Te Ariā o te Hiritana i roto i te Hapori Hou
Ko te meritokrasi he ariā pāpori me te tōrangapū e whakanoho ana i te "kaupapa pai" - arā, te pūkenga, te whakatutukitanga, te matatau, me te mahi uaua - hei pūtake matua mō te whakatau ko wai ka whiwhi i ngā whai wāhitanga, ngā tūranga, ngā tohu, me te nekehanga pāpori. I roto i ngā hapori hou, he maha ngā wā ka whakatairangahia te meritokrasi hei pūnaha tika rawa atu nā te mea ka aromatawaihia ngā tāngata takitahi i runga i te whakatutukitanga, kaua i runga i te papamuri whānau, te tūnga ōhanga, te iwi, te ira tangata, te tata rānei ki te hunga whai mana. Heoi, ahakoa tōna ataahua, ka ara ake anō hoki he tautohetohe nui mō te meritokrasi: ka taea te whakatinana i tētahi pūnaha e kī ana "he whai wāhitanga ōrite te katoa" i roto i ngā āhuatanga pāpori kore taurite?
Ngā pūtake me te whakamāramatanga o te meritokrasi
I rongonui te kupu "meritocracy" i muri i te whakaputanga o te pukapuka a Michael Young, The Rise of the Meritocracy (1958). He mea whakamīharo, i tuhia e Young hei whakakatakata, hei arotake hoki: i whakaaro ia ki tētahi hapori e whakanui ana i te mātauranga me te whakatutukitanga, e hua ake ai tētahi akomanga rangatira hou, whakakake, ko te hunga i mahue iho i whakapaetia mō tō rātou aituā. Heoi, i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū o ēnei rā, he maha ngā wā ka māramahia te meritocracy hei huarahi kē atu ki te nepotism, te feudalism, me te whakahāwea hanganga.
I roto i te tikanga paerewa, e rua ngā mātāpono matua o te meritocracy. Tuatahi, ko te whiriwhiri, ko te tohatoha rānei i ngā rauemi (ngā tūranga, te mātauranga, ngā karahipi, ngā whakatairanga) me ahu mai i ngā tohu e tika ana mō te kaha me te mahi. Tuarua, me whai wāhi ōrite te katoa ki te whakaatu i aua kaha. He ngāwari noa te whakaaro ki te mātāpono tuatahi—hei tauira, ko te kimi kaimahi, ko te aromatawai mahi rānei e ahu mai ana i ngā whakamātautau. He tino uaua ake te whakatinana i te mātāpono tuarua nā te mea e herea ana ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori mai i te tamarikitanga.
He aha te take e kiia ai te hiranga o te meritokrasi i roto i te hapori o ēnei rā?
Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā hapori hou ko te uaua o te ōhanga, te motuhaketanga o ngā mahi, me te hiahia mō ngā tohungatanga. I roto i tēnei horopaki, e kiia ana ko te meritokrasi he mahi whai hua: me hiahia ngā whakahaere, ngā whare wānanga, me ngā kāwanatanga ki ngā tāngata mātau kia pai ai te mahi a te pūnaha. I roto i te rāngai tūmatanui, e māramahia ana te meritokrasi he whakaritenga mō tētahi tari mahi ngaio e mahi ana mō ngā painga o ngā tāngata whenua, ehara i te mea mō ngā rōpū motuhake. I roto i te wāhi mahi, e whakaponohia ana ka whakanui ake te meritokrasi i te hua nā te mea ka hihiri te tangata ki te whakapai ake i ā rātou mahi ina tohatohahia ngā utu ki te huarahi tika.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, he maha ngā wā ka honoa te meritokrasi ki te ariā o te tika tukanga: ina mārama ngā ture o te kēmu, ā, he mārama hoki te kōwhiringa, ka kiia ngā hua he "tika" ake i ngā pūnaha e whakatauhia ana e ngā hononga, e ngā mana tuku iho rānei. I roto i tētahi hapori e whakanui ana i te takitahi me te herekore ki te whiriwhiri i tōna ara, te āhua nei e hangai ana te meritokrasi ki te wawata ko te mutunga o te tangata ka whakatauhia e āna ake mahi.
Te mana whakahaere i roto i te mahi: te mātauranga me te ao mahi
Ko te mātauranga te papa matua mō te meritokrasi. Ko ngā whakamātautau whakauru, ngā whakatauranga māka, te whiriwhiri karahipi, me te whakamanatanga e kiia ana he tikanga paerewa mō te aromatawai i te pūkenga. Ko te mea tino pai, ko ngā kura me ngā whare wānanga he "arawhata pāpori" mō te hunga e angitu ana, tae atu ki te hunga nō ngā whānau rawakore. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, kua noho te kōrero mō te "neke ake mā te mātauranga" hei tohu mō te meritokrasi.
I te wāhi mahi, ka whakaatuhia te hiranga o te meritokrasi mā roto i ngā pūnaha kimi kaimahi e ahu mai ana i te pūkenga, ngā aromatawai mahi (KPI), ngā whakatairanga e ahu mai ana i ngā hua, me ngā utu mō te auahatanga. He maha ngā kamupene hangarau e kī ana kei te whakatinana i te hiranga o te meritokrasi nā te mea e aromatawai ana rātou i ngā takoha tūturu, ehara i te mea ko te tūranga matua anake. I roto i te rāngai kāwanatanga, ko ngā pūnaha kōwhiringa me te whakatairanga ratonga tūmatanui e ahu mai ana i te pūkenga e tohu ana hoki i tētahi momo hiranga o te meritokrasi, i roto i te hoahoa kaupapa here.
Heoi, ka ara ake tētahi pātai nui: he pēhea te whai take o ngā mehua o te "painga"? Ahakoa te āhua koretake o ngā māka mātauranga, ngā kaute whakamātautau, ngā putea mahi, ngā KPI rānei, ka taea te awe i ēnei e te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi—te whakaakoranga, ngā whatunga ngaio, ngā whakaurunga hangarau, te kounga o te kura, tae noa ki te wā waatea mō te ako me te whanaketanga whaiaro.
Te whakahē matua: te meritocracy me te mānukanuka o te ōritetanga o ngā whai wāhitanga
Ko te whakahē nui rawa atu mō te meritokrasi ko tana whakaaro he ōrite te whai wāhitanga i te wā kāore i te tino noho. Ko ngā tamariki i whānau ki ngā whānau rawakore ka pāngia e ngā wero hanganga: te kai koretake, te taiao kāore e pai mō te ako, ngā kura kounga iti, te urunga ipurangi iti, me te hiahia ki te takoha ki ngā pūtea a te whānau. I taua wā, ka taea e ngā tamariki nō ngā whānau whai rawa te uru atu ki ngā kura pai rawa atu, ki ngā akoranga tūmataiti, ki ngā pukapuka, me ngā whatunga pāpori e whakanui ake ana i ō rātou tupono ki te angitu. Ina rerekē ngā putanga, he maha ngā wā ka whakangawari te meritokrasi i te raruraru mā te whakatau ko te hunga i hinga "kāore i tino kaha te ngana."
Koinei te wāhi ka taea ai e te meritocracy te noho hei take mō te kore taurite. Ina whakapono ngā tāngata angitu ko tā rātou angitu nā te mahi uaua anake, ka warewarehia e rātou ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te waimarie, te tautoko pāpori, me te mana. I tetahi atu taha, ko te hunga e toe ana ka pāngia e te whakama matatika: ka whakamāramatia te rawakore he ngoikore whaiaro, ehara i te take hanganga. Nō reira, ka ngoikore te kotahitanga pāpori i te mea ka kitea te kore taurite he mea noa, he mea tika hoki.
Ka taea hoki e te mana whakahaere te waihanga i te ahotea hinengaro. I roto i tētahi ahurea e tono ana i ngā "mea me mahi," ka taea e te hunga kāore e tutuki i ētahi paerewa te whakaaro he koretake rātou. Ko te whakataetae me te kore he kupenga haumaru pāpori ka tūpono ki te whakanui ake i te ahotea, te manukanuka, me te noho mokemoke, inā koa i waenga i te hunga rangatahi kua whakatōkia mai i te tamarikitanga ko te mana whaiaro e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakatutukitanga.
Te whakaaro pākiki i roto i te ine i te hiranga: ehara i te mea he noho pūmau i ngā wā katoa
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whai pānga te whakaaro pākiki ki ngā mehua whaihua. Ka taea te awe i ngā whakamātautau paerewa e te ahurea me te reo. Ka taea te awe i ngā aromatawai mahi i roto i te tari e te manakohanga ngawari, ngā momo ira tangata, te "tata" rānei ki ngā rangatira. Ahakoa ngā rauropi kimi kaimahi e kī ana he koretake, ka taea te tārua i ngā whakaaro pākiki mai i ngā raraunga o mua: ki te pai ngā raraunga o mua ki ētahi rōpū, ka kitea e te ako mīhini taua tauira he "noa".
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kei reira ētahi āhuatanga o te pūkenga e uaua ana ki te ine: te ngākau pono, te aroha, ngā pūkenga mahi tahi, me te kaiārahi matatika. Mēnā ka whakawhāitihia te hiranga ki ngā tatauranga hua, ki ngā kaute mātauranga rānei, ka taea e te hapori te whakaputa i ngā tāngata "tino pai ake i te taha hangarau" engari kāore i te aro ki te hapori.
He meritocracy tika ake: mai i te kōwhiringa parakore ki te whai wāhitanga ōrite
Kei te hiahiatia tonutia e te hapori hou te mātāpono o te hiranga i roto i te whakakī i ngā tūranga me ngā kawenga, engari me haere tahi te meritokrasi tika me ngā kaupapa here o te whai wāhitanga ōrite. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, kaua e arotahi noa ki te kōwhiringa "koretake" i te mutunga, engari ki ngā āhuatanga tīmatanga ōrite ake. Ko ētahi o ngā huarahi e kōrerohia pinepinetia ana ko:
1. Te urunga ōrite ki te mātauranga kounga
Mā te haumi ki ngā kura tūmatanui, te whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā kaiako, ngā whare ako, me te urunga matihiko ka taea te whakawhāiti i te rerekētanga o ngā pūkenga e puta mai ana i te akomanga pāpori.
2. Te whakaū me te tautoko i ngā rōpū ngoikore
Mā ngā kaupapa karahipi e hangai ana ki te matea, ngā rohenga mō ngā rōpū e noho tahaetia ana, te ārahi mahi rānei, ka āwhina i te hunga whai pūmanawa engari kāore e taea te uru atu.
3. Te māramatanga me te kawenga i roto i te kimi kaimahi
Mā ngā paearu whiriwhiri mārama, ngā tukanga kua tuhia, me ngā tikanga piira ka taea te whakaiti i te tikanga whakahāwea, te whakahāwea huna rānei.
4. Whakaaetia ngā āhuatanga o te waimarie me te hanganga
Me whakataurite te kōrero a te marea i te whakamihi i te mahi uaua me te mōhiotanga ka awehia hoki te angitu e te horopaki pāpori, ngā whai wāhitanga, me te tautoko.
5. Kupenga haumaru pāpori
Mā ngā pūnaha hauora, te āwhina mō te kore mahi, me ngā tiakitanga kaimahi ka āwhina i te tangata kia tūpono ki te angitu me te kore e wehi kei taka ki te rawakore.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mana whakahaere i roto i te ao hou e tuku ana i te kupu whakaari mō te tika: ka aromatawaihia te katoa i runga i ō rātou pūkenga me te mahi uaua. Ki tētahi taumata, he mea nui tēnei mātāpono mō te waihanga i ngā umanga whai hua, te whakaiti i te mana whakahaere, me te whakatenatena i te auahatanga. Heoi anō, kei roto hoki i te mana whakahaere tētahi āhuatanga whakahē: ki te kore he ōritetanga tūturu o ngā whai wāhitanga, ka taea e ia te heke hei whakaaro e whakatika ana i te kore ōritetanga, e whakapae ana i te patunga, ā, e whakangaro ana i te kotahitanga pāpori.
Nō reira, ko te wero matua o te ao hou ehara i te whiriwhiri i waenga i te mana whakahaere me te mana kore-mana, engari ko te hanga i tētahi mana whakahaere atawhai tangata: tētahi e whakauru ana i te kōwhiringa tika me ngā kaupapa here e whakawhāiti ana i te āputa tuatahi. Pēnei, ehara te "whakatutukitanga" i te mea e tika ana mā te hunga tokoiti whai rawa nui, engari he whai wāhitanga tūturu mā te tini o ngā tāngata whenua kia tupu me te whai wāhi.
