Te Whakarōpūtanga o ngā Momo Ika i te Moana
Ko te moana, e kapi ana i te 71% o te mata o te Ao, he pūnaha rauropi whānui, matatini hoki e kī ana i ngā momo ora kanorau, whakamīharo hoki. I roto i ēnei, he mahi nui tā ngā ika nā te mea he maha ngā momo, he rerekē ngā urutaunga o ia momo e āhei ai rātou ki te tupu i roto i ngā taiao moana rerekē. Hei mārama ake ki tēnei huihuinga nui, he āwhina ki te whakarōpū i ngā ika i runga i ngā paearu motuhake pēnei i te whakarōpūtanga, te nohonga, me te āhua o te tinana. Ko te whāinga o tēnei tuhinga he whakamārama i te whakarōpūtanga o ngā momo ika i te moana, me te whakarato i te māramatanga ki ō rātou kanorau whakamiharo.
Whakarōpūtanga Whakarōpū:
Ko te whakarōpūtanga, te pūtaiao o te whakaingoa, te tautuhi, me te whakarōpū i ngā rauropi, he tikanga matua mō te mārama ki te kanorau o ngā ika. E toru ngā akomanga matua o ngā ika: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, me Osteichthyes.
1. Ānata
Ko te ika kauae kore, ko Agnatha, tētahi o ngā rōpū kararehe tuawhenua tino taketake. Kei roto i tēnei akomanga ko ngā rāpeti me ngā ika hagfish. Kāore i ēnei momo he kauae tūturu me he tara takirua, ā, he tino māmā te hanganga o ō rātou tinana ki te whakataurite ki ētahi atu rōpū ika.
– He ika pirinoa, he ika tuna rānei ngā rāpeti, ā, he rite ki te tuna pirinoa, he waha ngote motuhake tō rātou, he rite ki te kōrere. Ka piri atu rātou ki ētahi atu ika hei kai i ō rātou toto.
– He kaiparau ngā ika hagfish e mōhiotia ana mō tō rātou kaha ki te whakaputa i te nui o te paru hei arai. Ka kai rātou i ngā ika mate, e tata mate ana rānei mā te keri ki roto i ngā tinana ka kai i a rātou mai i roto.
2. Ngā Kōnirikiti
E mōhiotia ana hoki ko ngā ika cartilaginous, he angaanga kei ngā mema o Chondrichthyes i hangaia ki te cartilaginous, kaua ki te wheua. Kua wehea tēnei akomanga ki ngā Elasmobranchii (mango, pari, me ngā reti) me ngā Holocephali (chimaera).
– He rongonui ngā mangō mōkai moana, he ātaahua ō rātou tinana, he koi hoki ō rātou kare ā-roto. Kei roto i ngā momo mangō te mangō iti me te mangō tohorā nui.
– Ko ngā ihi me ngā ihu hū he tinana papatahi me ngā tara uma whānui. He rite ki te ihu mānta, he maha ngā wero paitini o ngā ihi, engari kāore i te rite ngā urutaunga o ngā ihu hū.
– He roa ngā tinana o ngā Chimaera, arā, ngā mangō wairua, ā, he rerekē hoki tōna āhua tinana i ērā atu ika angiangi. E noho ana rātou i ngā wai moana hohonu.
3. Ngā Osteichthyes
Ko ngā Osteichthyes, arā, ngā ika wheua, te momo ika tino kanorau, e 96% pea o ngā momo ika katoa. E rua ngā momo ika o tēnei momo ika: ko te Actinopterygii (ika he tara-rei) me te Sarcopterygii (ika he tara-pū).
– He tara ō ngā ika whai tara-rei e tautokona ana e ngā tuaiwi wheua e mōhiotia ana ko ngā tara. Hei tauira, ko ngā momo rongonui pērā i te tuna, te hāmana, me te ika clownfish.
– He kikokiko, he poroporo, he takirua ngā tara o ngā ika whai tara, e honoa ana ki te tinana mā te wheua kotahi. Kei roto i tēnei akomanga iti te coelacanth me te lungfish, e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga whanaketanga ahurei.
Whakarōpūtanga i runga i te Nohoanga:
Ka taea hoki te whakarōpū i ngā ika i runga i ngā nohoanga e nohoia ana e rātou. He rerekē rawa ngā taiao moana, ā, kua urutau ngā ika ki te tupu i roto i ngā āputa rauropi rerekē.
1. Ika Pelagic
Kei te moana whānui ngā ika o te moana e noho ana, e tawhiti atu ana i te papa o te moana. He maha ngā wā ka kitea rātou i roto i ā rātou tauira hekenga me ā rātou whanonga kura.
– Te Rohe Epipelagic Kei te paparanga o runga rawa o te moana ngā ika e noho ana, tae atu ki te 200 mita te hohonutanga. Ko tēnei paparanga, e mōhiotia ana ko te rohe rā, he kāinga mō ngā momo ika pēnei i te sardine, te makarera, me ētahi tuna.
– Te Rohe Mesopelagic E noho ana ngā ika i waenga i te 200 ki te 1,000 mita i raro i te mata. E mōhiotia ana ko te rohe ahiahi, ā, e nohoia ana e ngā momo bioluminescent pērā i te lanternfish me te bristlemouths.
– Te Rohe Pūtaima-ā-roto Ka noho ngā ika ki te rohe waenganui pō, i waenga i te 1,000 ki te 4,000 mita te hohonu. I konei, ka taunga ngā ika pēnei i te anglerfish me te gulper eels ki te noho i te pōuri me te pēhanga nui.
2. Ika Demersal
He ika noho-papa te ika demersal e noho tata ana ki te papa o te moana, ki runga rānei i te papa o te moana. He maha ā rātou urutaunga e āhei ai rātou ki te kai i ngā mea ora o te moana.
– Kei ngā wai pāpaku e tata ana ki te takutai moana ngā ika o te takutai moana. E noho ana ngā momo ika pēnei i te pāpaka, te kūmara, me te pāpaka moana ki tēnei rohe.
– Kei ngā hohonutanga nui ake te noho o ngā ika o te moana hōhonu, i tua atu i te papa whenua. Kei roto i tēnei rōpū ngā momo pērā i te hagfish, e kohi kai ana i ngā hohonutanga tino nui.
3. Ika Ākau
Kei roto, kei te taha hoki o ngā toka korara ngā ika ākau e noho ana. He nui te kanorau o ngā momo e tautokona ana e ēnei taiao nā te mea he uaua ngā hanganga me te nui o ngā rauemi.
– He kanapa ngā tae o ngā Ika Ākau o te Rohe, tae atu ki ngā momo pērā i te ika kākāriki, te ika clownfish, me te ika pūrerehua. Ko ō rātou tae he huna i te kanohi, he kukume i ngā hoa, he whakaatu hoki i ō rātou rohe.
– E noho ana ngā ika ākau ngawari i ngā wai matao, tae atu ki ngā momo pērā i te rimu me ngā momo wrasse.
Te Whakarōpūtanga ā-tinana me te whanonga:
Ka taea hoki te whakarōpū i ngā ika i runga i ngā āhuatanga me ngā whanonga ā-tinana.
1. Ngā Planktivore
Ko te plankton te kai matua a ngā ika planktivorous. Hei tauira, ko te mangō tohorā nui e kai tātari ana me te mangō peia, tae atu ki ngā momo iti pērā i te anchovies me te hereni.
2. Ngā ika pīkiwā
He momo kai kikokiko ngā ika kai ika, ā, ko te nuinga o te wā ka kai i ētahi atu ika. Kei roto i tēnei kāwai ngā kaipahua koi pērā i te mangō, te ika hoari, me te barakuda.
3. Ngā kararehe kai otaota
Ko ngā ika kai otaota he kai i ngā otaota moana, pērā i te rimurimu me te tarutaru moana. Ko te kākā me ētahi momo kākā he tauira o ngā ika kai otaota e kitea ana i roto i ngā taiao toka korara.
4. Ngā Kai Omnivore
He momo kai ka kainga e ngā ika kai-katoa, tae atu ki ngā kararehe me ngā tipu. He maha ngā momo ika ākau, pērā i te sergeant major, e whakaatu ana i ngā whanonga kai-katoa, e urutau ana i ā rātou kai ki ngā rauemi e wātea ana.
5. Ngā Kaiparau me ngā Kaipahua
He kai rauropi mate tā ēnei ika. Ko ngā momo pērā i te hagfish me ētahi momo catfish e mahi ana i tēnei mahi rauropi nui, e āwhina ana ki te hangarua i ngā matūkai i roto i ngā rauropi moana.
Conclusion:
He mahi uaua, he maha ngā āhuatanga o te whakarōpūtanga o ngā ika i te moana, e whakaata ana i te kanorau whakamiharo me te urutau o ēnei mea ora wai. Mā te mārama ki ngā whakarōpūtanga whakarōpū, ā-nohoanga, me ā-tinana, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā kaiwhaiwhai te maioha ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te ora moana. I te mea kei te whānui haere tonu tō tātou mōhiotanga ki ngā hōhonutanga o te moana, ka nui haere hoki tō tātou whakamoemiti ki ngā ika e noho ana i reira, e whai wāhi motuhake ana ia ki te oraora o te pūnaha rauropi moana.
