intaneti. Mawu oti Slang ndi chizindikiro cha kudziwana komanso njira yodzisiyanitsa ndi magulu ena. Mawu ngati "gabut," "baper," "mager," kapena "julid" ankaonedwa kuti ndi osavomerezeka, koma kuyambira pamenepo akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo amawonekeranso m'manyuzipepala.
Kusintha koteroko kumasonyeza kuti chilankhulo chimagwirizana kwambiri ndi umunthu. Gulu likafuna kuonetsa kuti lili pafupi kapena kuti lili pafupi, limapanga njira yapadera yolankhulira.
Mitundu ya kusintha kwa chinenero
Kusintha kwa chilankhulo kungawonekere m'njira zazikulu zotsatirazi.
1. Kusintha kwa mawu (mawu ofotokozera)
Uwu ndi mtundu wosavuta kuuona: mawu atsopano amatuluka, mawu akale amasowa, kapena mawu akale amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza matanthauzo atsopano. Mawu atsopano angachokere chifukwa cha kuyamwa, kupanga mawu, kapena kufupikitsa. Mwachitsanzo, "ojol," "pinjol," "kulinganiza ntchito ndi moyo," kapena "kuchiritsa" kwakhala ndi tanthauzo lalikulu m'makambirano a tsiku ndi tsiku.
2. Kusintha kwa tanthauzo (masemantics)
Mawu amatha kufupikitsa, kukulitsa, kapena kusintha tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, mawu oti "virus," omwe poyamba ankagwirizanitsidwa ndi kufalikira kwa kachilombo, tsopano nthawi zambiri amatanthauza "kutchuka mwachangu pa intaneti." Mawu oti "toxic" afalikiranso tanthauzo, kuchokera ku mawu a mankhwala kupita ku chizindikiro cha khalidwe loipa kapena ubale.
3. Kusintha kwa mawu ndi katchulidwe (phonological)
Mu chilankhulo cholankhulidwa, katchulidwe ka mawu kamatha kusintha pakapita nthawi, makamaka chifukwa cha mphamvu ya chilankhulo, kuchuluka kwa mawu, kapena zizolowezi zamagulu. Nthawi zina kusintha kumeneku kumakhala kovuta kuzindikira chifukwa kumachitika pang'onopang'ono. Komabe, pakapita nthawi, kusiyana kwa katchulidwe kungayambitse kusiyana kwa madera kapena chikhalidwe.
4. Kusintha kwa kalembedwe
Kapangidwe ka ziganizo ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka mawu nakonso kungasinthe. Mwachitsanzo, pokambirana mwachisawawa, anthu amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito ziganizo zazifupi komanso zozungulira (zigawo zina za chiganizo sizimamveka chifukwa zimamveka kale). Mu dziko la digito, izi zikukulirakulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziganizo zatsopano zizimveka ngati "zabwinobwino" m'malo ena.
Zotsatira za kusintha kwa chilankhulo m'gulu la anthu
Kusintha kwa chilankhulo kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino komanso zovuta.
Kumbali ina, kusintha kumapangitsa kuti chilankhulo chikhale chofunikira. Chilankhulo chomwe chingathe kugwiritsa ntchito mawu atsopano chimakhala chokonzeka bwino kuthana ndi chitukuko cha sayansi, ukadaulo, ndi chikhalidwe. Kusintha kumawonjezeranso mawonekedwe, kulola anthu kutchula zokumana nazo zatsopano m'njira zatsopano.
Komabe, kusintha kungayambitsenso kusamvana pakati pa mibadwo kapena magulu a anthu. Anthu osadziwa bwino mawu atsopano angamve ngati asiyidwa. Kuphatikiza apo, kulamulira kwa zilankhulo zakunja m'malo ena kungayambitse nkhawa yokhudza kufooka kwa zilankhulo zadziko kapena zachigawo. Vuto lina ndi momwe mungasungire luso lolankhula bwino pazifukwa zamaphunziro ndi zaukadaulo popanda kusiyanitsa mitundu yosavomerezeka yomwe imapezeka kwambiri m'mayanjano a anthu.
Kuyankha mwanzeru kusintha kwa chilankhulo
Kusintha kwa chilankhulo sikuyenera kuonedwa ngati sitepe yobwerera m'mbuyo nthawi yomweyo. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuthekera kosintha kusiyana kwa chilankhulo kuti chigwirizane ndi mkhalidwewo. M'malo ovomerezeka—monga makalata ovomerezeka, mapepala asayansi, kapena malo ophunzirira—chilankhulo chokhazikika chimathandiza kusunga kumveka bwino komanso kumvetsetsa. M'malo osavuta, chilankhulo chosakanikirana kapena chilankhulo chosakanikirana chingalimbikitse kuyandikana kwa anthu.
Nzeru za chilankhulo zimatanthauza kumvetsetsa kuti munthu m'modzi akhoza kuphunzira zilankhulo zingapo nthawi imodzi. Izi si chizindikiro cha kusagwirizana, koma chizindikiro cha luso lolankhulana. Anthu odziwa bwino zilankhulo adzatha kusintha kuti agwirizane ndi kusintha popanda kutaya maziko awo a zilankhulo.
Kutseka
Kusintha kwa chilankhulo m'gulu la anthu ndi njira yachilengedwe yomwe imasonyeza momwe moyo wa anthu umakhalira. Ukadaulo, kulumikizana ndi chikhalidwe, kuyenda, maphunziro, ndi kudziwika ndi gulu zimayendetsa chilankhulo kuti chisinthe nthawi zonse. Kusinthaku kungawonekere m'mawu, tanthauzo, katchulidwe, komanso galamala. M'malo moopa kusintha, tingamvetse ngati gawo la chitukuko cha anthu. Mwa kusunga mgwirizano pakati pa chilankhulo chokhazikika ndi mitundu ya tsiku ndi tsiku, anthu amatha kulankhulana bwino pamene akusunga kulemera kwa chilankhulo ngati kudziwika kofanana.
