Te Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Moana me ngā Moana
He nui ngā wai o te ao e kapi ana i te 71% o tōna mata. Kei roto i ēnei whānuitanga wai ko ngā moana me ngā moana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei kupu e rua. Heoi anō, he rerekē ngā āhuatanga o ngā moana me ngā moana e wehewehe ana i a rātou i runga i te rahi, te tauwāhi, ngā āhuatanga taiao, me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga hei mārama ki te uaua me te kanorau o ngā pūnaha wai o te ao.
Whakamāramatanga me te Rahi
Ko ngā moana ngā tinana wai tote nui rawa atu, e kapi ana i ngā whānuitanga whānui, tonu, e kapi ana i te 97% o te wai o te Ao me te 70% o tōna mata. E rima ngā moana matua: ko te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, ko te Moana Ataratiki, ko te Moana Īnia, ko te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me te Moana Ātiki. Ko te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, te Moana nui rawa atu o ēnei katoa, e horapa ana i te 63 miriona maero tapawha. Nā te nui o te tauine, he pānga nui tō ngā moana ki te āhuarangi o te ao, ki ngā tauira huarere, me ngā mea ora o te moana.
He rerekē, he iti ake ngā moana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka karapotia e te whenua. Ahakoa neke atu i te 50 ngā moana huri noa i te ao, he rerekē te rahi me te hohonu o ia moana. Hei tauira, e 965,000 maero tapawha te rahi o te Moana Mediterranean, ko te Moana Baltic ia e 146,000 maero tapawha anake te rahi. He maha ngā wā he wāhanga moana ngā moana, e hono ana ki a rātou mā roto i ngā awaawa, ā, ka taea te awe tika i ngā rohe takutai e tata ana ki a rātou.
Tauwāhi Matawhenua me te Ārai
He whānui, he whānui hoki ngā moana, e noho ana hei wai nui e wehe ana i ngā whenua nui. Ka kitea i waenganui i ngā whenua nui, ā, he iti noa iho ngā ārai. Hei tauira, kei waenganui i ngā whenua o Amerika ki te hauauru me Ūropi me Āwherika ki te rawhiti te Moana Ataratiki. Nā te whānui me te hononga tuwhera, ka āwhina ngā moana i te whakatere moana o te ao, ā, he mea nui i roto i ngā tau kua pahure ake nei mō te hokohoko me te tūhuratanga.
Ko ngā moana ia, he iti ake, he nui ake te rohe whenua. Ko te Moana Mediterranean, e karapotia ana e te tonga o Ūropi, Āwherika ki te Raki, me te Rawhiti Tata, he tauira pai. Waihoki, ko te Moana Whero e karapotia ana e te Arapi Peninsula me Āwherika ki te Raki. Nā tēnei āhua rohe-haurua o ngā moana ka hua ake he pūnaha rauropi ahurei me ngā āhuatanga āhuarangi e wehewehe ana i a rātou mai i te moana tuwhera.
Te Hōhonutanga me te Kanorau Koiora
He hohonu ake ngā moana i ngā moana, ā, ko te hohonutanga toharite he tata ki te 12,080 putu (3,682 mita). Ko te wāhanga hohonu rawa o tētahi moana, ko te Mariana Trench i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, e heke ana ki raro ki te 36,070 putu (10,994 mita). Mā tēnei hohonutanga whakamiharo ka whakatipuria he whānuitanga o ngā momo koiora, mai i te rohe whakaahua e uru ana te rā, e tautoko ana i te plankton me ētahi atu rauropi whakaahua, ki ngā mania pōuri, teitei te pēhanga, te kāinga o ngā mea hanga ahurei kua taunga ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino.
He pāpaku ake ngā moana, ā, he toharite i waenga i ngā rau ki ngā mano putu te hohonutanga. Hei tauira, ko te hohonutanga toharite o te Moana Mediterranean he tata ki te 4,900 putu (1,500 mita). Mā ōna wai pāpaku ake ka nui ake te hihi o te rā e uru mai, ka whakatairanga i ngā mea ora o te moana he nui ake ngā mea ora, he ngāwari ake hoki te uru atu. Ko te taiao kua karapotia me ngā rerenga mai o ngā matūkai mai i ngā whenua e karapoti ana ka whai wāhi ki te huri i ngā moana hei wāhi wera mō te kanorau koiora e kī ana i ngā ika, ngā toka korara, me ētahi atu mea ora o te moana.
Te Tote me te Hanganga o te Wai
He rerekē rawa te taumata tote, te kukū tote rānei, i waenga i ngā moana me ngā moana nui. Ko te awhe tote pumau o ngā moana tuwhera he 35 ngā wāhanga mō ia mano (ppt). Ko te hua o tēnei pumautanga whanaunga he nui te rahinga o te wai, ā, ko te mimiti, te ua, me ngā rerenga mai o te awa ka hanga he pūnaha taurite puta noa i ngā rohe whānui.
He nui ake te rerekētanga o te tote i roto i ngā moana, inā koa ko ngā moana kāore i te whenua. Hei tauira, ko te Moana Mate, he roto tote kāore i te whenua, e kiia ana he moana, he tata ki te 300 ppt te tote, koia tētahi o ngā wai tote rawa o te ao. Ko te rerenga mai o te wai māori mai i ngā awa me te iti o te rerenga atu ka tino whakarerekē i te tote o ngā moana, ka pā ki ngā momo momo kua urutau ki te noho i roto i ēnei taiao.
Te Hiranga o te Taiao me te Ōhanga
He mea nui ngā moana ki te taurite o te taiao o te ao, he mea nui hoki tā rātou mahi ki te whakahaere i te āhuarangi o te Ao mā te tohatoha i te wera mā roto i ngā ia moana pērā i te Gulf Stream. He puna waro nui ēnei, e mimiti ana i te nuinga o te CO2 e hangaia ana e te tangata, ā, mā reira ka whakaiti i ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi. Ka tautokohia hoki e ngā moana te tini o ngā mea ora o te moana, e whakarato ana i te kai, te mahi, me ngā whai wāhitanga whakangahau ki ngā miriona tāngata o te ao.
He nui te hiranga o ngā moana, inā koa ko ērā e tata ana ki te nohoanga o te tangata, ki te taha taiao me te taha ōhanga. Nā te nui o ngā momo koiora o ngā moana e tautoko ana i ngā mahi hī ika arumoni, he mea nui ēnei mō ngā ōhanga ā-rohe. Hei tāpiri, nā te mea he mea nui mō te kawe waka moana, te tūruhi, me te rangahau pūtaiao, nā reira ka taea te uru atu. Ko ngā rohe pēnei i te Coral Triangle i te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa ki te Hauāuru, e taupatupatu ana ki ngā moana, e rongonui ana mō te nui o ngā momo koiora moana, ā, he rohe tiaki taiao nui.
Ngā Rohe Whakatere me te Moana
Mai i te tirohanga whakatere, ka whakawhitia ngā moana e ngā ara kaipuke o te ao, e āhei ai te nekehanga o ngā taonga puta noa i te ao. Ko ēnei ara, kāore e herea e te mana whakahaere ā-motu, kei raro i te kaupapa o te ture moana o te ao. Ko te whānui me te hōhonutanga o ngā moana e hiahia ana ki ngā hangarau whakatere matatau me ngā kaipuke nunui ake i hangaia mō te haere roa i ngā wai kino pea.
Nā te mea e tata ana ngā moana ki ngā rohe takutai, ka taka tika atu ki raro i te mana whakahaere o ngā whenua tata. Ko ngā wai rohe, e 12 maero te roa mai i te takutai o te whenua, ka whakahaerehia e ngā ture ā-motu. Nā tēnei tata me te ture, he mea nui ngā moana mō ngā mahi kawe waka ā-rohe me ngā mahi moana. Hei tāpiri, ko te whakahaere rauemi me ngā tiakitanga taiao i ngā moana he mea whakarite ki ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao me ngā whakaritenga takirua i waenganui i ngā whenua tata.
Opaniraa
Ahakoa he wāhanga nui ngā moana me ngā moana iti o te ao tūroa o te Ao, he nui ngā rerekētanga. He whānui, he hohonu, ā, kāore i te herea e te whenua ngā moana, he mea nui ki te whakahaere i te āhuarangi o te ao me te kanorau o te moana. Nā te mea he iti ake, he pāpaku ake, ā, he maha ngā wā e karapotia ana e te whenua ngā moana, he nui ngā pūnaha rauropi e pā nui ana ki ngā taiao takutai me ngā taiao ā-rohe. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga kia mārama ai ki te uaua o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana me ngā mahi rerekē a ēnei wai i runga i tō tātou ao.
