Tātaritanga Hapori o ngā Take Taiao
He maha ngā wā ka māramahia ngā take taiao hei raruraru taiao: te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, te parahanga o te hau, ngā raruraru wai, te huringa āhuarangi, te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora, me te kohikohinga para. Heoi, e whakaatu ana te hapori pāpori kāore ēnei raruraru i te "taiao" noa iho. He hononga tata tonu ki ngā hanganga pāpori, ngā whanaungatanga mana, ngā tauira kai, ngā kaupapa here a te iwi, me te whakamārama me te urupare a te hapori ki te mōrearea. Arā, ko ngā raruraru taiao he whakaata i te whakahaere tahi a te tangata i ō rātou oranga - mai i te ōhanga ki te tōrangapū ki te ahurea. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā take taiao mā roto i ētahi tirohanga pāpori matua, e whakaatu ana i te whakaurunga o te hē pāpori ki roto i te whakangaromanga taiao.
Te Taiao hei Hua o ngā Hononga Hapori
Mai i te tirohanga pāpori, ehara te "taiao" i te wāhi e whanake ana te ora, engari he wāhi e hangaia tonutia ana e ngā mahi pāpori. Ko ngā kōwhiringa i roto i te whakamahere tāone, ngā tauira ahumahi, ngā tauira ahuwhenua, tae atu ki ngā kaupapa here pūngao he whakataunga ā-rōpū e awehia ana e ngā painga ōhanga me ngā painga tōrangapū. Nō reira, hei tauira, ehara i te mea he hua noa iho o te para te para, engari he whakaata anō hoki i te ngoikore o te kāwanatanga, ngā ture whiriwhiri, me ngā whanaungatanga mana i waenga i ngā kamupene, ngā kāwanatanga, me ngā kainoho e pāngia ana.
E whakanui ana hoki ngā tohunga hapori he mea tuku iho, he mea ahurea hoki ngā tirohanga ki te taiao me ngā rauemi. I roto i ētahi hapori, e māramahia ana ngā ngahere hei wāhi noho, hei puna tuakiri, hei wāhi tapu hoki; i roto i te ariā ōhanga hou, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā ngahere hei "rawa" ko tōna uara ka inehia i roto i te rakau, te whenua, te kaha keri rānei. He maha ngā wā ka puta he pakanga ahuwhenua me te taiao i roto i ēnei tikanga rerekē.
Te Hapori Mōrearea me te Whakaōrite i te Mōrearea
Mā te whakamahi i te ariā o te hapori mōrearea, ka whakamārama a Ulrich Beck, ka puta mai i te ao hou ngā mōrearea hou, whānui ake, pūnaha, me te kore e taea te matapae—hei tauira, te parahanga kirihou moroiti, te pānga matū, ngā pānga āhuarangi o te ao rānei. Kāore ēnei mōrearea e mōhio ki ngā rohe rohe mārama, engari he koretake ō rātou pānga. Ka taea e ētahi rōpū te "neke" i ngā mōrearea mā te wehewehe ā-wāhi (hei tauira, ngā wāhi ahumahi mai i ngā wāhi noho rangatira) mā te kaha rānei ki te hoko parenga (wai pounamu, tātari hau, whare noho i ngā wāhi haumaru ake).
I tētahi atu taha, ka pāngia hoki te hapori e tētahi tukanga o te whakatikatika i te tūponotanga. Ko te parahanga o te hau e puta mai ana, te waipuke ā-tau, te tauraki ā-wā rānei, he mea e kiia ana he "noa," e whakatairanga ana i te whakaae noa. Ko tēnei whakatikatika he mea awe i ngā mōhiohio rerekē, te iti o te whakawhirinaki ki ngā umanga, me ngā kōwhiringa oranga iti. Mā te mātauranga hapori tātou e āwhina ki te mārama ko te "kore aro" o te marea i ētahi wā ehara i te mea nā te kore aro, engari nā te kare o te mana i mua i te pūnaha.
Te Tauritekore o te Taiao me te Tika
E whakaatu ana te ariā o te tika taiao ko te kawenga o ngā kino taiao ka taka ki runga i ngā rōpū ngoikore: ngā hapori iti te whiwhinga moni, ngā hapori taketake, ngā kaihao ika iti, ngā kaimahi kore whakahaere, me ngā kainoho o ngā rohe taupori kikī. He maha ngā wā ka noho tata rātou ki ngā ururua whenua, ki ngā rohe ahumahi, ki ngā tahataha awa rānei e waipukehia ana—ehara i te mea nā te mea i whiriwhiria e rātou anake, engari nā te iti o te urunga atu ki ngā whare noho tika, ki te mahi haumaru, me te hauora.
I taua wā anō, ka rere ngā hua o te whakamahi rauemi ki ngā kaiwhakaari kaha ake: ngā kamupene nunui, ngā kaihoko o te tāone nui, te kāwanatanga rānei mā roto i ngā taake me te tipu ōhanga. Koinei te tirohanga a te hapori pāpori ki te whakahekenga taiao hei take tohatoha: ko wai ka whai hua, ko wai ka pikau i ngā utu. E hono ana hoki tēnei kore taurite ki te ira tangata me te whakatupuranga; hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka pikau ngā wāhine i te kawenga o te whakahaere wai me te kai i te taumata whare, ko ngā whakatupuranga taitamariki ia ka pa ki ngā pānga roa o te huringa āhuarangi.
Hanganga Tōrangapū-Ōhanga: Pūtea Matua, Whakaputa, me te Whakamahinga
He maha ngā tātaritanga pāpori e hono ana i te raruraru taiao ki ngā tauira whakaputa me te kai i roto i te pūnaha ōhanga hou. Ko te akiaki i te tipu tonu, te whakataetae mākete, me te ariā o ngā hua poto-wā e akiaki ana i te tango rauemi nui. Ka taea e te ahumahi te neke i ngā utu taiao ki te marea: ko te hau paru, te oneone poke, me te hekenga o te hauora o te marea kāore i te whakaatuhia i ngā wā katoa i roto i ngā pepa toenga a te kamupene.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mahi anō tā te ahurea kaihoko. Mā te pānuitanga me ngā momo noho ka hanga i ngā tuakiri mā te pupuri i ngā taonga, ka piki ake te tapuwae waro, ka whakapūmau hoki i te kohikohinga para. Mai i te tirohanga pāpori, he mea nui te whakarerekē i ngā whanonga takitahi—hei tauira, te whakaiti i te whakamahinga kirihou—engari kāore e ranea mēnā ka haere tonu ngā hanganga whakaputa ki te whakaputa nui i ngā taonga kotahi te whakamahinga. Nō reira, me aro ngā otinga ki te pūnaha: te hoahoa hua, ngā mekameka tuku, ngā ture, me ngā whakatenatena ōhanga.
Te Kāwanatanga, te Kaupapahere ā-Iwi, me te Whakahaere
E titiro ana te hapori tōrangapū ki te kāwanatanga hei kaiwhakaari matua i roto i te whakahaere i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ōhanga me te taiao. Heoi, kāore te kāwanatanga i te noho kūpapa i ngā wā katoa. Ka taea te mau i roto i ngā taupatupatu pānga: ko ngā hiahia haumi, ngā pēhanga tipu ōhanga, me te tautoko ahumahi ka taea te whakararu i te tiaki taiao. Ka puta ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te "hopu ture" ina mahi ngā tari whakahaere i ngā painga o te ahumahi kaua ki te marea.
I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā kaupapa here taiao pakari e hiahia ana ki te whai wāhi mai o te tangata me te māramatanga. Ina kati ngā tukanga whakaaetanga, ina herea te urunga atu ki ngā mōhiohio, ina he tikanga noa iho rānei te kōrero a te marea, ka tere te piki haere o ngā pakanga pāpori. E whakanui ana te mātauranga hapori i te hiranga o te whakahaere whānui: ngā tikanga amuamu whai hua, te aroturukitanga o te tangata, te whakamana i ngā tika o te hapori ā-rohe, me te whakatinanatanga ture tonu.
Ngā Kaupapa Hapori Taiao me ngā Kaupapa Tōrangapū o te Mātauranga
Ko ngā take taiao anō hoki ka ara ake ngā kaupapa pāpori: mai i te horoi awa ki te tautoko āhuarangi o te ao. Ka ako te hapori pāpori o ngā kaupapa pāpori i te āhua o te kotahitanga, te āhua o te tautoko a ngā whakahaere, me te āhua o te hanganga o ngā kōrero hei whakatenatena i te whai wāhi a te marea. He maha ngā wā ka tūtaki ngā kaupapa taiao ki ngā "tōrangapū mātauranga": ko wai e kiia ana he tohunga, e pono ana ngā raraunga, ā, e kiia ana he tika ngā wheako.
Hei tauira, ko ngā kainoho e amuamu ana mō te parahanga ka kiia he "kore pūtaiao" mēnā kāore he raraunga taiwhanga i a rātou, ahakoa kua pāngia rātou e ngā huringa tika o te wai, te oneone, me te hauora. Koinei te wāhi e tino hira ai te huarahi whakauru: te whakakotahi i te mātauranga pūtaiao me te mātauranga ā-rohe, te whakahaere i te aroturukitanga mahi tahi, me te whakarite kia whakamōhio ngā wheako o ngā kainoho i ngā kaupapa here.
Ahurea, Uara, me te Huringa Āhua Noho
E whakaatu ana te hapori ahurea ko ngā urupare ki ngā raruraru taiao ka awehia e ngā uara, ngā tikanga, me ngā tuakiri. I roto i ētahi hapori, ko ngā tikanga tiaki ngahere, te whakahaere wai rānei he tikanga tiaki whai hua. Heoi, ka taea e te ao hou, te noho tāone, me ngā pēhanga ōhanga te whakakore i ēnei tikanga. Ko tētahi wero nui ko te hono i ngā uara tuku iho me ngā hiahia o ēnei rā, me te kore e whakararu i te taiao.
He maha ngā wā ka angitu ngā panonitanga o te noho taiao ina tautokona e ngā tikanga pāpori hou: ka "pai" te whakamahi i ngā waka a te iwi, ka kiia he mea noa te kawe i te ipu para, ā, ka noho hei mahi noa te wehewehe para. Engari me tautoko ngā hanganga i te whakatūnga o ngā tikanga. He uaua ki te whakatenatena i te tangata ki te whakaiti i ngā waka tūmataiti mena kāore i te haumaru, i te whakamarie hoki te waka a te iwi. Nō reira, me huri ngātahi te ahurea me te hanganga.
Te Huringa Āhuarangi hei Raru Hapori o te Ao
E whakaatu ana te huringa āhuarangi i te āhua whakawhiti-rohe o ngā raruraru taiao. Ka pāngia ētahi atu rohe e ngā tukunga i tētahi rohe. Heoi, he rerekē rawa te kawenga hītori me te kaha urutau. He maha ngā rauemi a ngā whenua me ngā rōpū whai rawa mō te whakaiti me te urutau, engari ko ngā hapori rawakore he ngoikore ake ki te ngoikore o ngā hua, te pikinga o te taumata moana, me ngā āhuatanga kino. Mā te mātauranga pāpori ka mārama ko te kaupapa here āhuarangi ehara i te mea he whāinga hangarau noa iho, engari he whiriwhiringa matatika me te tōrangapū mō te tika, te kawenga, me te utu.
Te Katinga
E whakaū ana te tātaritanga pāpori o ngā take taiao kāore e taea te whakatau i te raruraru taiao mā roto i ngā huarahi hangarau anake. Ko te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, te parahanga, te para, me te huringa āhuarangi he tohu o ngā raruraru pāpori: te kore taurite, ngā whanaungatanga mana, ngā tauira ōhanga, te whakahaere, me te ahurea kai. Ko ngā otinga whai hua me huri i ngā taumata maha—ngā hanganga takitahi, hapori, umanga, me ngā hanganga tōrangapū-ōhanga—e ahu mai ana i ngā mātāpono o te tika taiao me te whai wāhi a te marea. Ina māramahia te taiao hei kawenga tahi, ka huri ngā mahi ki te whakaora i te taiao hei mahi ki te hanga i tētahi hapori ōrite, hauora, me te pumau.
