Ngā Tikanga Hī Ika e Pai ana ki te Taiao
Kua tautoko te hī ika i ngā hapori tangata mō ngā mano tau, e whakarato ana i te kai, te mahi, me ngā whai wāhitanga whakangahau puta noa i te ao. Heoi, nā te nui rawa o te hī ika me ngā mahi kore-tauwhiro kua heke te taupori ika, te ngaronga o te kanorau koiora, me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga. Ko te neke ki ngā tikanga hī ika e pai ana ki te taiao ehara i te mea he mea nui ki te taiao engari he kawenga matatika ki ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga ngā momo tikanga hī ika tauwhiro, ō rātou painga, me te pānga whānui ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana me ngā hapori takutai.
Te Hiranga o te Hī Ika Tauwhiro
E ai ki te pūrongo a te United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) e tata ana ki te 34% o ngā ika o te ao e nui rawa ana te hī ika, he tatauranga whakararuraru tēnei e whakaatu ana i te hiahia nui mō ngā huringa. Ka whakararuraru te hī ika nui i te taurite o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, ka heke te maha o ngā momo ika matua, ka heke hoki te kounga o ngā nohoanga pērā i ngā toka korara me ngā mangrove. I te wā roa, ka tūpono tēnei ki ngā oranga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te hī ika.
Ko te whāinga o ngā tikanga hī ika e pai ana ki te taiao ko te whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha (te hopunga kāore i te tūmanakohia o ngā momo ika kāore i te whaingahia), te tiaki i ngā ika taitamariki, me te whakaiti i te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga. Heoi anō, ko ngā tikanga tauwhiro he mea whai hua ake i te taha ōhanga i te wā roa, nā te mea ka roa te ora o ngā ika me te hauora o ngā taiao moana.
Taputapu Hī Ika Kōwhiri
Ko tētahi o ngā mātāpono matua o te hī ika tauwhiro ko te whakaiti i ngā ika taha-kore, ka taea te whakatutuki mā te whiriwhiri i ngā taputapu hī ika. Ko ngā tikanga hī ika tuku iho pērā i te hī ika ki te tō, he maha ngā wā ka hua ake he nui ngā ika taha-kore, tae atu ki ngā momo ika me ngā ika taitamariki e tata ana ki te ngaro, ā, ka nui te kino ki te taiao.
1. Ngā Matau Porowhita:
He mea hanga ngā matau porowhita hei whakaiti i te nui o te hopunga taha. Kāore i rite ki ngā matau-J, he iti ake te tūponotanga ka horomia e ngā ika ngā matau porowhita, arā, ka taea te tuku haumaru mena ehara i te momo e whaia ana. He tino whai hua ēnei i roto i ngā hī ika roa, he mea nui te whakaiti i te hopunga o ngā momo ehara i te whaia.
2. Ngā Pūrere Whakaiti i te Hoputanga Mai i te Hopu (BRD):
Ko ngā BRD he whakarerekētanga ki ngā taputapu hī ika e āhei ai ngā momo kāore i te whainga kia mawhiti. Hei tauira, mā ngā taputapu ārai honu (TED) e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā ika kōura ka taea e ngā honu moana te puta i ngā kupenga me te pupuri tonu i te hopunga whainga. Waihoki, mā ngā matapihi mawhiti ika i roto i ngā kupenga kōura ka taea e ngā ika taitamariki me ētahi atu momo kāore i te whainga te mawhiti.
3. Te Hī Ika mā te Pou me te Raina:
Mā tēnei tikanga tuku iho ka whakamahia ngā tokotoko me ngā mōunu hei hopu ika takitahi. Ahakoa he nui te mahi, he tino whiriwhiri, ā, kāore e puta he hopunga taha. He mea tino kitea tēnei tikanga i roto i ngā mahi hī ika tuna, ā, e whakatairangahia ana hei whiringa pumau mā ngā kaihoko.
Parenga noho
He mea nui te tiaki i te uauatanga o te hanganga me te mahi a ngā nohanga moana hei pupuri i te kanorau koiora me te hauora o te taupori ika. Kua whakarerekētia, kua whakawhāitihia rānei ētahi tikanga hī ika hei ārai i te whakangaromanga o ngā nohanga.
1. Ngā Rohe Kore-Tango:
Mā ngā Wāhi Tiaki Moana (MPA) me ngā rohe kore-hopu ika e aukatia rawatia ana te hī ika ka āwhina i te whakakī anō i ngā taupori kua nui rawa te hī ika. Ka mahi ēnei rohe hei wāhi whakatipu ika, ka taea ai e ngā ika taitamariki te tipu me te pakeke me te kore e pāngia e te mahi hī ika, ā, ka mutu, ka hua ake he painga ki ngā rohe e karapoti ana.
2. Ngā Whakarerekētanga Taputapu:
Mā te whakarerekē i ngā taputapu hei whakaiti i te pā ki te papa moana ka taea te whakaiti i te kino o te nohonga. Hei tauira, ko ngā ika hī ika haurua-moana kua hangaia kia kore ai ngā kupenga e tōia i te papa moana, ā, ka whakaiti i te pānga ki ngā pūnaha rauropi o te moana.
3. Te aukati i ngā mahi whakangaro:
Kua rāhuitia ētahi mahi whakangaro, pērā i te hī ika pahū me te hī ika cyanide, i ngā wāhi maha o te ao nā te mea he kino ngā pānga ki ngā toka korara me ētahi atu nohanga moana. He mea nui te whakatinana i ēnei rāhui hei tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana.
Ngā Tiwhikete Hī Ika Tauwhiro
Ko ngā tiwhikete pēnei i te Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) me te Friend of the Sea e whakarato ana i tētahi huarahi e ahu mai ana i te mākete ki te whakatairanga i te hī ika tauwhiro. Ka taea e ngā hī ika e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa taiao motuhake te whakamahi i ēnei tiwhikete hei tohu i tā rātou whakapau kaha ki ngā mahi tauwhiro ki ngā kaihoko. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa tēnei ki te tiaki i ngā rauropi moana engari ka whakamanahia hoki ngā kaihoko ki te whakatau i ngā kōwhiringa whai whakaaro.
1. Tiwhikete MSC:
Ka whakatakotohia e te MSC ngā paerewa mō te hī ika tauwhiro i runga i ngā mātāpono matua e toru: ngā momo ika tauwhiro, te whakaiti i te pānga ki te taiao, me te whakahaere whai hua. Ko ngā hī ika e tutuki ana i ēnei paerewa ka arotakehia me te arotake auau.
2. Hoa o te Moana:
Ehara i te mea ko ngā ika hopukina mai i te ngahere anake te kaupapa tiwhikete, engari e whakatairanga ana hoki i te mahi ahuwhenua wai pumau. Ka aromatawaihia ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te whakahaere kararehe, te whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha, me te kawenga pāpori.
Te Whai Wāhi Hapori me te Mātauranga Tuku Iho
I roto i te maha o ngā hapori takutai moana, kua whanake haere ngā tikanga hī ika tuku iho i roto i ngā rautau, ā, he maha ngā wā kei roto ngā āhuatanga pumau kāore i roto i ngā tikanga hou. Mā te whai wāhi atu ki ēnei hapori me te whakauru i ō rātou mātauranga ki roto i ngā mahere whakahaere ka hua ake he mahi tiaki taiao whai hua ake, e tika ana hoki mō te ahurea.
1. Te Whakahaere Hī ika ā-Hapori:
I roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere hapori, ka whai wāhi nui ngā hapori o te rohe ki te tiaki me te whakahaere i ā rātou rauemi moana. Ka whakamahia e tēnei huarahi ngā mōhiotanga ā-rohe, ā, ka whakatairanga i ngā hiahia me ngā tirohanga a te hunga e whakawhirinaki tika ana ki ngā rauemi hī ika.
2. Te Whakatairanga i te Tūruhi Taiao:
Ka taea e te tūruhi taiao te whakarato i ētahi atu huarahi oranga mō ngā hapori hī ika, me te whakaiti i te pēhanga ki ngā momo ika. Ko ngā mahi pēnei i te ruku wai, te ruku wai, me te mātakitaki kararehe mohoao ka whakarato i ngā whakatenatena ōhanga hei tiaki i ngā taiao moana.
3. Mātauranga me te Whakapā atu:
Mā ngā kaupapa mātauranga ka taea te whakapiki i te mōhiotanga mō te hiranga o ngā mahi hī ika tauwhiro i waenga i ngā hapori me ngā kaihoko. Mā te mārama ki ngā painga ā-taiao me te ā-ōhanga o te hī ika tauwhiro, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o ngā hapori ki te whakamahi me te whakatinana i ngā tikanga atawhai taiao.
Opaniraa
He mea nui te whakawhiti ki ngā tikanga hī ika e pai ana ki te taiao, mō te hauora o ō tātou moana me te oranga o ngā reanga kei te heke mai. Ahakoa he mea nui ngā whanaketanga hangarau me ngā wawaotanga kaupapa here, he maha ngā wā ka tīmata te huringa tūturu i te taumata hapori. Mā te awhi i ngā taputapu hī ika whiriwhiri, te tiaki i ngā nohonga nui, te tautoko i ngā tiwhikete tauwhiro, me te whakauru i ngā mātauranga tuku iho, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia noho tonu te hī ika hei puna kai me te oranga, me te kore e whakararu i te taurite taiao o te ao.
I roto i tēnei whatunga honohono o ngā mea ora o te moana, he mahi nui tā te tangata. Hei kaitiaki o ngā moana, ko tā tātou kawenga he tango me te whakatairanga i ngā tikanga hī ika e tautoko ana i te taiao me ngā hapori e whakawhirinaki ana ki a ia. Ehara i te mea ko te nui o te ika e taea ana e tātou te kohi, engari ko te kohi anake i ngā mea ka taea e te moana te homai hei oranga tonutanga.
