Ngā Tikanga Whakaata Ru i roto i te Tūhuratanga Matawhenua
Ko te rū whenua he tikanga ā-whenua e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te tūhuratanga whenua hei mahere i ngā āhuatanga o raro i te mata i runga i te horapa o ngā ngaru whenua. E whakamahi ana tēnei tikanga i te mātāpono ka horapa ngā ngaru whenua i ngā tere rerekē ina haere ana i roto i ngā paparanga toka me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana rerekē, inā koa te kiato me te ngāwari. Nā te mea he pai ake, he iti ake te utu i te whakaata rū whenua, ā, ka taea te whakarato whakaahua o ngā hanganga papaku ki waenga, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te rū whenua i roto i ngā rangahau hangarau whenua, te wai whenua, te tūhuratanga rauemi, me ngā rangahau āwhati.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Whakaata Ru
I roto i te whakahurihuri ru, ka puta he ngaru ru e horapa ana ki ngā taha katoa e te pūtake pūngao (hei tauira, he hama, he pahūtanga iti, he hekenga taumaha rānei). Ina tae ngā ngaru ki te rohe i waenganui i ngā paparanga e rua me ngā tere horapa rerekē, ka whakaatahia ētahi o te pūngao, ka hurihia ētahi. Mena he tere ake te paparanga o raro i te paparanga o runga, ka taea e te ngaru kua hurihia te horapa i te taha o te atanga, kātahi ka tukuna ki te mata hei ngaru upoko. Ko te tikanga ka tuhia tēnei ngaru hei taunga tuatahi ki runga i te geophone.
Ko te mea nui o tēnei tikanga ko te ine i te wā e haere ai te ngaru mai i te pūtake ki ia kaiwhiwhi. Mā te tātari i te kōpiko wā-tawhiti, ka taea e ngā kaiwhakamāori te whakatau tata i te tere o te ngaru i ia paparanga me te hohonu o te rohe i waenganui i ngā paparanga. Ka pāngia te tere o te ngaru rū e te momo toka, te taumata whakakīkī, te pūngao, te nui o te wai, me te tere o te huarere.
Ngā Taputapu me te Kohi Raraunga
He maha ngā wāhanga matua e hiahiatia ana mō te rangahau rū whenua: he pūtake rū whenua, he huinga o ngā geophone, he taura me te pūnaha hopu (seismograph), me tētahi taputapu tūnga. Ka whakanohoia ngā geophone ki ngā wā motuhake i te ara ine. Ka pupuhihia ngā pupuhi ki tētahi, ki ētahi atu rānei pūwāhi i te ara hei whakaputa ngaru. I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā whirihoranga pupuhi whakamua me te whakamuri hei whakaiti i ngā hapa whakamaoritanga nā te honga o te paparanga, te rerekētanga taha rānei.
Ko ngā tawhā hopu nui ko te mokowā geophone, te roa o te horapa, te maha o ngā hongere, me te pūngao pūtake. Mā te mokowā tata ka pai ake te taumira engari ka nui ake te wā me te utu. Mā te roa o te horapa ka whakatau i te hohonu o te rangahau; ki te roa te ara, ka nui ake te tūponotanga o te hopu i ngā ngaru kua hurihia mai i ngā paparanga hohonu, mena he rawaka te rerekētanga tere. Ka whakatauhia hoki te kounga raraunga e ngā āhuatanga o te mara: ka taea e te haruru mai i te waka, te mīhini, te hau rānei te whakararuraru i te tautuhi i te taenga tuatahi.
Te Tukatuka me te Whakamārama
Ko te wāhanga tukatuka raraunga whakaata rū whenua ka tīmata i te taenga tuatahi mai o ia rekoata. Ka mahia ā-ringa, ā-haurua rānei te tango mā te whakamahi i te pūmanawa, me te tino tika, nā te mea ahakoa he iti noa ngā hapa i te wā ka hua ake he hapa hohonu nui. Kātahi ka hangaia he kauwhata wā haere me te tawhiti. Mai i tēnei kauwhata, ka tohu ngā wāhanga rārangi tika i ngā huringa o te tere horapa ngaru e pā ana ki ngā paparanga rerekē.
Ko ngā tikanga whakamārama tawhito ko te tikanga wā ārai me te tikanga tauutuutu. Ka whakamahia e te wā ārai te whakawhitinga o ngā rārangi kua tāpirihia mai i ngā wāhanga ngaru kua hurihia hei tatau i te hohonutanga o te atanga. He pai ake te urutau o ngā tikanga tauutuutu me ngā tikanga tauutuutu whānui (GRM) ki ngā āhuatanga paparanga piko me ngā rerekētanga taha. I roto i te maha o ngā take hou, ka mahia hoki te whakamārama mā te hurihanga tomographie whakaata, e whakaputa ana i ngā tauira tere 2D, 3D rānei. Ka mahi te tomographie mā te whakarerekē i te tauira o raro i te mata kia rite rā anō ngā wā haere kua tatauhia ki ngā wā haere kua kitea, kia whakaatu tonu ai i ngā rerekētanga tere.
Ngā Whakamahinga i roto i te Tūhuratanga Whenua
I roto i te tūhuratanga whenua, he whānuitia te whakamahinga o te hurihanga whenua mō ētahi kaupapa nui. Tuatahi, te mahere i te hohonutanga o te toka papa me te matotoru o ngā paparanga kua pakaru te whenua. He mea nui tēnei mōhiohio mō te whakamahere i ngā turanga o ngā whare, o ngā piriti, o ngā tāke, me ngā huarahi tere. Ka taea e ngā paparanga matotoru me te ngoikore kua pakaru te whenua te whakararu i te whenua, te kore pumau rānei o te pari.
Tuarua, he whai hua te hurihanga rū whenua i roto i ngā rangahau waiwhenua, inā koa mō te tautuhi i ngā paparanga wai, ngā rohe toka kore e taea te uru, me ngā rohe pakaru ka taea te mahi hei ara rere wai whenua. Ka taea e ngā tere rū whenua te whakarato tohu mō te taumata o te mākū o te wai; ko ngā paparanga mākū he tere ake i ngā paparanga maroke, ahakoa me whakakotahi te whakamaoritanga me ngā raraunga whenua me ētahi atu tikanga pēnei i te tātari hiko whenua.
Tuatoru, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei tikanga ki te tūhura i ngā rauemi papaku kua keria pērā i te onepu, te kirikiri, te toka keri rānei, nā te mea ka taea te whakatau tata i te matotoru o te toka me te kounga o te toka. Tuawhā, he pai hoki te hurihanga rū whenua i roto i ngā rangahautanga āwhati, hei tauira, ki te mahere i ngā rohe ngoikore e pā ana ki ngā hapa papaku, ki ngā whenua horo rānei. Ka taea e ngā rerekētanga tere rerekē te tohu i ngā rohe pakaru, i ngā paparanga uku ngohengohe rānei.
Ngā Painga o te Tikanga Whakaata Ru
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te whakaata rū whenua ko tōna utu me te whai huatanga o te mahi. He tino māmā te taputapu, he tere te kohikohi raraunga, ā, ka taea te whakamaori mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga māmā me te tomografi hou. Ka whakaratohia hoki e tēnei tikanga he whakatau tata mō te tere o te ngaru pēhi (ngaru-P), he mea whai hua mō ngā tawhā hangarau whenua pēnei i te kaha ki te haehae toka me te tohu i te pakeke o te paparanga.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka pai te mahi a te rū whenua i ngā āhuatanga e tere ake ana te neke o ngā paparanga o raro i ngā paparanga o runga—he āhuatanga noa tēnei i te whakawhiti mai i te oneone ngāwari ki te toka kua whakakīia. I ngā horopaki tūhuratanga pāpaku (he torutoru mita ki te tekau mita), ko te rū whenua te whiringa pai.
Ngā Here me ngā Wero
Ahakoa he whai hua, he iti noa iho ngā herenga o te hurihanga rū whenua me mārama. Kāore e whai hua tēnei tikanga ina he "paparanga huna," he paparanga tere-iti kei waenganui i ngā paparanga tere-nui e rua. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka kaha ake ngā ngaru hurihanga mai i te paparanga o raro, ka kore e kitea te paparanga puhoi.
Kāore hoki i te pai te whakaata i te whakaata mō te mahere i ngā hanganga tino uaua, i ngā whāinga rānei e hiahia ana kia teitei te taumira i ngā hohonutanga nui. Hei tāpiri, me nui te rerekētanga tere kia puta ai ngā ngaru whakaata nui, kia mārama ai te tuhi. Ka uaua pea te kohi i te taenga tuatahi mai i te whenua tino rerekē, te whenua pari, me te haruru nui.
Nō reira, me whakataurite tonu ngā hua o te rū whenua ki ngā raraunga tautoko pēnei i te keri, ngā putunga whenua, ngā whakamātautau hangarau whenua, me ētahi atu tikanga ā-whenua (hei tauira, MASW, ātete, GPR rānei). Mā te whakaurunga raraunga ka nui ake te pono o te whakamaoritanga, ka whakaiti hoki i te koretake.
Te Katinga
He tikanga matawhenua nui te rū whenua i roto i te tūhuratanga whenua, inā koa mō ngā rangahau o raro i te mata whenua papaku ki te hohonu waenga. Mā te whakamahi i te tātaritanga wā haere ngaru whenua, ka taea e tēnei tikanga te whakatau tata i ngā tere paparanga me te hohonu o ngā rohe paparanga, ā, ka āwhina i te mahere i te papa toka, te matotoru o te huarere, te pūmanawa puna wai, me ngā rohe ngoikore whenua. Ahakoa ngā herenga pēnei i te uaua ki te kite i ngā paparanga huna me te whakawhirinaki ki te rerekētanga tere, he kōwhiringa whai hua tonu te rū whenua ina hangaia tika me te hono atu ki ētahi atu raraunga whenua. I te whanaketanga o te pūmanawa hurihanga tomographic, kua piki ake ngā āheinga o tēnei tikanga, ā, he taputapu whai hua, he taputapu kaha hoki mō te whānuitanga o ngā hiahia tūhura whenua me te hangarau.
