Te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao me tōna Hononga ki te Ao Whānui
Kua noho te ao whānui hei kaupapa e kore e taea te karo i roto i ngā kōrero o nāianei e pā ana ki te ōhanga, te tōrangapū, te ahurea, me te hangarau. Kāore e taea te mārama ki tēnei āhuatanga o te ao whānui me te kore e aro ki ngā ariā e ngana ana ki te whakamārama i ōna āhuatanga me ōna hanganga. Ko tētahi huarahi ariā rongonui ki te mārama ki te ao whānui ko te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao. Ka arotakehia e tēnei tuhinga ngā pūtake o te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao me pēhea tana whakamārama me tana hononga ki te tukanga o te ao whānui.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao
I whakaurua tuatahitia te Ariā Pūnaha-Ao e Immanuel Wallerstein i ngā tau 1970. E titiro ana a Wallerstein ki te ao hei pūnaha e toru ngā huānga matua: te uho, te taha-haurua, me te taha-taha. E hangai ana tēnei pūnaha ki ngā whanaungatanga ōhanga me te pāpori e hanga ana i tētahi whatunga whakarōpū o te mana whakahaere me te whakamahi kino.
1. Matua: Ko ngā whenua, ko ngā rohe rānei kei waenganui o te pūnaha o te ao, ko rātou ngā whenua tino matatau ki te taha ōhanga, ā, kei a rātou te mana tōrangapū nui rawa atu. Ko rātou te kaiārahi i roto i te auahatanga hangarau, ā, he kanorau ā rātou ōhanga.
2. Te Rohe-Haurua: Kei waenganui i te pokapū me te taha ēnei rohe. Kei a rātou ngā āhuatanga o ngā mea e rua: ētahi āhuatanga o te ahunga whakamua ōhanga o te pokapū, engari he āhuatanga anō hoki o te whakawhirinakitanga o te taha. He tūranga ārai te taha-haurua, he takawaenga i te pūnaha o te ao mā te mimiti i ngā taupatupatu i waenganui i te pokapū me te taha.
3. Ngā whenua taha: Ko ngā whenua taha te hunga tino whakamuri i te taha ōhanga. Ko te nuinga o ā rātou ōhanga e ahu mai ana i te kaweake o ngā taonga matua, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana rātou ki te haumi mai i tāwāhi mai i ngā whenua pokapū. Ko te nuinga o te wā ka whakamahia kinotia rātou e ngā whenua pokapū me ngā whenua taha-haurua.
Te Hononga i waenga i te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao me te Ao Whānui
Ko te ao whānui he tukanga e tere ake ai te whakaurunga me te taunekeneke i waenga i te tangata, ngā kamupene, me ngā kāwanatanga o ngā whenua rerekē. Ko te hokohoko o te ao, te haumi, me te hangarau mōhiohio te mea e akiakihia ana tēnei āhuatanga. Ka whakaratohia e te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao he anga hei mārama ki te pānga o te ao whānui ki ngā hanganga ōhanga me te pāpori o nāianei.
1. Te Whānuitanga o te Pūtea Matua o te Ao:
E whakanui ana te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao ko te ao whānui he haere tonu mai i te whānui haere o te pūnaha pūtea o te ao. E whakaahua ana i te āhua o te hanga a ngā whanaungatanga ōhanga matua i tētahi tohatoha kore taurite o te taonga. Ka whakamahia e ngā whenua o waenganui te hangarau me te auahatanga hei whakahaere i ngā mākete o te ao, ko ngā whenua o waho ia ka akiakihia kia noho whakamuri, ka whakaputa i ngā taonga iti te uara.
2. Hangarau me te Mōhiohio:
Mā ngā whanaketanga hangarau me te horapa o ngā mōhiohio ka tere ake te whakaurunga ōhanga. Mā te pūnaha ao whakarōpū ka taea e ngā whenua pokapū te whakahaere i ngā rerenga mōhiohio me te whakanui ake i ngā painga o te auahatanga hangarau. He maha ngā wā ka whakaroa ngā whenua taha ki muri i ngā huarahi urunga hangarau, ka hangaia he wehenga matihiko e whakanui ake ana i ngā kore taurite ōhanga.
3. Te Nekehanga Mahi me te Hekenga:
Kua piki ake te nekenekehanga o ngā kaimahi o te ao whānui nā te ao whānui. Heoi, e kī ana te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao kāore tēnei e tupu ana i runga i te ōrite. He maha ngā wā ka heke ngā kaimahi mai i ngā whenua taha ki ngā whenua pokapū, ki ngā whenua taha-haurua rānei ki te rapu i ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga pai ake. He maha ngā wā ka arahi tēnei ki te tukino i ngā kaimahi i roto i ngā mākete mahi kore haumaru me ngā utu iti.
4. Te Tūranga o ngā Whare Wānanga o te Ao:
Ko ngā umanga o te ao pēnei i te World Bank, te IMF, me te WTO e kitea ana he taputapu hei whakakaha i te pūnaha o te ao. Ka waihangahia e rātou ngā ture me ngā kaupapa here e whai hua ana ki ngā whenua o waenganui, me te akiaki hoki i ngā whenua o waho ki te whakatuwhera i ā rātou mākete me te whai i ngā ture hokohoko kāore i te pai ki a rātou i ngā wā katoa.
Te Arotake me te Hiranga
Ahakoa he tirohanga arohaehae tā te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao mō te hanganga o te ao whānui, kua whakahēngia anō hoki. E kī ana ētahi kairīti he tino whakatau rawa te ariā, ā, kāore e aro ki te kaha o ngā whenua taha ki te whakawhanake mā roto i ngā rautaki whanaketanga motuhake. E kī ana ētahi he nui rawa te aro o te ariā ki te ōhanga, ā, kāore e aro ki ngā āhuatanga ahurea me ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū e whai tikanga ana hoki ki te tātari i te ao whānui.
Heoi anō, kei te whai tikanga tonu te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao hei mārama ki te ao whānui o nāianei. Mā te titiro ki te ao mā roto i tēnei tirohanga, ka taea e tātou te tautuhi i ngā tauira pumau o te kore taurite me te whakawhirinakitanga i roto i ngā whanaungatanga o te ao. Ka akiaki tēnei i a tātou ki te pātai i te kōrero o te ao whānui hei tukanga e hua mai ai ngā painga ki te katoa.
Whakamutunga
He anga whai hua te Ariā Pūnaha o te Ao hei mārama ki ngā uauatanga o te ao whānui me tōna pānga ki ngā hanganga ōhanga me te pāpori o te ao. Mā te wehewehe i te ao kia matua, kia haurua-taha, me te taha-taha, ka āwhina te ariā ki te whakamārama me pēhea te hanga whakawhirinakitanga me te whakamahi kino e ngā whanaungatanga ōhanga kore taurite. Mai i tēnei tirohanga, ehara te ao whānui i te tukanga koretake, engari he whakaaturanga o ngā hihiri pūtea e whakakaha ana i ngā hierarki o te ao.
Mō ngā rā kei te heke mai, ko te wero nui ko te kimi huarahi hei whakarerekē i tēnei pūnaha kia tika ake, kia taurite hoki. Mā te mārama me te whakaae ki ngā kore taurite o nāianei, ka taea e tātou te mahi ki ngā otinga whānui ake, pumau ake hoki, hei painga mō ngā tāngata katoa o te ao.
