Me pēhea te whakahaere i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto i roto i te tohutohu
He wero nui te pakanga kare ā-roto e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā wā wānanga tohutohu. I roto i te umanga tohutohu, he mea nui kia whai pūkenga me ngā tikanga motuhake hei whakahaere pai i tēnei pakanga. Ehara i te mea ko te kiritaki anake te kaiārahi e uru ana ki te pakanga kare ā-roto engari ka taea hoki te whakauru i te kaitohutohu ki te tukanga whakaora. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā huarahi whai hua hei whakahaere i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto i roto i te wānanga tohutohu, i runga i ngā huarahi hinengaro me ngā pūkenga mahi e tika ana.
Te tautuhi i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakatau i te pakanga kare ā-roto ko te tautuhi i taua pakanga. Ka taea e te pakanga kare ā-roto te puta i roto i ngā momo āhua, pērā i te ahotea, te manukanuka, te riri, te koretake nui rānei. Ko ngā tohu o te pakanga kare ā-roto ko:
– Ngā huringa ohorere o ngā whanonga.
– Te nui rawa o te urupare kare ā-roto ki ētahi āhuatanga.
– He uaua ki te kōrero, ki te wehe atu rānei.
– Te taumahatanga tinana pērā i te taumahatanga o ngā uaua, te ānini, ngā raruraru nakunaku rānei.
Me aro nui ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro ki ēnei tohu, ā, me āhei hoki ki te tūhura i ngā pūtake o te pakanga ki ngā kiritaki me te āta whakaaro, me te aroha hoki.
Whakarongo Kaha
Ko tētahi o ngā pūkenga matua o te mahi tohutohu ko te whakarongo kaha. Ko te whakarongo kaha ko te mārama hohonu ki ngā mea e kōrerohia ana e te kiritaki, mā te kōrero me te kore kōrero. Kei roto i tēnei tikanga:
– Kia tino aro atu te kiritaki ina kōrero ana.
– Te whakamahi i ngā kōrero ā-waha, ā-kore kōrero hoki hei whakaatu i te aro, pērā i te pōkaikaha o te mahunga, te kī rānei i ngā kīanga pēnei i te, “Kei te mārama ahau.”
– Pātaihia ngā pātai whakamārama kia mārama ai.
– Whakaatahia ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki mā te whakahua anō, te whakarāpopoto rānei i ngā mea kua kōrerotia.
Mā te whakarongo kaha, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te mārama ake ki ngā pūtake o ngā pakanga kare ā-roto, me te whakarato i te tautoko e hiahiatia ana hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki.
Te Āwhina i ngā Kiritaki ki te Whakapuaki i ō rātou Kare ā-roto
He taahiraa nui te whakapuakitanga o ngā kare ā-roto i roto i te whakatau pakanga. Tērā pea ka uaua ki ētahi kiritaki te whakapuaki i ō rātou kare ā-roto mō ngā take maha, pērā i te whakama, te wehi kei whakawakia, te kore whakamarie rānei. Ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te āwhina i ngā kiritaki mā te mahi i ēnei e whai ake nei:
– Waihangahia he taiao haumaru, kāore he whakahē.
– Whakatenatenahia ngā kiritaki kia kōrero tonu mō ō rātou kare ā-roto.
– Te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pēnei i te takaro whakaari, te tuhi rānei i ngā kōrero i roto i te rātaka hei āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou kare ā-roto.
– Whakaakohia ngā kiritaki ki te hiranga o te whakapūmau i ngā kare ā-roto, me te āwhina i a rātou ki te kimi huarahi hauora hei whakapuaki i ō rātou kare ā-roto.
Mā te tautoko i tēnei, ka āwhina te kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i te kiritaki ki te tuku i te ahotea kare ā-roto, me te whakawhanake i tētahi māramatanga pai ake mōna ake.
Ngā Tikanga Whakangā
He maha ngā wā ka haere tahi te pakanga kare ā-roto me ngā urupare ā-tinana pērā i te pikinga o te tere o te manawa, te toto toto tiketike, me te taumahatanga o ngā uaua. Mā te whakaako i ngā tikanga whakangā o ngā kiritaki ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te pānga ā-tinana o te pakanga kare ā-roto. Ko ētahi tikanga ka taea te whakamahi ko:
– Ngā mahi manawa: Whakaakona ngā kiritaki ki te manawa hōhonu, āta hoki hei whakamarie i te pūnaha io.
– Te whakangāwari uaua haere whakamua: Ka ārahi i te kiritaki ki te whakau me te tuku i ngā uaua kia whakaitihia te taumahatanga tinana.
– Te whakaaroaro me te aro nui: Te whakangungu i ngā kiritaki ki te arotahi ki nāianei me te whakaiti i ngā whakaaro whakararuraru.
– Yoga, whakakori tinana māmā rānei: Āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te tuku i te ahotea mā te whakakori tinana.
Ka taea e ēnei tikanga te whakapakari i te taurite o ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki, me te whakarato hoki i ētahi atu taputapu hei whakatau i te ahotea.
Te Whakawhanake i te Ārai Whai Hua
Ko te aro atu ki te raruraru te huarahi e whakatau ai te tangata i te ahotea me ngā pakanga kare ā-roto. Me āwhina ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro i ngā kiritaki ki te tautuhi i ngā rautaki aro atu hauora me te whai hua. Ko ētahi huarahi pea ko:
– Huarahi aro ki te aro ki ngā raruraru: Ka ako i ngā kiritaki ki te arotahi ki ngā otinga motuhake mō ngā raruraru e pā ana ki a rātou.
– Huarahi aro-kare ā-roto: Āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto e puta ake ana i te ahotea, i te pakanga rānei.
– Te Tautoko i te Aroturukitanga: Whakatenatenahia ngā kiritaki ki te rapu tautoko mai i ngā hoa, i te whānau, i ngā rōpū tautoko rānei.
Hei tāpiri, ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te tūhura i ngā mahi whakangahau me ngā mahi pai hei whakaiti i te ahotea me te whakapai ake i te oranga ngākau.
Te Whakarato Tautoko Aroha
Ko te aroha ki te tangata te kaha ki te mārama me te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto o tētahi atu. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro whai pūkenga aroha te whakarato tautoko tino nui ki ngā kiritaki e pāngia ana e te pakanga kare ā-roto. Ko ngā huarahi hei whakaatu i te aroha ko:
– Whakaatu i te whakaute me te kore whakahē i ngā wheako me ngā kare ā-roto o te kiritaki.
– Whakamahia te reo tinana me ngā āhua kanohi e whakaatu ana i te māramatanga me te whai wāhi atu.
– Honoa ngā wheako o te kiritaki ki ngā wheako ōrite kua pā ki a rātou, me te kore e neke atu te arotahi mai i te kiritaki.
Mā te tautoko aroha ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia mārama, kia manakohia hoki rātou, he taahiraa nui tēnei i roto i te tukanga whakaora kare ā-roto.
Te Whakamahinga o ngā Tikanga Hinengaro-Whanaketanga
He huarahi whai hua te Whakaora Hinengaro-Whanoke (CBT) hei whakatau i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto. Ka āwhina te CBT i ngā kiritaki ki te kite me te whakarerekē i ngā tauira whakaaro kino e whai wāhi ana ki ngā pakanga kare ā-roto. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro e whakamahi ana i te CBT te whakaako i ngā kiritaki ki:
– Kia mōhio ki ngā tauira whakaaro kino.
– Whakakapia ngā whakaaro kino ki ngā whakaaro pai ake, pono ake hoki.
– Te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakaoti rapanga me te whakatau kaupapa pai ake.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga CBT, ka hoatu e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro he taputapu ki ngā kiritaki hei whakahaere pai ake i ā rātou urupare kare ā-roto.
Te Āwhina i ngā Kiritaki ki te Hanga Pūkenga Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero
He maha ngā wā e pā ana te pakanga kare ā-roto ki ngā take whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, pērā i ngā uauatanga o te whanaungatanga, te kore rānei o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakawhanake i ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero pai ake i roto i ngā huarahi maha, tae atu ki:
– Whakaharatauhia ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero whai hua pērā i te whakarongo, te kōrero mārama, me te whakapuaki i ngā kare ā-roto me te māia.
– Whakatenatenahia ngā kiritaki ki te whakatakoto i ngā rohe hauora i roto i ngā whanaungatanga.
– Āwhina i ngā kiritaki kia mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te whanaungatanga, me te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki hei whakatika i ngā whanaungatanga kua taupatupatu.
Mā te pai ake o ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ka āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakahaere me te ārai i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto a meake nei.
Aromatawai me te Whai Aromatawai
Kia whakatinanahia he wawaotanga, he mea nui kia arotakehia tōna whai huatanga. Me arotake tonu e ngā kaiwhakatakoto whakaaro te ahunga whakamua o te kiritaki, me te mahi i ngā whakarerekētanga ina hiahiatia. Ko ngā mahi whai muri ko:
– Whakaratohia ētahi atu wānanga hei tūhura i ngā take kāore anō kia whakatauhia.
– Me tautoko tonu, me whakatenatena hoki kia mau tonu ai ngā huringa pai kua tutuki.
– Whakaakohia ngā kiritaki mō ngā tohu o te hekenga, me te whakarato rautaki hei wikitoria i aua tohu.
Mā te aromatawai me te aroturukitanga ka whakarite kia haere tonu ngā kiritaki ki te ahu whakamua i roto i te tukanga whakaora, kia eke ai hoki ki te oranga ngākau nui ake.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te aro atu ki ngā pakanga kare ā-roto i roto i te kaupapa tohutohu, e hiahia ana ki ngā pūkenga me ngā tikanga maha. Mai i te whakarongo kaha ki te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga CBT, me whakarite ia wawaotanga ki ngā hiahia motuhake o ia kiritaki. Mā te māramatanga hohonu me te huarahi aroha, ka taea e ngā kaitohutohu te āwhina i ngā kiritaki ki te whakatau i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto, te whakapai ake i te tū atu, me te whakatutuki i te oranga kare ā-roto nui ake.
He mea āwhina te mārama ki ēnei tikanga, ehara i te mea i roto i ngā mahi tohutohu anake, engari i roto hoki i ngā āhuatanga maha o te oranga o ia rā, ina hoki he maha ngā wā kāore e taea te karo i ngā pakanga kare ā-roto. Mā ngā pūkenga tika, ka taea e tātou te aro atu ki ēnei wero me te whakaaro nui me te whai hua.
