Me pēhea te whakatau i te toharite, te toharite rānei i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga
Ko te toharite tētahi o ngā mehua e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te ia matua i roto i te pāngarau, te tatauranga, me te oranga o ia rā. Ina kīia e te tangata "te māka toharite o te akomanga" me "ngā whakapaunga toharite o ia marama," ko te toharite te tikanga. Mā tēnei ariā tātou e āwhina ki te mārama ki te tirohanga whānui o tētahi huinga raraunga mā te whakarāpopoto i ngā uara maha ki tētahi tau kotahi, hei tohu. Heoi, ahakoa he māmā noa iho te ahua, me whai mahi tika te whakatau i te toharite, inā koa he rerekē ngā whakatakotoranga o ngā raraunga, pērā i te raraunga takitahi, te raraunga auau , te raraunga rōpū rānei. E whakamārama ana tēnei tuhinga me pēhea te whakatau i te toharite i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga, me ngā tauira hei whakangāwari ake i te mārama.
Te Mārama ki te Toharite (Toharite)
Ko te toharite te uara i whiwhi mā te tāpiri i ngā raraunga katoa, kātahi ka wehea mā te maha o ngā tohu raraunga. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te toharite nā te mea he ngāwari ki te tatau, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te ia whānui o tētahi huinga raraunga. I roto i ngā tuhi pāngarau, ka tuhia te toharite ki te tohu \(\bar{x}\) (e kīia ana ko "x bar").
Ko te tātai whānui mō te toharite mō ngā raraunga takitahi ko:
\[
\bar{x} = \frac{\sum x}{n}
\]
Ngā Mōhiohio:
– \(\tapeke x\) = te tapeke o ngā uara raraunga katoa
– \(n\) = te nui o ngā raraunga
Ara, ko te toharite ko te "uara katoa" ka wehea ki te "maha o ngā uara".
1. Te Whakatau i te Toharite i roto i te Raraunga Takitahi
Ko te raraunga takitahi he kohinga uara kua tuhia pērā tonu, kāore i te whakarōpūtia ki roto i tētahi ripanga auau . He tino māmā te tatau i te toharite i runga i ngā raraunga takitahi .
Tauira:
Ko ngā hua pāngarau mō ngā ākonga e rima ko: 70, 80, 75, 85, 90.
Tātaihia te toharite-tēnei
Hipanga:
1. Tāpirihia ngā uara katoa:
70 + 80 + 75 + 85 + 90 = 400
2. Tatauhia he nui ngā raraunga:
n = 5
3. Wehea te maha o ngā raraunga ki te maha o ngā raraunga:
\(\bar{x} = 400 / 5 = 80\)
Nō reira, ko te uara toharite ko te 80.
Ngā tohutohu nui:
– Me whakarite kia tika te tāpiri i ngā raraunga katoa.
– Kaua e wareware ki te tatau i te nui o ngā raraunga, ina koa mēnā he tino nui.
2. Te Whakatau i te Toharite i roto i ngā Raraunga Auautanga
I ētahi wā, kāore ngā raraunga e whakaaturia takitahi, engari he uara me tōna auau (te maha o ngā wā e puta ai te uara). Ka kiia tēnei he raraunga auau. I tēnei wā, kāore mātou e tāpiri takitahi i ngā uara, engari ka whakareatia te uara ki te auau.
Te tātai toharite mō ngā raraunga auau:
\[
\bar{x} = \frac{\tapeke (x \cdot f)}{\tapeke f}
\]
Ngā Mōhiohio:
– \(x\) = uara raraunga
– \(f\) = te auau o te putanga mai o te uara
– \(\sum (x \cdot f)\) = te tapeke o ngā hua o te whakarea i te uara me te auau
– \(\tāpeke f\) = auautanga katoa (te tapeke o ngā raraunga)
Tauira:
Ripanga o ngā uara me ngā auau:
| Uara (x) | Auautanga (f) |
|———-:|—————–:|
| 60 | 2 |
| 70 | 3 |
| 80 | 4 |
| 90 | 1 |
Tātaihia te toharite.
Hipanga:
1. Tātaihia \(x \cdot f\) mō ia rarangi:
– 60 × 2 = 120
– 70 × 3 = 210
– 80 × 4 = 320
– 90 × 1 = 90
2. Tāpirihia ngā hua:
\(\tapeke (x \cdot f) = 120 + 210 + 320 + 90 = 740\)
3. Tāpirihia ngā auau katoa:
\(\tapeke f = 2 + 3 + 4 + 1 = 10\)
4. Tohaina:
\(\bar{x} = 740 / 10 = 74\)
Nō reira, ko te toharite o ngā raraunga ko 74.
3. Te Whakatau i te Toharite i roto i ngā Raraunga Rōpū (Wāhanga Akomanga)
Mō ngā raraunga nui, ka whakaritea kia rite ki ngā wā akomanga , pērā i te 50–59, 60–69, me ērā atu. Ka kiia tēnei ko ngā raraunga rōpū. Hei tatau i te toharite o ngā raraunga rōpū, ka whakamahia e mātou te pūwāhi waenga (te uara pokapū) o ia akomanga hei huinga raraunga māngai.
Ko te tātai mō te toharite o ngā raraunga rōpū:
\[
\bar{x} = \frac{\tapeke (x_i \cdot f_i)}{\tapeke f_i}
\]
Ngā Mōhiohio:
– \(x_i\) = pūwāhi waenga akomanga
– \(f_i\) = te auau o te akomanga
Me pēhea te kimi i te pūwāhi waenga:
\[
x_i = \frac{\text{rohe o raro} + \text{rohe o runga}}{2}
\]
Tauira:
Ripanga raraunga kua whakarōpūtia:
| Wā | Auautanga (f) |
|———:|—————–:|
| 50–59 | 4 |
| 60–69 | 6 |
| 70–79 | 8 |
| 80–89 | 2 |
Hipanga:
1. Whakatauhia te pūwāhi o ia wā:
– 50–59 → \((50+59)/2 = 54,5\)
– 60–69 → \((60+69)/2 = 64,5\)
– 70–79 → \((70+79)/2 = 74,5\)
– 80–89 → \((80+89)/2 = 84,5\)
2. Whakareatia te pūwaenga ki tōna auau:
– 54,5 × 4 = 218
– 64,5 × 6 = 387
– 74,5 × 8 = 596
– 84,5 × 2 = 169
3. Tāpirihia katoatia:
\(\tapeke (x_i f_i) = 218 + 387 + 596 + 169 = 1370\)
4. Tāpirihia ngā auau:
\(\tapeke f = 4 + 6 + 8 + 2 = 20\)
5. Tātaihia te toharite:
\(\bar{x} = 1370 / 20 = 68,5\)
Nō reira, ko te toharite o ngā raraunga kua whakarōpūtia ko 68,5.
4. Ngā Mea hei Aro Mātou Ina Tatau Ana i te Toharite
Ahakoa te āhua māmā o te tātai toharite, he maha ngā mea nui hei whakarite kia tika ngā hua tātai:
1. He tairongo te toharite ki ngā uara tino nui
Mena he tino nui, he tino iti rānei ngā uara (ngā uara o waho), ka tino rerekē te toharite. Hei tauira, ka piki ake te whiwhinga moni toharite mena he tino nui te whiwhinga moni a te tangata.
2. Kia tika te momo raraunga
He pai te toharite mō ngā raraunga tau (ngā tau). Mō ngā raraunga kāwai pēnei i te "tae tino pai" me te "momo waka" rānei, kāore e taea te whakamahi i te toharite.
3. Whakamahia te whakaawhiwhi mēnā e tika ana
I roto i ngā raraunga rōpū, he maha ngā wā he ira tekau te toharite. Whakaawhiwhia te toharite ina hiahiatia (hei tauira, ki ngā ira tekau e rua).
4. Tirohia anō te auau katoa
I roto i ngā raraunga auau, i ngā raraunga rōpū rānei, he hapa noa te tāpiri hē i ngā auau, ka hua ake he wehewehe hē.
5. Te Whakamahinga o te Toharite i roto i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Kāore te toharite e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā akomanga pāngarau anake, engari i roto anō hoki i ngā mara maha:
– Mātauranga: te whakatau i ngā hua whakamātautau toharite a ngā ākonga.
– Ōhanga: te tatau i te whiwhinga toharite, te utu toharite o ngā taonga.
– Hauora: te toto toto toharite, te kaha kai toharite.
– Ngā Hākinakina: ngā tohu toharite mō ia kēmu.
– Pakihi: te toharite o ngā hoko o ia rā, o ia marama rānei.
Mā te mārama ki te toharite, ka taea e tātou te whakatau kaupapa i runga i ngā raraunga i runga i te huarahi whai take, whai ine hoki.
Whakamutunga
He maha ngā huarahi hei whakatau i te toharite, te toharite rānei o tētahi huinga raraunga, i runga i te momo raraunga. Mō ngā huinga raraunga takitahi, ka whiwhihia te toharite mā te wehewehe i te maha o ngā huinga raraunga ki te maha o ngā huinga raraunga. Mō ngā huinga raraunga auau, ka wehea te tapeke o ngā uara kua whakareatia ki ō rātou auau ki te auau katoa. Mō ngā huinga raraunga kua whakarōpūtia, ka tatauhia te toharite mā te whakamahi i te pūwāhi o ia wā akomanga hei huinga raraunga māngai. Mā te whai i ngā mahi tika me te tika, ka taea e te toharite te noho hei taputapu tino whai hua mō te mārama me te tātari raraunga i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga "āhua-blog" (he ngāwari ake) o tēnei tuhinga, ka taea rānei e au te tāpiri i ngā pātai whakaharatau me ngā whakautu kia māmā ake ai te mārama.
