Ngā Tikanga Kore-Taurite i roto i ngā Tatauranga
Ko te tatauranga he peka o te pāngarau e pā ana ki te kohikohi, te tātari, te whakamārama, me te whakaaturanga raraunga. Ka taea te wehewehe whānui i ngā tikanga tatauranga ki ngā wāhanga matua e rua: ngā tikanga taupū me ngā tikanga kore-taupū. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tikanga kore-taupū i roto i ngā tatauranga, me te tūhura i ō rātou mātāpono taketake, ngā tono, me ngā painga me ngā ngoikoretanga.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Tikanga Kore-Taurite
Ko ngā tikanga kore-taurite, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā tatauranga kore-tohatoha, he tikanga kāore e whakaaro ana ki tētahi āhua tohatoha motuhake mō te taupori e whakamatautauria ana. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ko ngā tikanga taurite pēnei i te whakamātautau-t me te ANOVA e whakaaro ana ko ngā raraunga i ahu mai i tētahi tohatoha noa. Ki te kore e tutuki tēnei whakaaro, ka kore pea ngā hua o te tātari e whai mana. He tino whai hua ngā tikanga kore-taurite ina kāore he mōhiohio mō te āhua o te tohatoha raraunga, ina rānei kāore te tohatoha raraunga e whai i tētahi tohatoha noa.
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Tikanga Kore-Taurite
1. Kāore e Whakaaetia he Tohatoha Motuhake: Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o ngā tikanga kore-tawhā ko te kore e whakapae i te tohatoha taupori. Ko te tikanga he ngāwari ake, ā, ka taea te whakamahi me te whānuitanga o ngā raraunga.
2. Whai Hua mō ngā Tauira Iti: He nui ake te whai hua o ngā tikanga kore-taapiri mō ngā tauira iti, ina uaua te whakamātautau, te whakatinana rānei i te whakaaro o te tohatoha noa.
3. Te Whakamahi i ngā Tūranga: He maha ngā tikanga kore-taurangi e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā tūranga raraunga kaua ki ngā uara tūturu. Nā tēnei ka tino whai hua rātou mō ngā raraunga raupapa, ngā raraunga rānei kei roto ngā raraunga tino rerekē.
4. Pakari: He maha ngā wā ka ātete ake ēnei tikanga ki ngā uara o waho me ngā uara tino nui atu i ngā tikanga tawhā, ā, ka kaha ake ai te tātari raraunga.
Ngā Whakamātautau Kore-Taurite e Whakamahia Ana
He maha ngā tikanga kore-taurite e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rangahau tatauranga. Ko ētahi o aua tikanga ko ngā whakamātautau e whai ake nei:
1. Whakamātautau Tūnga Waitohu Wilcoxon
Ka whakamahia tēnei whakamātautau hei whakatairite i ngā tauira e rua e hono ana, e takirua ana rānei, ina koa kāore e taea te whakatutuki i te whakaaro o te āhua noa. He huarahi kē atu tēnei ki te whakamātautau-t takirua, kāore i te taurite.
2. Whakamātautau U Mann-Whitney
He whakamātautau tēnei e whakamahia ana hei whakatairite i ngā tauira motuhake e rua. He huarahi kē atu tēnei ki te whakamātautau-t me ngā tauira motuhake e rua.
3. Whakamātautau Kruskal-Wallis
E whakamahia ana tēnei whakamātautau hei ako i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā rōpū motuhake e toru, neke atu rānei. He huarahi kē atu tēnei ki te ANOVA ara-kotahi, kāore i te taurite.
4. Whakamātautau Friedman
E pā ana ki ngā raraunga kua tāruatia, ki ngā raraunga rānei me ngā inenga kua tāruatia i runga i te kaupapa kotahi. He huarahi kē atu tēnei ki te ANOVA inenga kua tāruatia.
5. Whakamātautau Chi-Square (χ²)
He mea tino noa i roto i te tātari raraunga kāwai te whakamātautau i te tū motuhake, i te pai rānei o te taunga.
Ngā tono i roto i ngā mara rerekē
Rangahau Hauora
I roto i ngā rangahau hauora, he maha ngā wā kāore ngā raraunga e rite ki te tohatoha noa nā te iti o ngā tauira, nā te koretake rānei o ngā tohatoha. Mā ngā tikanga kore-taurite ka taea e ngā kairangahau te tātari raraunga me te kore e manukanuka ki te tohatoha. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te whakamātautau U Mann-Whitney hei whakatairite i te whai huatanga o ngā rongoā e rua me te kore e whakaaro ko te rerekētanga o te whai huatanga e whai ana i te tohatoha noa.
Ngā Pūtaiao Pāpori
I roto i te hapori me te hinengaro, he maha ngā wā he raupapa ngā raraunga, ā, kāore e rite ki te whakaaro o te tohatoha noa. Hei tauira, he pai ake te tātari i ngā raraunga rangahau i runga i te tauine Likert mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kore-taurite pērā i te whakamātautau Kruskal-Wallis i te ANOVA.
Ōhanga me te Pakihi
I roto i te ōhanga me te pakihi, he maha ngā wā ka mahi mātou me ngā raraunga kāore i te tohatoha noa, inā koa ka mahi tahi me ngā raraunga kounga, raraunga kāwai rānei. Ka taea te whakamahi i ngā tikanga kore-taurite pēnei i te whakamātautau Chi-square hei whakamātautau i te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā taurangi kāwai e rua, pēnei i te tātari i te awe o ngā āhuatanga taupori ki ngā manakohanga hoko a te kaihoko.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o ngā Tikanga Kore-Taurite
Te taikaha
1. Ngāwari: He tino ngāwari ngā tikanga kore-tawhā nā te mea kāore e hanga whakapae pakari mō te tohatoha raraunga. Nā tēnei ka whai hua i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga.
2. Pakari ki ngā uara o waho: He pakari ake ngā tikanga kore-tawhā ki ngā uara o waho me ngā uara tino nui, ka whakapiki ake i te pono o ngā hua.
3. Whaihuatanga: Mō ngā raraunga raupapa, ngā raraunga rānei he tauine kāore i te tino mārama, ka whakaratohia e ngā tikanga kore-tawhā he huarahi whaihua, whai hua hoki mō te tātari.
4. Whakamahinga Whānui: He maha ngā whakamātautau kore-taapiri ka taea te whakamahi ki ngā momo raraunga me ngā raruraru rangahau.
Te kore
1. Te Whai Hua o te Tatauranga: Ahakoa he ngāwari ake ngā tikanga kore-taurite, he iti ake te whai huatanga o ngā tikanga tatauranga i ngā tikanga taurite. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, me nui ake pea ngā tauira hei kite i te pānga ōrite.
2. Kāore e whakarato i ngā whakatau tata tawhā: Ko tētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga matua o ngā tikanga kore-tawhā ko te kore e whakarato i ngā whakatau tata o ngā tawhā taupori pēnei i te toharite me te rerekētanga.
3. Te Whakamārama Iti o ngā Hua: I ētahi wā, ka uaua ake, ka iti ake rānei te whakamārama i ngā hua mai i ngā whakamātautau kore-taurangi i ētahi horopaki i ngā tikanga taurangi.
4. Ngā Here o te Whakawhānui: I ētahi wā, ka uaua ake te whakawhānui i ngā hua o ngā tikanga kore-tawhā ki tētahi taupori whānui, inā koa he tino motuhake te tikanga ki ngā raraunga e akohia ana.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mahi a ngā tikanga kore-taurite i roto i te tātari raraunga tatauranga, inā koa i ngā wā kāore e taea te whakatutuki i ngā whakapae mō te tohatoha raraunga, i ngā wā rānei he raraunga raupapa. Nā te ngāwari, te pakari ki ngā mea o waho, me te whānui o te whakamahinga, ka waiho hei taputapu tino whai hua i roto i te kete taputapu tātari tatauranga.
Heoi anō, he maha ngā herenga o ēnei tikanga, tae atu ki te iti o te whai huatanga o te tatauranga me ngā herenga ki te whakamārama i ngā hua. Nō reira, ko te whiriwhiri i waenga i ngā tikanga kore-taurite me ngā tikanga taurite me hanga i runga i ngā āhuatanga o ngā raraunga me ngā whāinga o te tātari.
Mā te mārama pai ki ngā kaha me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia tikanga, ka taea e ngā kairangahau te whiriwhiri i te huarahi tino tika mō ā rātou tātari raraunga, me te whakarite kia tika, kia pono hoki ngā hua ka puta.
