Te Āhua me te Urutau o ngā Kararehe Moana
Neke atu i te 70% o te mata o te Ao e kapi ana i ngā moana, ā, he maha ngā momo ora e nohoia ana e ēnei momo. He maha ngā momo urutaunga whakamīharo a ngā kararehe moana e āhei ai rātou ki te ora i roto i ngā taiao kanorau, ā, he maha ngā wā he uaua. Ko te āhua o ngā mea ora, arā, te ako i te āhua me te hanganga o ngā rauropi, he mea nui ki te mārama me pēhea te whanaketanga o ēnei mea ora ki te tupu i raro i ngā ngaru. Ka rukuhia e tēnei tuhinga te āhua me ngā tikanga urutaunga o ngā momo kararehe moana, me te wetewete i ngā huarahi uaua e whakatere ana, e whāngai ana, e whakaputa uri ana, e karo ana hoki i te kaipahua.
1. Ngā Urutau Āhua ki te Puea
Ko tētahi o ngā wero matua e pā ana ki ngā kararehe moana ko te whakatutuki i te pōrewarewa kore – te āhua e kore ai te rauropi e totohu, e mānu rānei. Kua whanakehia e ngā momo momo ngā āhuatanga āhua ahurei hei whakahaere i tēnei.
Ko te tikanga, ka whakamahia e ngā ika he pūkahukahu kaukau kī tonu i te hau, ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē hei whakahaere i tō rātou pōrewarewa. Heoi, kāore i te mango tēnei hanganga, ā, kua whanakehia he ate hinuhinu e whakarato ana i te pōrewarewa. Hei tāpiri, ko te āhua me te hanganga o ngā tinana ika kua urutauhia kia pai ai te neke i roto i te wai. Ka whakaitihia e ngā tinana ngāwari te tō, ko ngā tara me ngā hiku ia e whakarato ana i te pana me te pumau.
He maha ngā huarahi e whakaoti ai ngā cephalopoda pērā i te wheke me te wheke i te raruraru o te pōrewarewa. He hanganga pakari ā-roto tō ngā wheke e kiia nei ko te pene, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakarerekē i tō rātou tūranga i roto i te pou wai mā te whakahaere i te nui o te hau i roto i ō rātou tinana.
2. Ngā Urutau mō te Pēhanga
I te hekenga o ngā kararehe moana ki ngā hohonutanga, ka piki haere te pēhanga e pā ana ki a rātou. Mō te tini, me nui ngā urutaunga āhua o tēnei.
Hei tauira, he maha ngā hanganga angaanga ngāwari o ngā ika moana hohonu, ā, he iti ake, he kore rānei ngā pūkahukahu kauhoe hei tu atu i te pēhanga nui. He rite tonu te ahua o ngā kiko o ēnei rauropi ki te gelatin, e āhei ai rātou ki te mahi pai i raro i te pēhanga nui. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā tukanga ā-tinana o ēnei kararehe, pērā i te mahi whākōkī, kua urutau ki te mahi pai ahakoa ngā āhuatanga uaua.
3. Ngā Whakarerekētanga Nekenekehanga
He tino whakamiharo ngā urutaunga a ngā kararehe moana mō te nekeneke i roto i te wai – he reo nui atu i te hau. He maha ngā āhuatanga āhua e whai wāhi ana ki te whakatere me te ngāwari o te nekeneke.
Ahakoa he kararehe whakangote ngā aihe me ngā tohorā, kua whanakehia e rātou he tinana angiangi me ngā parirau hei kauhoe pai. Ko ō rātou hiku, ko ō rātou piupiu rānei, ka neke ake, ka heke iho, kaua ki te taha ki te taha, he mea e kitea whānuitia ana i waenga i ngā ika. Mā tēnei urutaunga ahurei ka kaha te pana, ā, ka āwhina i te haere tawhiti.
Waihoki, he maha ngā ika e whakaatu ana i ngā momo āhua o ngā tara. Ko ngā tara uma motuhake o ētahi momo, pērā i te pari mānta, ka taea te nekeneke ātaahua, te rere, me te mea he manu te rere. Ko ētahi, pērā i te tuna, ka whakaatu i ngā nekehanga pōturi – he nekehanga rite ki te ngaru e akiaki ana i a rātou i roto i te wai.
4. Ngā Whakarerekētanga Whāngai
He kāinga te moana mō te tini o ngā rautaki whāngai, he rerekē hoki ngā urutaunga āhua o ia mea.
Hei tauira, kua whanakehia e ngā tohorā pārera ngā pereti pārera, e whakamahia ana e rātou hei tātari i te plankton me ngā ika ririki mai i te nui o te wai. I taua wā, ko te hanganga kauae ahurei o ngā mangō, he maha ngā rarangi niho koi, e āhei ai rātou ki te haehae i te kai.
Kua whanakehia e ngā ika kaipahua pērā i te ika anglerfish he maunu bioluminescent hei kukume i ngā kai kāore i te mōhiotia. Ka whakamahia e ngā ika anglerfish moana hohonu he tuaiwi tuara kua whakarerekētia me te okana e tuku mārama ana hei kukume i ngā kai kia tata ki te hopu.
5. Ngā Urutaunga Ā-Kare ā-Aro
Ka whakawhirinaki ngā kararehe moana ki ngā pūmanawa koi hei kimi kai, hei whakatere, hei karo i ngā kaipahua i roto i te taiao āhua-toru, he maha ngā wā he pōuri te mārama.
He rongonui ngā ika totoka (ngā aihe me ngā tohorā) mō ō rātou pūkenga ki te kimi i ngā oro. Ka tukuna e rātou ngā ngaru oro e pupuhi ana i ngā mea, ka taea ai e rātou te "kite" i te taiao me te tino tika. Ko te āhua o ō rātou mahunga me ngā hanganga ngako motuhake e kiia nei ko te merengi ka āwhina i te arotahi me te whakamaori i ēnei ngaru oro.
He rārangi taha ō ngā ika – arā, he whekau rongo e kite ana i ngā wiri me ngā panonitanga o te pēhanga wai. He mea nui tēnei urutau mō ngā whanonga kura me te karo i ngā kaipahua.
Kua whanake i roto i ētahi atu mea hanga o te moana hohonu, pērā i ētahi momo kōura, he kanohi tino tairongo kua urutau ki te kite i te bioluminescence ngoikore rawa i ngā hohonutanga pouri kerekere.
6. Ngā Urutau Whakaputa Uri
Kua whakawhanakehia e ngā kararehe moana he maha ngā rautaki whakaputa uri hei whakarite i te oranga o ā rātou uri i roto i ngā taiao uaua.
He maha ngā ika me ngā kararehe kore-tāiao e mahi ana i te whakamomona o waho, arā, ka tukuna ngā hua me ngā parāoa ki roto i te wai. Ahakoa he pai te kaha o tēnei tikanga, he maha ngā wā ka hua ake he nui ngā auau kaipahua. Hei ārai i tēnei, ka whakaputahia e ētahi momo he maha ngā hua, ka uru atu rānei ki ngā huihuinga whakaputa uri i te wā kotahi.
Ko ngā kararehe moana ia, he whakatōtō ā-roto tā rātou. Ka whānau mai ā rātou tamariki ora, ā, kua urutau rātou ki ngā whanonga me ngā āhuatanga tinana hei tautoko i te tiaki roa i ā rātou uri. Hei tauira, kua whanake ngā pinniped (ngā kekeno me ngā raiona moana) ki te tō ki uta, ki te hukapapa rānei hei whāngai me te tiaki i ā rātou kurī.
7. Ngā Urutaunga Ārai
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he parepare matatau mai i ngā kaipahua hei oranga mō te moana.
Ka taea e ētahi ika, pērā i te pūwero, te pupuhi i ō rātou tinana kia maha ngā wā i tō rātou rahi noa, ā, ka uaua ake te horomi. Haunga tēnei āhuatanga āhua, he maha ngā matū paitini kei a rātou hei parepare tuarua.
Kua whanake te kaha o ngā cephalopoda pērā i te wheke me te wheke ki te tuku kapua waituhi, ka taea ai e ēnei te whakapoauau i ngā kaipahua me te mawhiti. Kei a rātou anō hoki ngā chromatophores – he pūtau motuhake e taea ai te huri tere i te tae mō te huna i ō rātou kanohi, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero rānei.
Opaniraa
He maha ngā momo urutaunga āhua o ngā kararehe moana e āhei ai rātou ki te ora me te tupu i roto i ngā taiao moana rerekē, mai i ngā rohe takutai pāpaku ki ngā mania o te abyssal. Ko te hanganga tinana me te mahi ahurei o ia momo e whakaata ana i te hītori whanaketanga roa i whakaritea ki ngā wero motuhake o te ao moana. Mā te mārama ki ēnei urutaunga, ehara i te mea ka whakamārama noa i te uaua o te ora moana, engari ka whakaatu anō hoki i te ngoikore o ēnei pūnaha rauropi i roto i ngā huringa i puta mai i te tangata. I a tātou e whai ana ki te tiaki i ō tātou moana, ko te maioha hohonu ake ki te āhua me te mohio urutau o ngā kararehe moana ka taea te whakatenatena i ngā mahi tiaki taiao kia nui ake te mōhio.
