Me pēhea te aromatawai i te pūmanawa rauemi kohuke
Ko te aromatawai pūmanawa rauemi kohuke he raupapa o ngā mahi pūtaiao, hangarau, me te ōhanga hei whakatau mēnā kei roto i tētahi rohe ngā putunga kohuke whai hua, tōna whānuitanga, tōna ngāwari ki te tango, me te mea ka taea te mahi keri i runga i te taha pūtea me te whakaaetia e te taiao me te taha pāpori. Kāore e taea te whakahaere i tēnei tukanga i runga i ngā whakatau tirohanga, i ngā kōrero "rongo" rānei mai i ngā hapori o te rohe. Me whai huarahi pūnaha - mai i ngā rangahau tuatahi ki ngā tataunga rahui - kia tika ai, kia tika ai hoki ngā whakataunga haumi me te whakamahere keri.
Ko ngā wāhanga e whai ake nei he mea nui hei aromatawai i te pūmanawa o ngā rauemi kohuke whānui, mō ngā konganuku (koura, parahi, nikara, rino) me ngā mea ehara i te konganuku (kōhatu kōhatu, onepu kiripaka, phosphate), tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga hangarau me ngā āhuatanga kore hangarau e whakatau ana i te angitu.
1. Kia mārama ki te kaupapa o te aromatawai me te momo kohuke e hiahiatia ana
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te tautuhi i te whāinga aromatawai: ahakoa he mahere tirohanga tuatahi, he tūhuratanga matatau, he rangahau whaihua rānei. Ka pā tēnei whāinga ki te taumata o ngā taipitopito raraunga e hiahiatia ana, te utu, me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana. Hei tāpiri, me mārama te tautuhi i te momo kohuke e hiahiatia ana. Ko ngā kohuke whakarewa me tātari i te kounga, te tohatoha o te tinana o te kohuke, me ngā āhuatanga whakarewa. Ko ngā kohuke ahumahi, i tētahi atu taha, ka aro nui ki ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana-matū (hei tauira, te ihirangi CaCO₃ i roto i te kōhatu, te parakore SiO₂ rānei i roto i te onepū kuata), te rahi o te kōhatu, me te ōritetanga o te paparanga.
Mā te whakatau i te taonga e hiahiatia ana ka whakatauhia hoki te tauira putunga hei tohutoro mō te whakamaoritanga, pērā i te porphyry, te epithermal, te nickel laterite, te sedimentary, te placer rānei. Mā ngā tauira putunga ka āwhina ngā tohunga whenua ki te matapae i ngā tauira tohatoha kohuke me te whiriwhiri i ngā tikanga tūhuratanga tino whai hua.
2. Rangahau tuatahi: te kohikohi raraunga me te arotake tuhinga
Ko ngā rangahau tuatahi e arotahi ana ki te kohikohi i ngā mōhiohio e wātea ana. Ka ahu mai pea ēnei raraunga i ngā mapi whenua ā-rohe, ngā pūrongo rangahau, ngā raraunga kamupene o mua, ngā tuhinga mātauranga, ngā raraunga matū whenua ā-rohe, tae atu ki ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā tari kāwanatanga. I tēnei wā, ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei ka mahia:
– Te tātari i ngā mahere whenua me ngā hanganga (ngā hapa, ngā takai, ngā urutomo).
– Te tautuhi i ngā toka whai kohuke (ngā toka manaaki).
– Te ako i ngā wāhi he rerekē ngā āhuatanga, he hītori keri maina rānei.
– Te tātari i ngā whakaahua amiorangi me ngā raraunga whenua hei tiro i ngā tauira whakarerekētanga, ngā rārangi whenua, me te urunga atu.
Ko te whāinga tuatahi o te rangahau he whakamahine i tētahi rohe nui kia whaiti ake, kia arotahi ake ai, kia whai hua ake ai hoki ngā rangahau parae.
3. Te rangahau mahere whenua ā-papa
Ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei ko te mahere whenua taipitopito i te mara hei manatoko i ngā raraunga rangahau tuatahi. Kei roto i tēnei mahi te tirotiro i ngā papa toka, te ine i ngā hanganga whenua, te tautuhi i ngā rohe whakarerekētanga me te whakapūngao, me te mahere i te āhua o te kohatu. Ko te putanga matua o te mahere he mahere whenua o te tirohanga me te māramatanga tuatahi ki ngā mana whakahaere whakapūngao—hei tauira, ngā kukū kohuke i te taha o ngā hapa, ngā uaua quartz, ngā hononga urutomo, ngā paparanga motuhake rānei.
Ko te mahere pai he mea haere tahi me ngā tuhinga taipitopito: ngā taunga, ngā whakaahua o waho, ngā whakaahuatanga toka, me ngā tuhi. Ko ēnei mōhiohio te pūtake mō te whakatau i ngā pūwāhi tauira me te whakamahere i ngā rangahau whai muri.
4. Te tātari tauira me te tātari matū whenua
Ko te matū whenua te poutokomanawa o te tūhuratanga nā te mea ka taea te kite i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā huānga kāore e kitea tonutia e te kanohi tahanga. Kei roto i te whakamātautau tauira:
- Ngā tauira toka (maramara toka, tauira awaawa) mō ngā uaua, ngā papa rānei kua whakakōhuatia ki te kohuke.
- Ngā tauira oneone (te tango tauira oneone) hei kimi i ngā āhuatanga rerekē i raro i te mata.
– Tangohia ngā tauira paru mō ngā wāhi kua kapi i te otaota, i te oneone matotoru rānei.
Kātahi ka tātarihia ngā tauira i roto i te taiwhanga hei whakatau i ngā taumata o ngā huānga ūnga me ngā huānga e pā ana (ngā huānga ara). Hei tauira, i roto i te tūhuratanga koura, ka whakamahia ngā huānga pēnei i te As, Sb, me te Hg hei tohu. Ka aromatawaihia ngā hua o te tātari matū whenua mā te whakamahi i ngā tatauranga, ngā mahere rerekē, me te hononga ki te matawhenua hei whakatau i ngā rohe matua.
5. Ngā rangahau ā-whenua hei mahere i te mata o raro
Mena kāore i te kitea te whakatōnga o ngā kohuke, me mārama rānei te āhua o te tinana kohuke, ka taea e ngā tikanga ā-whenua te āwhina i te "kite" i te mata o raro me te kore e keri. Ko te tikanga i whiriwhiria ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo putunga:
– Aukume: he whai hua mō ngā kohuke e pā ana ki ngā toka mafic, ki ngā kohuke aukume rānei.
– IP/Ātete: e whakamahia ana mō ngā whanariki kua horapa, ngā porphyries, me ngā whakarerekētanga.
– Te ine taumaha: ka āwhina ki te kite i ngā rerekētanga o te matotoru o te toka.
– Aukume hiko: he mea whai hua mō ngā kaiārahi pēnei i ngā whanariki nunui.
– Radar wero whenua (iti): mō ngā hōhonutanga pāpaku me ētahi āhuatanga.
Me whakamārama ngā raraunga ā-whenua me ngā raraunga ā-whenua. Kāore te ā-whenua i te tūāpapa kotahi, engari he tino kaha mō te whakatau tata i te āhua o ngā ūnga keri.
6. Te keri me te keri i te whenua
Kia tino tautuhia te whāinga, ka mahia te keri hei tiki i ngā raraunga o raro i te mata e tino pono ana. Ka puta mai i te keri ngā matua, ngā tapahi keri rānei ka taea te tātari. Ko ngā mōhiohio e whiwhihia ana ko:
– Te matotoru me te haere tonu o te whakapūtanga o ngā kohuke.
– Te nui o ngā kohuke i ngā hohonutanga rerekē.
– Te āhua o te toka, ngā whakarerekētanga, me te hanganga.
– Te tino māramatanga matawhenua 3-ahu o te tinana konganuku.
Haunga te keri, ka taea te whakamahi i te keri hei whakaatu i te whakatōnga papaku o ngā kohuke, hei tiki tauira awaawa e whakaatu ana i ngā tauira toka matapōkere. He nui te pānga o te hoahoa whatunga, te whakatakotoranga o te poka wai, me ngā mana whakahaere kounga (QA/QC) (ngā paerewa, ngā wāhi takoto kau, me ngā tārua) ki te kounga o te kaupapa keri hei whakarite i ngā hua pono o ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga.
7. Te whakatauira matawhenua me te aromatawai rauemi
I muri i te kohikohi i ngā raraunga keri me te tauira, ka mahia te whakatauira matawhenua 3D hei whakaatu i te āhua o te tinana o te konganuku, ngā rohe whenua, me ngā rohe taumata. Kātahi ka mahia te aromatawai rauemi mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tatauranga matawhenua pēnei i te kriging, i ngā tikanga māmā ake rānei pēnei i te tawhiti whakamuri—i runga i te uaua o ngā raraunga.
Ko ngā hua whakatau tata ka whakarōpūtia ki ngā kāwai pēnei i te whakatau tata, te tohu tata, me te ine i runga anō i ngā paerewa pūrongo (hei tauira, JORC, NI 43-101, KCMI rānei i Initonīhia). E whakaata ana tēnei whakarōpūtanga i te taumata o te whakapono ki ngā raraunga: ko te matotoru ake o ngā raraunga, ko te pai ake o te whakahaere matawhenua, ko te teitei ake o te taumata whakapono.
8. Te whakamātautau whakarewa me ngā āhuatanga kohuke
Ahakoa he kounga teitei, ehara i te mea he ngāwari te tukatuka. Nō reira, ka whakahaerehia he whakamātautau whakarewa hei whakatau i te whakaora, te rahi o te kuru, ngā momo tukanga e tika ana (te whakapūmau, te tango wai, te wehenga ā-papa), me te nui o ngā poke (ngā wāhanga whiu) ka taea te whakaiti i te uara hoko, te whakauaua rānei i te tukatuka. Hei tauira, i roto i te nickel laterite, me wehewehe mēnā he pai ake mō te pyrometallurgy, te hydrometallurgy rānei, i runga i te nui o te Ni/Co me te mineralogy.
I tēnei wāhanga, ka taea hoki te whakahaere i te tātaritanga petrographic me te tātaritanga mineralographic (hei tauira, XRD, SEM) hei whakatau i te āhua o ngā kohuke whai huānga me te taumata o te hononga ki ētahi atu kohuke.
9. Ngā rangahau ōhanga: te tīmatanga o te whaihua ki te rangahau whaihua
Kāore e oti te aromatawai pea me te kore he tātaritanga ōhanga. Ka tatauhia e tēnei rangahau mēnā ka taea e ngā rauemi o nāianei te noho hei rahui whai hua mō te keri maina. Ko ngā āhuatanga e whakaarohia ana ko:
– Ngā whakatau tata mō ngā utu keri, te tukatuka, me ngā hanganga.
– Ngā utu o ngā taonga me ngā āhuatanga tairongo.
– Te taumata tapahi (taumata rohe ōhanga).
– Te tikanga keri (tuwhera, raro whenua rānei).
– Te hōtaka whakaputa me te roa o te wā e keri ana.
– Ngā uara NPV, IRR, me te wā utu whakahoki i te taumata rangahau e tika ana.
I ngā wāhanga tuatahi, ko te tātari he whānuitanga; kātahi ka neke whakamua ki ngā rangahau o mua i te whaihua me ngā rangahau whaihua me ngā raraunga taipitopito.
10. Ngā āhuatanga taiao, pāpori, ture me te mōrearea
Me arotake anō hoki te pūmanawa o ngā kohuke mai i te tirohanga pumau me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Ko ngā mea nui ko te tūnga whenua, te whakamahere ā-wāhi, ngā rohe ngahere, ngā whakaaetanga, me ngā pakanga pāpori pea. Ka arotakehia e ngā aromatawai taiao ngā pānga pēnei i te kounga o te wai , te rerenga wai waikawa pea o te maina, te whakahaere paru, te puehu, me te whakaora whenua.
He mea nui te whakahaere mōrearea: te koretake o te whenua (ngā panonitanga o te pikinga), te mōrearea hangarau (te whenua hangarau o te pari), te mōrearea utu taonga, me te mōrearea whakaaetanga. Me uru ki roto i tētahi aromatawai pai he mahere whakaiti i te kino, kaua ko ngā tatauranga rauemi anake.
Te Katinga
Ko te aromatawai i te pūmanawa rauemi kohuke me whai huarahi taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa: mai i ngā rangahau tuhinga me te mahere whenua, te matū whenua, me te ahupūngao whenua ki te keri me te aromatawai rauemi—ka mutu ki te whakamātautau whakarewa, ngā rangahau ōhanga, me ngā aromatawai taiao me te pāpori. Me whai raraunga tika me te whakauru i ia wāhanga hei karo i ngā whakataunga whakapae. Mā te huarahi pūnaha, ka taea te aromatawai i te pūmanawa kohuke me te kore whakaaro, ka taea te whai mōhiotanga ake i ngā haumitanga, ā, ka taea te hoahoa i ngā mahi keri me te whai whakaaro ki ngā painga ōhanga me te kawenga taiao me te pāpori.
