Ngā Mahi hei Tiaki i te Kanorau o te Moana
Ko te kanorau koiora o te moana, arā, ngā tini momo e noho ana i roto i ō tātou moana, he pou tokomanawa mō te pūnaha tautoko ora o Papatūānuku. He mahi nui tāna ki te hauora o tō tātou ao, e whakarato ana i te kai, e whakahaere ana i te āhuarangi, e tautoko ana hoki i ngā mahi ōhanga pēnei i te tūruhi me te hī ika. Heoi anō, kei raro tēnei kanorau koiora i te mōrearea nui mai i ngā mahi a te tangata, tae atu ki te hī ika nui rawa, te parahanga, te huringa āhuarangi, me te whakangaromanga o ngā nohoanga. He mea nui te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana mō te oranga o tō tātou ao me te tangata. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mahi maha e mahia ana puta noa i te ao hei tiaki me te pupuri i tēnei taonga taiao nui.
Ngā Wāhi Tiaki Moana (MPA)
Ko tētahi o ngā rautaki matua mō te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana ko te whakatūnga o ngā Wāhi Tiaki Moana (MPA). Koinei ngā rohe o te moana kua tohua hei tiaki i ngā momo mahi kino me te whakaiti. Ka taea e ngā MPA te ahu mai i ngā rohe kore-tango, e aukatia ana ngā mahi tango katoa, ki ngā rohe maha-whakamahinga e āhei ai te whakamahi rauemi iti, pumau hoki.
Kua kitea te angitu o ngā MPA i ngā rohe kanorau o te ao. Hei tauira, ko te Great Barrier Reef Marine Park o Ahitereiria tētahi o ngā kaupapa rongonui, e whakahaere ana ngā mahere rohe i ngā mahi hei whakamana i te tiaki me te whakamahinga pumau. Waihoki, ko te Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument i Hawai'i e kapi ana i te 1.5 miriona kiromita tapawha, koia tētahi o ngā wāhi tiaki nui rawa atu o te ao.
Ka āwhina ngā MPA ki te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana mā te whakarato i ngā piringa haumaru mō ngā momo e tata ana ki te ngaro, mā te tuku i ngā rauropi kia ora anō, me te pupuri i te kanorau ira o ngā mea ora o te moana. Ka tautoko hoki rātou i ngā mahi hī ika tata mā te pānga waipuke, arā, ko te hekenga o ngā taupori ika kua piki ake i roto i ngā rohe tiaki ki ngā rohe tata, ka whakarei ake i te hua o ngā mahi hī ika o te rohe.
Nga Tikanga Hī Ika Taumau
Nā ngā mahi hī ika koretake kua heke nui te taupori ika, ā, kua whakararuraru hoki i ngā pūnaha rauropi moana. Hei whakatika i tēnei, kei te haere tonu ngā mahi hei whakatairanga i ngā mahi hī ika tauwhiro e whakataurite ana i te hauora taiao me ngā hiahia ōhanga. Ko te whakatinana i ngā herenga hopu i runga i ngā aromatawai pūtaiao, te whakamahi i ngā taputapu hei whakaiti i te hopunga taha (te hopunga koretake o ngā momo kāore i te whainga), me te tiaki i ngā nohonga nui pērā i ngā wāhi whakaputa uri, ko ētahi o ngā mahi e whakamahia ana puta noa i te ao.
He nui ngā pānga o ngā hangarau whakaiti i ngā hopunga taha, pērā i ngā Pūrere Whakakore Honu (TED) i roto i te hī ika kōura. Mā ēnei taputapu ka taea e ngā kararehe nunui pērā i ngā honu moana te mawhiti me te pupuri i te hopunga ūnga. Waihoki, mā ngā kaupapa whakapai ake i te hī ika (FIP) ka huihui ngā kaipupuri hea ki te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakahaere pai ake, ā, ko te whāinga whakamutunga kia whiwhi tiwhikete i raro i ngā kaupapa pērā i te Marine Stewardship Council (MSC).
Te Whawhai ki te Parahanga
He tino mōrearea te parahanga moana, inā koa mai i ngā kirihou, ki te kanorau koiora o te moana. Ko ngā mahi hei whakaiti i tēnei take ko ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao, ngā kaupapa horoi ā-rohe, me ngā otinga whakahaere para auaha. Hei tauira, ko te Global Ghost Gear Initiative (GGGI) e whai ana ki te whakatika i te take o ngā taputapu hī ika ngaro, kua whakarērea rānei, ka taea te whakararu me te patu i ngā kararehe moana.
He mea nui ngā mahi a te hapori ā-rohe, pērā i ngā mahi horoi takutai me ngā kaupapa ako, ki te whakaiti i te parahanga. Ko ngā kaupapa rongonui pērā i te International Coastal Cleanup, i whakaritea e te Ocean Conservancy, ka akiaki i ngā tūao puta noa i te ao ki te tango i ngā para mai i ngā takutai me te tuhi i ā rātou kitenga, ka whakarato i ngā raraunga whai hua mō ngā mahi ka whai ake.
Ka whai wāhi atu hoki ngā huarahi auaha ki te whakatika i te parahanga moana. Ko ngā rauemi pirau-koiora hei whakakapi i ngā kirihou tuku iho me ngā pūnaha tātari matatau hei tango i ngā kirihou moroiti mai i te wai para he tauira o ngā whanaketanga hangarau e āwhina ana i tēnei kaupapa.
Te Huringa Hurirangi
Ko te huringa āhuarangi tētahi o ngā tūmomo riri nui ki te kanorau koiora o te moana, e pā ana ki ngā pāmahana o te moana, ngā taumata waikawa, me ngā taumata o te moana. Ko ngā mahi hei whawhai i te huringa āhuarangi e uru ana ki ngā rautaki whakaiti me ngā rautaki urutau. Ko ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao pērā i te Whakaaetanga o Parī e whai ana ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi puta noa i te ao, he mea nui tēnei mō te whakatau i ngā tauira āhuarangi e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana.
I te taumata ā-rohe, ko ngā mahi kei roto ko te whakaora i ngā mangrove, ngā tarutaru moana, me ngā toka korara, he mea nui ēnei mō te pupuri waro me te whakarato i ngā kāinga noho nui mō ngā mea ora o te moana. Hei tauira, ko ngā mangrove me ngā tarutaru moana ka hopu i te hauhā waro mai i te āhuarangi ka rongoa i roto i ō rātou koiora me ngā paru, ka mahi hei puna waro.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te tūhuratia e ētahi rohe te ariā o te whakamahere ā-wāhi moana (MSP) hei urutau ki te huringa āhuarangi. Ko te MSP he tātari me te tohatoha i ngā wāhanga o ngā taiao moana mō ngā whakamahinga motuhake, pērā i te tiaki taiao, te hī ika, me te tūruhi, hei āwhina i te whakataurite i ngā matea taiao me te ōhanga-pāpori.
Kaupapa Whakaora
He mea nui anō hoki ngā kaupapa whakaora mō te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana. Ko ngā kaupapa whakaora toka korari e uru ana ki ngā mahi pēnei i te māra toka, ka whakatipuria ngā kongakonga toka ki ngā whare whakatipu kātahi ka whakahokia ki ngā toka kua pakaru. Kua kitea te whai hua o ēnei kaupapa i ngā rohe pēnei i te Karipiana me te Great Barrier Reef.
Waihoki, kei te kaha haere ngā mahi ki te whakaora i ngā moenga tarutaru moana me ngā ngahere mangrove. Ehara i te mea he nui noa te kanorau o ēnei nohoanga, engari he tiaki hoki i ngā ngaru nui me te horo, he tautoko i ngā mahi hī ika, ā, he whakarei ake i te kounga o te wai. He mea nui te whai wāhi a te hapori ki ngā kaupapa whakaora, nā te mea he mea nui te mōhiotanga me te tiaki ā-rohe ki te angitu o ēnei mahi.
Mahi tahi o te Ao
He mea nui te mahi tahi ā-ao mō te tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana, nā te mea kei tua atu ngā pūnaha rauropi moana i ngā rohe ā-motu. He mahi nui tā ngā tiriti me ngā whakahaere o te ao ki te whakatairanga i te mahi tahi me te whakatakoto paerewa mō te tiaki moana. Kei roto i te Kawenata mō te Kanorau Koiora (CBD) ngā whāinga motuhake mō te kanorau koiora o te moana me te takutai moana i raro i tana Mahere Rautaki mō te Kanorau Koiora. Ka whakaratohia e te Kawenata a te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao mō te Ture o te Moana (UNCLOS) he anga ture mō te tiaki me te whakamahinga pumau o ngā moana me ō rātou rauemi.
Mā ngā mahi tahi ā-rohe, pērā i ngā mea i āwhinahia e te Coral Triangle Initiative, ka honoa ngā whenua ki te aro atu ki ngā wero tiaki moana. Ka tautokona ēnei mahi tahi e te tiritiri mātauranga, rauemi, me ngā tikanga pai, ā, ka āwhina i ngā whenua ki te hanga kaha mō te whakahaere kanorau koiora moana whai hua.
Te Maaramatanga me te Maatauranga
He mea nui te whakapiki i te mōhiotanga o te marea mō te hiranga o te kanorau koiora o te moana me ngā tūmomo mōrearea e pā ana ki a ia, hei kohi tautoko mō ngā kaupapa tiaki taiao. Mā ngā kaupapa me ngā kaupapa mātauranga kua hangaia hei whakamōhio me te whakauru i te marea ka arahi ki ngā huringa whanonga pai me te whakapiki ake i te whai wāhi ki ngā mahi tiaki taiao.
Kei te whakauruhia ngā kaupapa mātauranga moana, e whakarato ana i te mātauranga mō ngā taiao moana me tōna hononga ki te oranga o te tangata, ki roto i ngā marautanga kura me ngā mahi toro atu ki te hapori. Ka akiakihia e ngā papaaho pēnei i ngā tuhinga, ngā kaupapa pāpāho pāpori, me ngā kaupapa pūtaiao ā-iwi te whai wāhi whānui a te marea me te whakatairanga i te māramatanga hohonu ake ki ngā take moana.
Hei whakamutunga, he maha ngā āhuatanga o ngā mahi hei tiaki i te kanorau koiora o te moana, tae atu ki ngā wāhi tiaki, ngā mahi tauwhiro, te whakaiti i te parahanga, te mahi āhuarangi, ngā kaupapa whakaora, te mahi tahi o te ao, me te whai wāhi a te marea. He mea nui ēnei kaupapa hei whakarite i te hauora me te pakari o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana, ā, mā tēnei ka tautoko i te oranga o ngā mea ora katoa o te Ao. He mea nui te whakapau kaha me te auaha tonu i a te tangata e mahi ana ki te tiaki i te kanorau koiora utu nui o ō tātou moana mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
