Te Ariā Pūtea Ahurea i roto i te Mātauranga
I te ao mātauranga, e whakaarohia ana ko te angitu o te ako ka whakatauhia e te mohio o te tangata takitahi, te mahi uaua, te kounga rānei o te kura. Heoi, he uaua ake te āhua o te ao. He maha ngā ākonga he rite tonu te uaua me te mohio, engari he rerekē tonu ngā whakatutukitanga mātauranga nā te kore ōrite o ngā papamuri pāpori. Ko tētahi ariā e āwhina ana ki te whakamārama i tēnei kore ōrite ko te ariā o te whakapaipai ahurea, i whakawhanakehia tuatahitia e te tohunga hapori Wīwī a Pierre Bourdieu. E whakamārama ana tēnei ariā me pēhea e whai hua ai ētahi "rawa" ahurea—pērā i ngā tauira kōrero, ngā hiahia, ngā tikanga ako, me te mōhiotanga ki te pūnaha mātauranga—ki ētahi ākonga, ā, ka ārai i ētahi atu.
Te Mārama ki te Pūtea Ahurea
Ko te whakapaipai ahurea ko te kohinga o ngā mātauranga, ngā pūkenga, ngā momo noho, me ngā āhua ahurea e mau ana i te tangata, ā, ka taea e ia te whakamahi hei whiwhi i te mōhiotanga pāpori me ngā painga i roto i ngā momo ao, tae atu ki te mātauranga. He rerekē ki te whakapaipai ōhanga (te moni me ngā rawa), he maha ngā wā kāore e kitea te whakapaipai ahurea, engari he tino tūturu tōna pānga. I roto i te horopaki kura, ka awe te whakapaipai ahurea i te mārama o ngā ākonga ki ngā akoranga, te taunekeneke ki ngā kaiako, te whai wāhi ki ngā kōrero, me te urutau ki ngā tono mātauranga.
I whakanui a Bourdieu ehara ngā kura i te wāhi tino kūpapa. E whakaaro ana rātou ki ngā tikanga me ngā mātauranga o ētahi rōpū pāpori—ko te nuinga o te hunga o te akomanga waenga me te akomanga o runga—hei paerewa "noa" "pai" rānei. Nō reira, ko ngā ākonga kua whakawhanaungatia ki taua ahurea mai i te tamarikitanga ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka angitu, ko ngā ākonga ia nō ngā momo papamuri ka uaua ake ki te ako i te "reo" me ngā ture kāore i tuhia.
Ngā Momo Pūtea Ahurea e Toru
E toru ngā momo matua o te whakapaipai ahurea e wehewehea ana e Bourdieu, ā, he mahi tā ia momo i roto i te mātauranga:
1. Te whakapaipai ahurea kua whakatinanahia
Koinei te whakapaipai ahurea e mau ana i roto i te tangata, pērā i ngā tauira kōrero, ngā tikanga, ngā tikanga pānui, te māia ki te whakapuaki whakaaro, me te āhua o te whakapuaki whakaaro. Ka hangaia tēnei whakapaipai mā roto i tētahi tukanga roa i roto i te whānau me te taiao pāpori. Hei tauira, ko ngā tamariki kua taunga ki ngā kōrero i te kāinga ka pai ake te tautohetohe i roto i te akomanga.
2. Te whakapaipai ahurea kua whakaritea
Ko ēnei rawa he taonga ahurea pēnei i ngā pukapuka, ngā rorohiko, te ipurangi, ngā taonga puoro, ngā mahi toi, ngā wāhi ako rānei e tika ana. Ahakoa ka taea e te pupuri i ēnei rawa te tautoko i te ako, me whakamahi tonu i ngā rawa ahurea kia pai ai te whakamahinga. Hei tauira, ka nui ake te pānga o te whai pukapuka nui ki te kāinga mēnā ka ārahihia ngā tamariki ki te pānui me te mārama.
3. Te whakapaipai ahurea kua whakapūmautia
E pā ana tēnei momo ki te whakamanatanga ā-ture pērā i ngā tohu paerua, ngā tiwhikete, ngā tohu paetahi, me ngā tohu mātauranga. I roto i te mātauranga me te wāhi mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te whakapaipai ahurea kua whakatūria hei ine i te "pūkenga" o te tangata. Heoi, kāore i te ōrite tonu te whiwhi tohu paerua kounga mō te katoa, nā te mea he nui te awe o te whakapaipai ahurea o mua ki te tukanga e arahi ana ki taua mea.
Te Pūtea Ahurea me te Whakaputa i te Tauritekore o te Mātauranga
Ko tētahi o ngā whakaaro matua a Bourdieu ko te mātauranga ka whai wāhi ki te whakaputa uri pāpori, arā, te whakahoki me te pupuri i ngā hanganga o te kore taurite mai i tētahi whakatipuranga ki tētahi whakatipuranga. He maha ngā wā ka tirohia ngā kura hei huarahi ki te nekenekehanga pāpori, engari e ai ki te ariā whakapaipai ahurea, ka taea hoki e ngā kura te noho hei tikanga "whakakotahi" i ētahi tūranga pāpori.
Hei tauira, he maha ngā kura e aromatawai ana i ngā pūkenga reo tuhituhi me te reo kōrero ki ngā paerewa motuhake—pērā i te kaha ki te tito tuhinga tautohetohe, te whakamahi i ngā kupu mātauranga, te kōrero rānei i roto i te momo kōrero ōkawa. Ko ngā ākonga kua taunga ki te whakarongo ki ō rātou mātua e kōrero ana, e pānui pukapuka ana, e taunekeneke ana i roto i ngā taiao pāpori e tautoko ana i ēnei pūkenga ka ngāwari ake te whakatutuki i ēnei paerewa. I taua wā, ko ngā ākonga kāore he wheako rite ka kiia he "iti ake te kaha," i te mea ko te mea pono, kāore i a rātou te urunga atu ki te whakapaipai ahurea.
I tēnei āhuatanga, te āhua nei he mea nui ki ngā kura te "whakatutukitanga" whai take, engari he painga huna kei roto mō te hunga kua mauria mai e rātou te pūtea ahurea e hangai ana ki te ahurea o te kura.
Te Habitus me ngā "Ture Kore Tuhituhi" i ngā Kura
Kāore e taea te wehewehe i te ariā o te whakapaipai ahurea mai i te ariā o te habitus, arā, ngā tauira o te whakaaro, ngā tikanga, me ngā whanonga i hangaia i roto i ngā wheako o te ao. Mā te habitus ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te tangata ki te "whakamarie" me te "tauhou" i roto i tētahi taiao. I te kura, ko ngā ākonga he habitus e hangai ana ki te ahurea o te kura ka nui ake te māia, ka kaha ake te pātai, ā, ka ngāwari ake te mārama ki ngā tumanakohanga a ngā kaiako.
I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā ākonga he rerekē ō rātou whanonga, tera pea ka kite rātou i te kura he wāhi tauhou. Tērā pea kāore rātou i te taunga ki te kōrero i te aroaro o te marea, kāore rānei i te mōhio ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro, kāore rānei i te mōhio ki ngā rautaki ako e kiia ana e ngā kaiako he mea noa. Ehara tēnei i te mea he take noa iho o te kaha o te hinengaro, engari he rerekētanga roa o ngā tauira whakahoahoa.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, kei te kura ētahi "ture kāore i tuhia": me pēhea te tono āwhina mai i ngā kaiako, me pēhea te whiriwhiri i ngā mahi rautaki i waho o te kura, me pēhea te hanga i tētahi putea hei whakauru atu ki tētahi kura, ki tētahi whare wānanga rānei. He maha ngā wā ka pai ake te taputapu o ngā ākonga whai pūtea ahurea kaha ki te whakatere i ēnei pūnaha, ko ētahi ia ka whakatere me te kore he mahere.
Ngā Tauira o te Pūtea Ahurea i roto i te Mahi Mātauranga
I roto i te oranga o ia rā, ka kitea te whakapaipai ahurea i roto i ngā mea ngāwari noa iho. Hei tauira:
– Ngā pūkenga pānui me te tuhituhi: Ko ngā tamariki kua taunga ki te pānuitia he pūrākau mai i te tamarikitanga ka tere ake te mōhio ki ngā hanganga kōrero, ā, ka kaha ake hoki tō rātou māramatanga ki te pānui.
– Te momo kōrero: Ko ngā ākonga e kaha ana ki te kōrero i roto i te momo kōrero ōkawa, hanganga hoki, e kiia ana he "mōhio" ake, he "pakeke" ake rānei, ahakoa kāore i te pai ake te mauri o ō rātou whakaaro i ngā wā katoa.
– Te mōhiotanga mō te ao mātauranga: Ko ngā ākonga kua haere ō rātou mātua ki te whare wānanga, he nui ake te mōhio ki ngā kōwhiringa nui, ngā karahipi, ngā whakahaere o te puni, me te hiranga o te whatunga.
– Ngā mahi whakarei ake: Mā ngā akoranga reo, ngā akoranga puoro, ngā haerenga rānei ki ngā whare taonga ka whānui ake ōu tirohanga me te whakapakari ake i tō whakapono ki te taiao kura.
Mai i ēnei tauira e mārama ana ko te whakapaipai ahurea e mahi ana mā roto i ngā tukanga ngawari, he maha ngā wā kāore e kitea e ngā kaiako me ngā ākonga, engari he pono ōna pānga ki te whakatutukitanga mātauranga.
Ngā Pānga ki ngā Kaiako me te Kaupapahere Mātauranga
He mea nui te mārama ki te ariā o te whakapaipai ahurea kia kore ai ngā kaiako me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here e kī noa i te whakatutukitanga o ngā ākonga ki te mahi takitahi. He maha ngā pānga mahi:
1. Kia mōhio ki te kanorau o ngā papamuri o ngā ākonga
Me mārama ngā kaiako he pānga tō te taiao kāinga ki ngā momo ako me ngā momo whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a ngā ākonga. Kaua ngā aromatawai e ine noa i ngā "momo" e tika ana mō te ahurea engari me whakanui hoki i te kanorau o te whakapuakitanga me te mātauranga.
2. Whakaakona māramatia te "waehere" mātauranga
He maha ngā pūkenga kura e whakaarohia ana he mea taketake i roto i ngā ākonga, engari kāore i te katoa. Mā ngā rautaki pēnei i te whakaako whakarāpopototanga, ngā tikanga whakaaturanga, te hanganga tuhinga roa, me te kimi rauemi ka āwhina i ngā ākonga kāore anō kia mau i ēnei pūkenga ahurea.
3. Te whakawhānui ake i te urunga atu ki ngā rauemi ako
Ka taea e ngā kura te whakarato whare pukapuka hohe, ngā kaupapa pānui me te tuhituhi, te urunga ipurangi, te arataki mahi, me ngā mahi toi me ngā mahi ahurea kia whiwhi ai ngā ākonga i ngā wheako hei whakarei ake i ō rātou rawa ahurea.
4. Te hanga hononga mahi tahi me ngā whānau me ngā hapori
Engari i te whakapae i ngā whānau mō te "kore tautoko", ka taea e ngā kura te hanga hononga mahi tahi: te whakangungu mātua, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whānui, me ngā kaupapa hapori e whakatenatena ana i te ahurea ako kāinga.
Whakamutunga
Ko te ariā o te whakapaipai ahurea i roto i te mātauranga he tirohanga nui hei tiro i te angitu mātauranga ehara i te mea he take noa iho o te kaha takitahi, engari e pā ana hoki ki te taonga tuku iho ahurea me te pāpori e kawea mai ana e ngā ākonga ki te kura. Mā te mārama ki te whakapaipai ahurea—i roto i ōna āhua whakatinanatanga, āhua-whakaaro, me ngā āhua whakahaere—ka taea e tātou te kite i te āhua o te kore taurite mātauranga me te take e ngāwari ake ai te urutau o ētahi ākonga ki ngā tono a te kura.
I taua wā anō, ka huaki ake ngā huarahi whakapai ake i tēnei ariā: kāore e taea e ngā kura te mahi hei wāhi e whakakaha ana i te kore taurite, engari hei wāhi e āwhina ana i ngā ākonga katoa ki te uru atu ki te "reo mātauranga", ngā rauemi ako, me ngā rautaki e hiahiatia ana hei oranga mō rātou. Mā tēnei, ka taea e te mātauranga te neke tata atu ki te kaupapa o te tika pāpori: te whakarato i te whai wāhitanga ōrite ki ia tamaiti kia angitu.
