Ngā Tikanga Maimoatanga mō te Koroklusion
Ko te kore e pai te tūtaki o ngā niho o runga me o raro ina katia te waha. I roto i te mahi niho, ehara i te mea he take ataahua anake te kore e pai te tūtaki; ka pā hoki ki te ngaungau, te kōrero, te akuaku o te waha, tae atu ki te hauora o ngā hononga temporomandibular (TMJ). He maha ngā tāngata ka mōhio noa ki te kore e pai te tūtaki ina kitea he piri ō rātou niho, he pūwero, he kore rānei e pai te kauae. Heoi, ka rerekē te kore e pai te tūtaki mai i te ngawari ki te kino, ā, ko te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take, te tau o te tūroro, te āhua o ngā kiko tautoko, me ngā whāinga o te maimoatanga.
I te nuinga o te wā, he rerekē ngā take o te korenga o te niho, mai i ngā āhuatanga ira (te āhua o te kauae me te rahi o te niho), ngā tikanga kino (te ngote i te koromatua, te wero i te arero, te manawa waha), te ngaronga o te niho i te wā o mua, te pirau niho kāore i rongoatia, me te whara. Nā te mea he maha ngā take, kāore he tikanga maimoatanga kotahi . Kei raro nei ngā tikanga maimoatanga korenga o te niho e whakamahia whānuitia ana , me ō rātou mātāpono me ngā whakaaro.
1. Te Whakamātautau me te Tātaritanga hei Pūtake mō te Maimoatanga
I mua i te whakatau i tētahi tikanga maimoatanga , ka whakahaerehia e te tākuta niho, e te tohunga niho rānei tētahi aromatawai hōhonu. Ko te tikanga, ko te tirotiro he tātaritanga haumanu (te tūnga o te niho, te hononga o te kauae, te tauira o te kanohi), ngā hihi-X (te tirohanga whānui me te tirohanga whānui), ngā whakaahua ā-waha me ā-waha, me ngā tauira niho, ngā matawai matihiko rānei (matawai ā-waha). Mai i konei, ka whakarōpūtia te korenga o te hononga niho, hei tauira, i runga i te whakarōpūtanga o te Angle (Akomanga I, II, III), te nui o te kīkī, te aroaro o te ngau whakawhiti, te ngau tuwhera, te ngau hohonu rānei.
He mea nui te tautuhi tika i te mate, nā te mea he rerekē ngā maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana mō ngā tūroro e rua he "niho e puta mai ana" . Ko ētahi ka whakatikahia mā te whakamahi i ngā whitiki niho, ko ētahi me tango, ā, ko ētahi me whakatika i te tūnga o te kauae mā te pokanga.
2. Te Manaaki Ārai me te Manaaki Ārai i ngā Tamariki
Mō ngā tamariki, ka taea te ārai, te whakaiti rānei i te kino o ētahi hapa niho mā te tiaki niho ārai me te tiaki niho ārai. Ko te whāinga he ārahi i te tipu o te kauae me te ārai i ngā raruraru kei kino haere.
Ko ētahi o ngā huarahi noa ko:
– Te whakahaere i ngā whanonga kino: te whakamutu i te ngote i te koromatua, te whakamahi roa i te nipple, te wero rānei i te arero. I ētahi wā ka hiahiatia he taputapu pēnei i ngā taputapu whakakore whanonga.
– Kaiwhakaora ātea: Ki te ngaro wawe ngā niho pēpi, ka whaiti te ātea, ā, ka piri rawa te tipu o ngā niho tuturu. Ka āwhina ngā kaiwhakaora ātea ki te pupuri i te ātea mō ngā niho tuturu.
– Te whānui o te kauae: mēnā he kuiti te kauae o runga (he maha ngā wā ka puta te ngau whakawhiti), ka taea e te tākuta te whakamahi i tētahi taputapu whānui hei whakawhānui haere i te āwhata o te kauae.
He maha ngā hua pai ka puta mai i te wawaotanga wawe, nā te mea kei te tipu tonu ngā wheua, ā, he māmā ake te ārahi i tērā o ngā pakeke.
3. Ngā Taputapu Tango
Ko ngā taputapu tango he taputapu whakatikatika niho ka taea te tango me te whakahoki anō e te tūroro. Hei tauira, ko ngā pereti whakatikatika niho māmā, ētahi taputapu whakawhānui, me ētahi momo pupuri niho kaha. Ko ngā painga o ngā taputapu tango ko te ngāwari o te horoi me te whakamarie i ētahi āhuatanga. Heoi, ko tōna whai huatanga e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te ū o te tūroro ki te whakamahinga kua tūtohutia mō te taputapu.
He pai ngā taputapu tango mō ngā mate ngawari ki te mate pāwera, inā koa mō ngā tamariki me ngā taiohi, hei tauira, hei whakatika i ngā āwhata whaiti, i ngā nekehanga niho rānei. Mō ngā niho uaua, he pai ake te whai hua o ngā taputapu pūmau.
4. Ngā Rīwai (Taputapu Niho Whakatikatika)
Ko ngā whīra niho, ko ngā whīra niho rānei, te tikanga tino rongonui mō te whakatikatika i ngā niho me te whakatika i ngā ngau. Ka mahi ngā whīra niho mā te whakamahi i te kaha whakahaere i roto i ngā whīra niho, ngā waea āwhata, me ngā taputapu pērā i ngā here rapa. Ka taea e ngā whīra niho te whakatika i ngā momo take, pērā i ngā niho kīkī, ngā āputa, te hurihuri o ngā niho, ngā ngau whakawhiti, me ngā ngau hōhonu, tae atu ki te whakatika i ētahi hononga kauae (ina koa ko ngā mea he niho, ehara i te mea he angaanga anake).
Ngā momo whitiki tautoko noa:
– Ngā whīra whakarewa tuku iho: he kaha, he whai hua, he iti ake te utu.
– Ngā whīra uku: he rite ake te tae ki ngā niho, nō reira he ātaahua ake te āhua, engari he pakarukaru ake, ā, me tino tupato te tiaki.
– Ngā whīra here-ā-unoa: mā te whakamahi i tētahi tikanga raka motuhake, i ētahi wā ka taea te whakaiti i te waku me te whakahaere i te here, ahakoa ko te hua whakamutunga kei runga tonu i te mahere maimoatanga.
Ka rerekē te roa o te maimoatanga o ngā whīra niho, ko te tikanga 1–3 tau i runga i te uauatanga. I muri i te tangohanga o ngā whīra niho, me mau he whitiki pupuri i ngā tūroro kia mau tonu ai te pumau o ngā hua.
5. Ngā Kaiwhakatikatika Mārama
Ko ngā whakarārangi niho mārama he raupapa pokepoke kirihou mārama e whakamahia ana hei neke haere i ngā niho. He rongonui tēnei tikanga nā te mea kāore e tino kitea, ā, ka taea te tango i a koe e kai ana, e paraihe ana rānei.
Ngā painga o ngā whakahāngai:
– He ātaahua, he whakamarie hoki mō te tini o ngā tūroro
– Ka māmā ake te akuaku o te waha
– He iti ake te kino ki ngā kiko ngohengohe i te nuinga o te wā
Ngā herenga o ngā whakarārangi:
– He tino whakawhirinaki ki te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga (me mau mō te 20–22 hāora ia rā)
– Ehara i te mea he pai ngā kēhi uaua katoa, inā koa ko ērā e hiahia ana kia uaua te whakahaere i ngā pakiaka, kia tino whakatikatika rānei i ngā ngau.
– He nui ake ngā utu i te nuinga o te wā
He tino whai hua ngā whakarara niho mō ngā take ngawari ki te āhua ngoikore, ā, i ētahi take uaua ka taea te whakamahi me ētahi atu āpitihanga me ngā taura whakakoi, e ai ki te aromatawai a te tākuta.
6. Te Tango Niho hei Wāhanga o te Mahere Whakatikatika Niho
Mēnā he nui te piri o ngā niho, he nui rānei te tūponotanga (he tino whakamuri ngā niho) me te kore e ranea te āputa o te kōhao, ka tūtohu pea te tākuta niho kia tangohia ētahi niho (he maha ngā niho premolar) hei hanga wāhi mō te tūnga tika me te āhua o te mata. Ehara i te mea ngāwari te whakatau ki te tango; ka whai whakaaro te tākuta niho ki te ataahua o te mata, te mahi ngau, te hauora o te niho, me te pumau mō te wā roa.
I ētahi wā, ka hiahiatia pea he wāhi mā te whakawhanui, mā ētahi atu tikanga rānei, kaua mā te tango. Nō reira, me whakawhaiaro ngā mahere maimoatanga.
7. Maimoatanga Orthopedic Kauae (Ngā Taputapu Mahi)
I te wā tipu, ka taea te whakatika i ngā hapa o te kauae e pā ana ki te kore taurite o te kauae (hei tauira, he kauae o raro kua tino piko i te Akomanga II) mā roto i ngā taputapu mahi. Ko te whāinga o ēnei taputapu he whakarerekē i te tipu o te kauae, kaua ko te neke noa i ngā niho.
Ngā tauira o ngā mātāpono:
– Te pana i te kauae o raro ki mua i ētahi wā
– Te whakahaere i te tipu o te kauae o runga, te whakahaere rānei i ngā whanonga ā-waha
Ko tōna angitu e whakawhirinaki ana ki te wā whakamahinga (te tere o te tipu), te ngohengohe ki ngā ture, me te kaha o te raruraru angaanga.
8. Pokanga Orthognathic mō te Maleakness Angaanga Nui
Mena ko te raruraru matua he take nui o te tūnga o te kauae, te rahi rānei (angaanga)—hei tauira, he kauae o raro e pupū ake ana (tino kino te Akomanga III), he kore taurite o te kanohi, he ngau tuwhera rānei o te angaanga—ko te maimoatanga pai rawa atu ko te pokanga orthognathic. I te nuinga o te wā ka honoa tēnei tikanga ki te orthodontics i mua me muri i te pokanga hei whakarārangi i ngā niho me te whakarite kia mau te ngau.
Ehara te pokanga orthognathic i te whiringa tuatahi mā te katoa, engari ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te mahi ngaungau, te pumau o te ngau, te ataahua o te mata, tae atu ki te kounga o te manawa i ētahi wā. Me whakamahere tupato, me aromatawai hauora whānui, me te whakapau kaha o te tūroro ki te mahere maimoatanga mō tēnei tukanga.
9. Manaaki Tautoko: Periodontal, Whakaora, me te Pupuri
He maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana he huarahi maha-mātauranga mō te maimoatanga o te korenga o te niho. Mō ngā tūroro pakeke, me aro atu ki ngā raruraru kapia (periodontal) kia pai ai te nekehanga o ngā niho. Tērā pea me whakatika ngā poka, ngā whakakī kino, ngā niho ngaro rānei. I ētahi wā, i muri i te maimoatanga orthodontic, me hanga he whakahoutanga (ngā veneer, ngā karauna, ngā hononga) hei whakatika i te āhua o ngā niho, hei kati rānei i ngā āputa iti.
He rite tonu te hiranga o te pupuri, arā, me pupuri tonu ngā niho kia kore ai e neke anō. Ka taea e ngā pupuri te whakamahi i ēnei:
– He mea pupuri ka taea te tango (Hawley, mārama rānei)
– He pūmau pūmau (he waea angiangi kei muri i ngā niho o mua)
Ko te mau i tō retainer kia rite ki ngā tohutohu te mea nui kia mau tonu ai ngā hua mō te wā roa.
Whakamutunga
He rerekē ngā tikanga maimoatanga mō te korenga o te niho, mai i ngā mahi ārai i roto i ngā tamariki, ngā taputapu tango, ngā whitiki tautoko, ngā whakahāngai mārama, ngā tango kua whakaritea, ngā taputapu mahi, tae atu ki te whakakotahitanga o te orthodontics me te orthognathic surgery mō ngā take angaanga kino. Kāore he tikanga kotahi e pai ana mō te katoa. Ko te kōwhiringa maimoatanga pai rawa atu ka whakatauhia e te tautuhi tika, te tau me te wāhanga tipu, te kaha, te hauora o ngā niho me ngā kapia , me ngā whāinga ataahua me te mahi a te tūroro.
Ki te whakapae koe kei te hē te arai o ngā niho—pērā i te kīkī o ngā niho, te uaua ki te ngaungau, te mamae auau o te kauae, te ngau rānei e ahua "kē" ana—ko te huarahi pai ko te toro atu ki te taote niho, ki te tohunga niho rānei. Mā te aromatawai tika, ka taea te whakawhanake i tētahi mahere maimoatanga haumaru, whai hua hoki, ka hua ake he ataata hauora, ā, ka pai ake te mahi ngau.
