# Te Tekonika Pereti me tōna Pānga
Ko te tektonika pereti he ariā whenua e whakamārama ana i te pakaru o te lithosphere, te kirinuku rānei o te Ao, ki ētahi pereti nui e neke ana i runga i tētahi koroka ngohengohe, kirihou ake. I whakawhanakehia i waenganui o te rautau 20, e whakarato ana tēnei ariā i tētahi whakamārama taipitopito me te whānui mō te whānuitanga o ngā āhuatanga whenua, tae atu ki ngā rū whenua, te puia, te hanganga maunga, me ētahi atu mahi tektonika. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te ariā o te tektonika pereti i roto i te whenua me te ahupūngao o ēnei rā. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā kaupapa matua o te ariā tektonika pereti , me te tirotiro i ōna pānga nui ki te taiao me te ora i runga i te Ao.
## Tikanga Tekonika Pereti
Kei roto i te lithosphere o te Ao ētahi pereti tectonic nui me ētahi pereti iti , pērā i te Pereti o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, te Pereti o Amerika ki te Raki, te Pereti o Ūrāhia, me te Pereti o Īnia-Ahitereiria. Ka neke te lithosphere i runga i te asthenosphere, he paparanga wera ake, he kirihou ake o te mantle. Nā ngā iahiko convection i roto i te mantle ēnei nekehanga, e rere ai te wera mai i te pūtake o te Ao ki te mata, ka puta te nekehanga o ngā rauemi mantle me te awe i ngā pereti o runga.
E toru ngā momo matua o te nekehanga pereti:
1. Te rerekētanga: Te nekehanga o ngā pereti tetahi i tetahi. Ko te hanganga o te pae waenga moana he tauira pai o te rohe rerekētanga, te wāhi e piki ake ai te magma ki te mata ka hanga i te kirinuku moana hou.
2. Te Huinga: Te nekehanga o ngā pereti tetahi ki tetahi. I ngā rohe huihuinga, ka tukuna tetahi pereti ki raro i tetahi, ka hanga he rohe tukunga . He maha ngā wā ka hua ake i tēnei tukanga tukunga ngā mahi puia me te hanganga maunga.
3. Whakawhiti: Ko te nekehanga o ngā pereti e paheke ana tetahi ki tetahi. Ko tētahi o ngā tauira rongonui o te rohe whakawhiti ko te Hapa o San Andreas i California, ko te nekehanga whakapae i waenga i te Pereti o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa me te Pereti o Amerika ki te Raki te pūtake o ngā rū whenua nui.
## Te Pānga o ngā Tektonika Pereti ki te Taiao
### 1. Rū whenua
Ko tētahi o ngā pānga nui o ngā nekehanga whenua ko ngā rū whenua, ka puta ina tukuna ohoreretia te kaha e kohia ana i ngā rohe o ngā pereti. Ka taea e ngā rū whenua te whakararu nui i ngā hanganga, te mate o te tangata, me te whakaoho i ngā āhuatanga kino pērā i te tsunami.
Hei tauira, ko te rū whenua nui i pā ki Haiti i te tau 2010, he hua nō te nekehanga whakawhiti i waenga i ngā Pereti o te Karipiana me Amerika Te Raki, i puta ai he kino nui, ā, neke atu i te 200.000 ngā tāngata i mate. He whakamahara nui te rū whenua ki te pānga o ngā mahi i raro i te mata o te Ao ki te ora i runga i te mata.
### 2. Te Puia
Ko ngā rohe honohono e heke ana ngā pereti he wāhi e kaha ana te mahi a ngā puia. Ka puta ngā puia i ngā rohe heke, ka ruaki i te rangitoto, te pungarehu, me te hau ki te āhuarangi. Ka taea e ngā pahūtanga puia te kino rawa atu, engari he mea nui anō hoki tā rātou mahi ki te hanga i te whenua o te Ao me te awe i te āhuarangi.
Hei tauira, ko te pahūtanga o Maunga Tambora i Initonīhia i te tau 1815 tētahi o ngā pahūtanga tino pahū i roto i te hītori kua tuhia, i puta ai te "Tau Kore Raumati" i te tau 1816 i te tuakoi raki, i hua ake ai te ngoikore o ngā hua me te matekai whānui.
### 3. Te Hanganga o ngā Maunga
Ko ngā mahi whakakotahitanga anō hoki te take i hangaia ai ngā pae maunga nui o te ao. Hei tauira, i hangaia ngā Himalayas i te tukinga o ngā pereti Īnia me Ūrāhia. Nā tēnei tukanga i hua mai ai ētahi o ngā tihi teitei rawa o te ao, tae atu ki a Maunga Everest.
Heoi anō, he pānga nui tō ngā maunga ki te āhuarangi ā-rohe, te tohatoha kanorau koiora, me ngā rauemi wai. He maha ngā awa nui o te ao, pērā i te Ganges me te Indus, e ahu mai ana i ngā puna wai e ahu mai ana i ngā maunga.
## Te Pānga o ngā Tektonika Pereti ki te Ora
### 1. Ngā Rauemi Taiao
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi tektonika ki te hanganga o ngā rauemi kohuke me te pūngao . He maha ngā putunga kohuke utu nui e kitea ana i ngā rohe tektonika, tae atu ki te koura, te parahi, me te hinu. Ka whai wāhi ngā tukanga tektonika ki te hanganga o ngā puna parataiao, e mau ana i ngā warowaihā me ētahi atu kohuke.
I raro i te moana, ka taea e ngā mahi magma e pā ana ki ngā rohe rerekē te whakaputa i ngā pūnga waiariki, he puna o ngā kohuke konganuku nui pērā i te whanariki, te parahi, me te rino. Ka tautokohia hoki e ēnei pūnga waiariki ngā pūnaha rauropi ahurei o raro i te wai me ngā momo ka taea te ora i roto i ngā taiao tino kino.
### 2. Te Whakarerekētanga o te Oranga
Nā ngā panonitanga nui o te taiao ā-tinana nā te nekehanga o te whenua, ka urutau ngā rauropi. Hei tauira, me urutau ngā mea ora o te moana ki ngā panonitanga o te āhua o te moana e hua mai ana i te nekehanga o ngā pereti, ka pā ki te tohatoha me te kanorau o ngā mea ora o te moana.
I runga i te whenua, ko ngā mahi tektonika e hanga ana i ngā maunga me ngā awaawa ka hanga i ngā momo nohonga kanorau, ka taea ai te kanorau o ngā momo. Hei tauira, ko ngā tipu me ngā kararehe whenua i ngā maunga, he maha ngā wā ka whanake i roto i te motuhaketanga ā-whenua, ka arahi pea ki ngā momo hou.
### 3. Te Ao Tangata
Kua roa te iwi tangata e awehia ana e ngā mahi tektonika. He maha ngā iwi tōmua i tupu i roto i ngā awaawa i hangaia e ngā mahi tektonika, i whakarato i te oneone momona mō te ahuwhenua. Heoi, i pāngia hoki te tangata e ngā wero mai i ngā rū whenua, ngā pahūtanga puia, me ngā waipuke e puta pinepine ana i ngā wāhi e kaha ana te tektonika.
Ko tētahi tauira hītori ko te whakangaromanga o Pompeii i te tau 79 AD nā te pahūtanga o Maunga Vesuvius. He tohu tēnei kua pāngia te hītori o te tangata e ngā aituā whenua, ā, kei te pā tonu ki tēnei.
## Whakamutunga
He kaha whenua hohonu te tektonika o ngā pereti e hanga tonu ana, e whakarerekē ana hoki i te mata o te Ao. Mai i te hanga maunga me ngā puna parataiao ki te whakaputa rū whenua me ngā pahūtanga puia, he mea nui te mahi tektonika i roto i te whenua me te rauropi o tō tātou ao.
Mā te mārama ki ngā tektonika pereti ka kitea he māramatanga nui mō te whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga kino o te taiao , te tūhuratanga o ngā rauemi taiao, me te urutau o te ora i runga i te Ao. Nō reira, he mea nui te rangahau tonu me te aroturuki i ngā mahi tektonika hei whakaiti i ngā mōrearea me ngā pānga ki te tangata me te taiao.
