Te Mea Ngaro o te Ngarohanga o te Titanic
I te 10 o Āperira, 1912, ka wehe atu te RMS Titanic, he mea whakamiharo o te hangarau hou, me te kaipuke nui rawa atu o tōna wā, mai i Southampton, Ingarangi, ki te Tāone o Niu Ioka. Ko tēnei kaipuke nui, i whakanuia he "kore e totohu," he tohu mō te auahatanga o te tangata me te wairua ahu whakamua o te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. He mea pouri, e whā noa ngā rā i roto i tōna haerenga tuatahi, ka pā mai te aituā. I tukinga te Titanic ki tētahi hukapapa ka ngaro atu i raro i ngā wai hukapapa o te Moana Ataratiki ki te Raki, ā, neke atu i te 1,500 ngā tāngata i mate.
Ahakoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana te totohu o te kaipuke "kāore e taea te totohu", ā, ko tētahi tonu o ngā aituā moana e kōrerohia ana i roto i te hītori, kei te huna tonu te ngaronga o te kaipuke. Ehara i te mea ko tētahi aituā pōuri anake te kōrero mō te Titanic, engari ko ngā hapa tangata anō hoki, te whakapehapeha hangarau, me te raupapa o ngā huihuinga kino i mutu ai ko tētahi o ngā aituā moana tino whakamate o ngā wā katoa i te wā rangimārie.
Te Hanga me te Hoahoa
I hangaia te RMS Titanic e te whare hanga kaipuke a Harland and Wolff i Belfast, Te Tai Tokerau o Airana, i hangaia hei tauira o te papai me te haumaru. He hoahoa anga matatau tōna, tae atu ki te papa rua me ngā wāhanga ā-wai e 16 e kiia ana ka taea te pupuri i te kaipuke kia mānu ahakoa e whā o aua wāhanga ka pakaru. He tatau ā-wai kei roto i ēnei wāhanga ka taea te hiri takitahi. Nā tēnei hoahoa i arahi ai te whakapono whānui kāore e taea te totohu i te Titanic.
Heoi, i muri mai ka kitea kāore i tino teitei ngā pareparenga. Ina tīmata te waipuke o ngā wāhanga maha, ka puea ake te wai mai i tētahi ki tētahi, ka arahi ki tētahi pakaru nui. I tua atu, i pātaihia te kounga o ngā rivet i whakamahia i roto i te kaipuke. I tautohe ētahi tohunga ko ngā rivet iti iho i te paerewa, inā koa i te wāhanga ihu, tera pea i whai wāhi ki te tere o te totohu o te kaipuke.
Te Pō Whakamataku
I te pō o te 14 o Paenga-whāwhā, 1912, e tere tere ana te Titanic i roto i ngā wai hukapapa o te Moana Ataratiki ki te Raki. Ahakoa ngā whakatūpato hukapapa maha i tae mai i ētahi atu kaipuke, i mau tonu te tere o te Titanic. I te 11:40 i te pō pea, ka kite te kaitiaki waka a Frederick Fleet i tētahi hukapapa i te ara o te kaipuke. I ngana te kapa ki te huri haere i te hukapapa, engari i pā te taha matau o te Titanic ki te hukapapa, ā, ka puta he maha ngā poka i raro i te raina wai.
Ahakoa kāore i te āhua kino i te tīmatanga, i tere te pā o te kaipuke ki te wai. Kua whakahēngia whānuitia te whakatau kia kaua e whakaroa i te tere i tētahi wāhi e mōhiotia ana mō ngā hukapapa. I whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau he mea nui ake i ngā kaiwhakahaere waea pūkoro o te kaipuke ngā karere a ngā pāhihi i ngā whakatūpato hukapapa, ā, ka whakaroa i te tuku kōrero nui ki te piriti.
Te Whakawātea me te Whakaora
I te waipuketanga o ngā wāhanga o raro e te wai, ka tukuna te whakahau kia whakawātea. Heoi, kāore i te rawaka te kaha o te poti whakaora o te Titanic. I hangaia hei kawe i te 64 poti whakaora, e 20 anake i mau i te kaipuke, he nui hei whakauru i te haurua o ngā pāhihi me ngā kaimahi. Heoi anō, nā te kore i whakaritea pai ngā tikanga whakawātea i tukuna ai ngā poti whakaora me te kore he mea i roto.
I whakawhiwhia ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki ki te kaupapa matua, me te whai i te mātāpono moana "ko ngā wāhine me ngā tamariki te tuatahi." Nā tēnei ture, me te ngangau me te kore whakapono i waenga i ngā pāhihi me ngā kaimahi, i noho ai neke atu i te mano tāngata i runga i te kaipuke i a ia e heke ana ki te hohonu.
I tae mai ngā tohu mōrearea ki ngā kaipuke tata, arā, ko te RMS Carpathia, ā, i tere atu rātou ki te āwhina i te Titanic. Heoi, i te taenga atu, kua ngaro kē te kaipuke i raro i ngā ngaru. Nō reira, ko ngā morehu o te poti whakaora anake i taea e te Carpathia te whakaora, tata ki te 705 tāngata katoa.
Te Rapunga mō ngā Whakautu
I muri mai, i rapuhia ngā uiuinga maha kia mārama ai he aha te hē i puta. I whakatauhia e ngā uiuinga o Peretānia me Amerika he tere rawa te haere o te kaipuke mō ngā āhuatanga kua whakaritea, ā, mehemea i nui ake ngā poti whakaora me ngā ture haumaru kaha ake, me whakaiti te mate. Heoi, he pito noa iho ēnei kitenga o te hukapapa (he kupu whakarite).
I ngā tekau tau i muri mai i te aituā, he maha ngā ariā i puta ake, mai i ngā kōrero huna mō te tinihanga inihua ki ngā whakapae pūtaiao ake mō te rahunga rauemi me te hapa tangata. Nō te tau 1985 rawa, i te kitenga o ngā toenga o te Titanic e Tākuta Robert Ballard, ka taea te whakamātautau me te whakamana i ētahi o ngā ariā nui ake.
Nga Rahunga Hangarau
I te tūhuratanga o ngā toenga kaipuke, i kitea kua wehea te kaipuke kia rua ngā wāhanga matua, ā, i te tīmatanga i tūpono te whakapae ki tētahi ariā. Nā te tātari taipitopito i taea ai e ngā tohunga te whakakotahi me pēhea te pakaru o te kaipuke i tōna hekenga. I whakatauhia i te wā i kī ai te ihu o te kaipuke i te wai, ā, i tīmata te totohu, ka hikitia te kei i te wai, ka puta he taumahatanga hanganga nui, ā, i te mutunga ka pakaru te kaipuke kia rua.
I roto i ngā rangahau pūtaiao rauemi mō ngā maramara o te anga waka i kitea, i tohu te pakarukaru o te maitai nā te makariri o te moana, ā, tērā pea i ngāwari ake ai te pakaru i te wā e pāngia ana. I tua atu, i whakaatuhia e te tirotiro taipitopito o ngā rivet, i raro i te taumahatanga nui, ka pakaru pea, ka wehe ngā pereti o te anga waka, ka tere ake te waipuke o ngā wāhanga.
Ngā Hapa Tangata me te Kōrero Hē
He mea nui te hapa a te tangata i roto i te aituā. Ko ngā kaiwhakatau i runga i te Titanic, tae atu ki a Kāpene Edward Smith, i whakawakia mō ngā whakataunga i te tirohanga whakamuri, i te mea he mangere. Hei tauira, ko te whakataunga kia mau tonu te tere i roto i ngā wai hukapapa, te kore whakarongo ki ngā whakatūpato maha mō ngā hukapapa, me te kore e tika te tiaki i te kōhanga manu me ngā karu tirotiro, i whai wāhi katoa ki te aituā.
I tua atu, i pakaru nui te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. I kī tonu ngā kaiwhakahaere waea o te Titanic, a Jack Phillips rāua ko Harold Bride, i ngā waea pāhihi me ngā whakatūpato hukapapa. Nā te mea kāore i whakaarohia te tuku whakatūpato hukapapa hei mahi matua, inā koa i ngā karere pāpori a ngā pāhihi, i whakaroahia ngā whakatūpato nui.
Taonga tuku iho me te Paanga
He pānga nui tō te totohu o te Titanic ki ngā kaupapa here moana me ngā ture haumaru. I whakatūria te Kawenata ā-Ao mō te Haumaru o te Oranga ki te Moana (SOLAS) i te tau 1914 hei whakautu, me te whakahau i ngā poti whakaora e ranea ana mō te hunga katoa i runga, ngā mataaratanga reo irirangi tonu, me te whakatūnga o te International Ice Patrol hei aroturuki i ngā nekehanga o ngā maunga hukapapa.
I riro anō te Titanic hei kōrero whakatūpato mō te whakapehapeha hangarau me ngā hapa o te tangata. Ahakoa he mea whakamiharo i tōna wā, ko tōna mutunga pōuri i whakaatu i ngā rohe o te hangarau tangata me te mana ohorere o te taiao. Ahakoa ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau me te haumaru, kei te haere tonu te kōrero mō te Titanic hei mea whakamīharo, hei tuku akoranga mō te ngākau mahaki me te tūpato.
Opaniraa
Neke atu i te rau tau i muri mai, ko te ngaronga atu o te Titanic he whakamaharatanga whakamataku mō te taurite ngoikore i waenga i te hiahia tangata me te mana o te taiao. Ahakoa e takoto puku ana te kaipuke i runga i te papa o te moana, kei te ora tonu tōna taonga tuku iho, he tohu o te hītori, te mea ngaro, me te akoranga whakahihiri i roto i te kanikani mutunga kore i waenga i te ahunga whakamua me te tūponotanga.
