Te Tikanga me te Hītori o te Waiata ā-Motu o Initonīhia
Ko Indonesia, he whenua nui o ngā moutere me te kanorau ahurea, he waiata ā-motu tōna e whakaata ana i tōna wairua hihiri me ōna wawata ngātahi. Ko "Indonesia Raya" te taitara, ehara i te mea he wāhi nui tēnei waiata i roto i te pakanga mō te mana motuhake o te whenua, engari kei te whakaata tonu i ngā wawata o tōna iwi. Mai i ōna kupu whakaohooho ki tōna tīmatanga rongonui, ko "Indonesia Raya" te tohu o te haerenga a te whenua ki te mana motuhake me te kotahitanga.
Ngā Takenga Mai me te Waihanga
Nā Wage Rudolf Supratman, he kairīpoata, he kaiwhakatangi vaiorine hoki i whānau ki Purworejo, Central Java, i tito te waiata "Indonesia Raya", i te tau 1903. I tino awehia a Supratman e te tai pikinga ake o te wairua ā-iwi i horapa puta noa i Indonesia i te tīmatanga o te rautau 20. I taua wā, kei raro a Indonesia i te mana koroni o ngā Tatimana, ā, he moemoeā tawhiti engari he wawata nui te whakaaro mō te mana motuhake mō te tini.
I te tau 1924, i puta te whakaaro ki a Supratman kia titohia he waiata ā-motu hei whakaoho i te iwi o Indonesia. He maha ngā tau i pau i a ia ki te tito i te waiata tino pai, ā, i te tau 1928, ka oti te waiata "Indonesia Raya". I tīmata te waiata rongonui i te 28 o Oketopa, 1928, i te wā o te Huihuinga Rangatahi o Indonesia i Batavia (ināianei ko Jakarta). He huihuinga te hui a ngā rangatahi ā-motu i whai kia whakakotahi i ngā iwi maha o te motu i raro i te haki kotahi.
Te Whakaari Tuatahi me ngā Wero o Mua
I whakatangihia te waiata i roto i te āhua mārie, me Supratman e takaro ana i tana vaiorine. I puta mai te whakatau ki te whakaatu i te himene waiata i runga i te taputapu puoro i ngā āwangawanga kei kitea e ngā mana whakahaere o Hōrana he whakakino ngā kupu. Ahakoa te ātaahua o te whakaaturanga, i tino pārekareka te himene waiata ki ngā māngai, ā, i tino pārekareka rātou ki te karere kaha o te kotahitanga me te mana motuhake.
I ngā tau i muri mai, ka noho ko "Indonesia Raya" te waiata rongonui kāore i te mana mō te kaupapa mana motuhake. Heoi, he maha ngā wero i pā ki a ia. I kite te kāwanatanga koroni o Hōrana i te kaha o te waiata rongonui ki te whakaoho i te wairua ā-motu, ā, i ngana ki te pehi i tōna horapa. I pāngia a Supratman e te whakatoi me te tirotiro a ngā mana koroni. Ahakoa rā, i mau tonu te waiata rongonui, i horapa puku i waenga i te iwi o Initonīhia.
Ngā Kupu me te Tikanga
He karanga nui ngā kupu o "Indonesia Raya" ki te aroha whenua me te kotahitanga. Ka tīmata te waiata himene ki:
""
Ko tōku whenua tupu, ko Initonīhia,
Te whenua i maringi ai ōku toto.
Kei reira ahau e tū ana,
Nō reira, ārahi mai i tōku whaea.
Ko Initonīhia tōku iwi,
Tōku Iwi me tōku Whenua Tūturu.
Kia hamama tātou,
"Ka whakakotahi a Initonīhia!"
""
Ki te whakamaoritia ki te reo Pākehā, ko te tikanga o ēnei rārangi:
""
Ko Initonīhia, tōku whenua tupu,
Te whenua i maringi ai ōku toto.
I reira ahau e tū ana,
Hei kaiārahi mō tōku whenua tupu.
Ko Initonīhia, tōku iwi,
Tōku iwi, tōku whenua tupu.
Kia karanga tātou katoa,
"Ka whakakotahi a Initonīhia!"
""
E whakanui ana ngā kupu i te hononga pumau i waenganui i te iwi Initonīhia me tō rātou whenua, e whakaoho ana i te whakaaro mō te whānautanga me te mutunga iho. Ko te kaupapa e mau tonu ana i roto i te waiata whakamīharo ko te kotahitanga, e akiaki ana i ngā tāngata Initonīhia nō ngā iwi rerekē, ngā ahurea me ngā whakapono kia huihui mai. Ko te waiata, "Initonīhia Raya, Merdeka, Merdeka!" e whakanui ana i te herekoretanga me te Initonīhia nui.
E karanga ana te waiata himene ki ngā tāngata o Initonīhia kia whai wāhi ki te mana nui o te motu, e whakaatu ana i ngā uara pēnei i te manawanui, te maia, me te mahi tahi. He whakamahara anō hoki ngā kupu mō ngā patunga tapu i mahia i roto i te pakanga mō te mana motuhake me ngā kawenga e puta mai ana i te herekoretanga.
Te Whakawhāngai i Muri i te Mana Motuhake
I whakapuakina e Initonīhia tōna mana motuhake i te 17 o Ākuhata, 1945, whai muri i te mutunga o te Pakanga Tuarua o te Ao me te tukunga o Hapani i muri mai, i nohoia e rātou a Initonīhia i te wāhanga whakamutunga o te pakanga. I whakatangihia a "Indonesia Raya" i te wā o te hui whakapuakitanga, hei whakaū i tōna mana hei waiata ā-motu. I te tau 1950, i whakaaetia mana e te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia hei waiata ā-motu.
Ko te haerenga o te waiata ā-iwi mai i te waiata huna o te ātete ki te tohu mana o te kāwanatanga, e whakaatu ana i te pakanga tonu a te whenua mō te herekoretanga. He tohu tēnei mō te manawanui me te whakatau a te iwi Initonīhia.
Te Whanaketanga me ngā Whakaritenga
I roto i ngā tau, kua rerekē ngā whakaritenga o "Indonesia Raya" kia rite ki ngā huihuinga me ngā whakatakotoranga rerekē. Ko te putanga tino whānuitia ko te whakaritenga ōkestra, e whakamahia ana i ngā hui ā-motu me ngā huihuinga mana. Heoi, ahakoa ngā panonitanga o ngā whakaritenga puoro, kei te mau tonu te mauri me te karere matua o te waiata whakahīhī.
I te tau 2005, i whakaputa te kāwanatanga o Initonīhia i tētahi ture e whakamārama ana i ngā kupu me te whakaritenga puoro tika o "Indonesia Raya" hei whakarite i te ōritetanga me te ārai i ngā whakarerekētanga kāore i whakamanahia.
Te hiranga ahurea
He wāhi motuhake tō "Indonesia Raya" i roto i ngā ngākau o ngā tāngata o Indonesia. Ka whakatangihia i ngā hararei ā-motu, i ngā huihuinga ā-motu, me ngā huihuinga nui o te hapori, hei whakaoho i te whakahīhī me te aroha whenua. Ka whakatangihia hoki te waiata i roto i ngā kura, hei whakatō i ngā uara o te kotahitanga me te whakahīhī ā-motu ki roto i ngā taiohi o Indonesia mai i te tamarikitanga.
I te nuinga o te wā ka haere tahi te waiata whakahīhī me te whakaara i te haki o Initonīhia, te "Sang Merah Putih" (Te Whero me te Mā), hei tohu mō te mana motuhake o te whenua me te toto i ringihia i roto i tana whai. Ko tēnei huinga o te waiata me te haki he whakamaharatanga kaha mō te mana motuhake o Initonīhia i toa ai me te haerenga tonu ki te whakatutukitanga o te motu.
Opaniraa
Ehara i te mea he waiata ā-motu noa iho a "Indonesia Raya"; he kōrero mō te haerenga hītori o Indonesia, ā, he tohu hoki mō tōna tuakiri ā-motu. I titoa i te wā o te uaua nui, e whakaatu ana te waiata i ngā kare ā-roto, ngā moemoeā, me te māia o te iwi Indonesia. Nā ōna kupu me ōna rangi i whakaaweawe ngā whakatupuranga, i whakakaha ake i ngā kaupapa o te kotahitanga me te aroha whenua.
I a Indonesia e whanake tonu ana, e anga atu ana ki ngā wero hou, kei te noho tonu a "Indonesia Raya" hei tohu mō te tumanako, hei whakamahara hoki i te wairua pumau o te motu. E whakaata ana i te karere mutunga kore, ahakoa te kanorau o te ahurea, te reo, me ngā tikanga tuku iho, kei te kotahi te iwi Indonesia i roto i tō rātou aroha ki tō rātou whenua tupu me tō rātou whakapau kaha ki tōna nui.
