Te Whakamahi i te Aratau hei Whakatau i te Uara e Puta Auau Ana
I roto i ō tātou oranga o ia rā, he maha ngā raraunga ka tūtaki tātou: ngā hua whakamātautau a ngā ākonga, ngā rahi hu e tino hokona ana, ngā momo hua e tino rongonui ana, tae atu ki te maha o ngā amuamu a te ratonga kiritaki. Ko te pātai, me pēhea e taea ai e tātou te whakatau ko ēhea uara, ko ēhea kāwai rānei e tino puta pinepine ana? Ko tētahi ariā tatauranga matua e tino whai hua ana mō tēnei kaupapa ko te aratau. Ka āwhina te aratau i a tātou ki te kimi i te uara "e tino puta pinepine ana" i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga, ā, ka āwhina i te whakatau me te whakamārama mōhiohio.
Aratau Mārama
Ko te aratau te uara (te kāwai rānei) e puta pinepine ana i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga. Kāore i rite ki te toharite, e tāpirihia ana ngā uara katoa, kātahi ka wehea mā te maha o ngā uara, ka arotahi te aratau ki te auau o te putanga mai. He māmā noa te mārama ki te aratau nā te mea ka aro noa te tangata ki ngā uara e puta pinepine ana, e puta pinepine ana rānei.
Hei tauira, ki te whakarārangihia e te toa ngā rahi tīhāte e hokona pinepinetia ana e ngā kaihoko: S, M, M, L, M, XL, L, ko te rahi M te momo nā te mea koia te mea e tino kitea ana.
He aha te hiranga o te Aratau?
He mea nui te aratau nā te mea:
1. E whakaatu ana i ngā ia whānui: E whakaatu ana te aratau i te kōwhiringa, i te uara rānei e tino kaha ana.
2. He pai mō ngā raraunga kāwai: Mena kei roto i te āhua o te momo taonga, te tae, te waitohu rānei ngā raraunga, kāore e taea te tatau i te toharite, engari ka taea tonu te whakatau i te aratau.
3. Māmā, tere hoki: I te nuinga o te wā, ka kitea te aratau mā te tatau noa i ngā putanga o ia uara.
4. He whai hua mō te whakatau kaupapa: Hei tauira, te whakatau i te nui o ngā taonga e tika ana kia whakanuia i runga i ngā hua tino hokohoko.
I roto i te mātauranga, ka taea e ngā momo te āwhina i ngā kaiako ki te kite i ngā māka e whiwhi pinepine ana ngā ākonga. I roto i te hokohoko, ka āwhina ngā momo i ngā kamupene ki te tautuhi i ngā hua tino rongonui. I roto i te hauora, ka taea e ngā momo te whakaatu i ngā tohu tino kitea i roto i ngā tūroro.
Me pēhea te whakatau i te aratau o ngā raraunga takitahi
Ko ngā raraunga takitahi he raraunga e whakaaturia ana i tōna āhua tonu, kāore he rōpū. Ngā taahiraa hei whakatau i te aratau i roto i ngā raraunga takitahi:
1. Whakaritea ngā raraunga (kāore he kōwhiringa, engari ka māmā ake).
2. Tatauhia te auau o te putanga mai o ia uara.
3. Tīpakohia te uara he nui rawa te auau.
Tauira:
Ngā kaute whakamātautau: 70, 80, 80, 90, 60, 80, 70, 75, 90
Auautanga:
– 60: 1 ngā wā
– 70: 2 ngā wā
– 75: 1 ngā wā
– 80: 3 ngā wā
– 90: 2 ngā wā
Ko te aratau he 80 nā te mea e toru ngā wā e puta mai ana, arā, he maha atu ngā wā e puta mai ana i tētahi atu uara.
Aratau i roto i te Raraunga Rōpū
I ētahi wā, he nui rawa ngā raraunga hei whakaatu mā te ripanga tohatoha auau, ka whakarōpūhia ngā raraunga ki ngā wā akomanga (hei tauira, 50–59, 60–69, me ētahi atu). Mō ngā raraunga whakarōpū, ka whakatauhia te aratau mai i te akomanga me te auau teitei rawa, e kiia nei ko te akomanga aratau. Heoi, hei whiwhi i tētahi uara aratau tika ake, ka whakamahia te tātai aratau raraunga rōpū.
Ngā Hipanga Whānui:
1. Whakatauhia te akomanga me te auau teitei rawa (akomanga aratau).
2. Whakamahia te tātai hei whakatau tata i te uara aratau i roto i te wā.
Tātai Aratau Raraunga Rōpū:
\[
Mo = L + \left(\frac{d_1}{d_1 + d_2}\right)\times p
\]
Ngā Mōhiohio:
– \(Mo\) = aratau
– \(L\) = te taha raro o te akomanga aratau
– \(d_1\) = te rerekētanga o te auau o te akomanga aratau me te akomanga o mua
– \(d_2\) = te rerekētanga o te auau i waenga i te akomanga aratau me te akomanga i muri mai
– \(p\) = te roa o te akomanga āputa
Tauira:
Ripanga kaute whakamātautau:
| Wā | Auautanga |
|—————|———-|
| 50–59 | 5 |
| 60–69 | 8 |
| 70–79 | 12 |
| 80–89 | 9 |
| 90–99 | 6 |
Ko te akomanga aratau ko 70–79 nā te mea koia te auau teitei rawa (12).
Ko te taha o raro o te akomanga 70–79 he 69,5 (mēnā kei te whakamahi i te taha akomanga).
Te roa o te akomanga \(p = 10\).
Auautanga akomanga aratau \(f_m = 12\)
Auautanga o mua \(f_1 = 8\)
Te auau i muri i te \(f_2 = 9\)
Nā reira:
– \(d_1 = f_m – f_1 = 12 – 8 = 4\)
– \(d_2 = f_m – f_2 = 12 – 9 = 3\)
\[
Mo = 69,5 + \left(\frac{4}{4+3}\right)\times 10
\]
\[
Mo = 69,5 + \left(\frac{4}{7}\right)\times 10
\]
\[
Mo = 69,5 + 5,714 \approx 75,214
\]
Nō reira, ko te aratau o ngā raraunga rōpū he tata ki te 75,21.
Ngā Momo Aratau: Unimodal, Bimodal, me Multimodal
Kāore i te kotahi anake te aratau o ngā raraunga katoa. I runga i te maha o ngā uara e puta pinepine ana, ka taea te wehewehe i ngā raraunga ki:
1. Unimodal: kotahi anake te uara e puta pinepine ana.
Tauira: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5 → aratau = 3
2. Bimodal: e rua ngā uara e puta pinepine ana i ngā wā e rua.
Tauira: 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4 → aratau = 2 me te 3
3. Maha-ara: neke atu i te rua ngā uara ka noho hei aratau.
Tauira: 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3 → aratau = 1, 2, 3
4. Kāore he aratau: ka puta katoa ngā uara me te auau ōrite.
Tauira: 1, 2, 3, 4 → kāore he aratau.
Mā te mārama ki te momo aratau ka āwhina i a tātou ki te whakamārama i te āhua o ngā raraunga. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā raraunga maha-ara te tohu i te aroaro o ētahi rōpū, tauira rānei motuhake i roto i te taupori kotahi.
Ngā Painga me ngā Huakore o te Aratau
Te taikaha:
– He tino ngāwari ki te tatau, ahakoa he tirohanga ā-kanohi mō ngā raraunga māmā noa iho.
– Ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā raraunga kāwai, hei tauira, te tae tino pai, te momo mahi rānei.
– Kāore e pāngia e ngā uara tino nui (ngā uara o waho). Ahakoa he uara tino nui, tino iti rānei, ko te aratau tonu te mea e puta pinepine ana.
Te korenga:
– Kāore i te ahurei i ētahi wā (tērā pea he neke atu i te kotahi te aratau, kāore rānei he aratau).
– Kāore e tino whakaatu ana i te raraunga katoa mēnā he uaua te tohatoha o ngā raraunga.
– I roto i ngā raraunga rōpū, he whakatau tata te aratau, ehara i te uara tika.
Ahakoa ōna herenga, he tino whai hua tonu te aratau, inā koa ko te kimi i ngā ia whānui te whāinga o te tātari.
Ngā Tauira o te Whakamahinga o te Aratau i te Ao Tūturu
1. Hokohoko/Hokohoko iti: Whakatauhia ngā rahi hu tino hokohoko hei whakahaere i ngā taonga.
2. Mātauranga: Te mōhio ki ngā māka e tino whiwhihia ana e ngā ākonga mō te aromatawai ako.
3. Hauora: Te kimi i ngā amuamu e tino kitea ana i roto i te whare hauora mō te whakamahere ratonga.
4. Te Waka: Whakatauhia ngā hāora e tino pāngia ai ngā waka e ngā raruraru waka, i runga i ngā pūrongo o ia rā.
5. Ngā rangahau mākete me ngā hua: Kimihia ko ēhea ngā waitohu e tino whiriwhiria ana e ngā kaiwhakautu.
I roto i te horopaki o te whakatau kaupapa, ka āwhina ngā momo whakatau ki te whakatakoto i ngā kaupapa matua i runga i ngā meka "e tino puta pinepine ana".
Whakamutunga
Ko te aratau he ine i te ia matua e whakatau ana i te uara, i te kāwai rānei e tino puta pinepine ana i roto i tētahi huinga raraunga. Ko ōna painga kei roto i tōna māmā me tōna kaha ki te tātari i ngā raraunga tau me ngā raraunga kāwai. Ka taea te tatau i te aratau mō tētahi huinga raraunga kotahi mā te tatau i te auau o te putanga mai, engari mō ngā raraunga rōpū, ka taea te whakamahi i tētahi tātai hei whakatau tata i te uara aratau. Mā te mārama ki te whakamahinga o ngā aratau, ka taea e tātou te whakamārama i ngā raraunga me te whakatau i runga i ngā ia tino kitea.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te tāpiri i ngā tauira pātai me ā rātou matapakinga, te waihanga rānei i tētahi putanga whaimana ake o te tuhinga mō ngā mahi kura/kāreti.
