Te Rerekētanga i waenganui i te Magma me te Lava
He āhuatanga whenua nui te magma me te rangitoto e rua, he mea nui ki te hanganga o te Ao me te mahi a ngā puia. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia ēnei kupu e ētahi, e pā ana ēnei ki ngā āhua rerekē o te rauemi kotahi. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te magma me te rangitoto, ō rāua takenga mai, ō rāua āhuatanga, me ō rāua tūranga nui i roto i ngā tukanga whenua.
1. Ngā Whakamāramatanga Taketake:
Ko te magma he toka rewa, he toka haurua-rewa rānei kei raro i te mata o te Ao. He ranunga o ngā kohuke, ngā hau rewa, me ētahi tioata kua tīmata te hanga. Kei roto i te kirinuku o te Ao, i te papa o runga rānei, te magma, ā, kei roto pea i ēnei he maha ngā huānga, pērā i ngā silicate me te nuinga o ngā huānga e mōhiotia ana e tātou.
Ko te rangitoto, i tētahi atu taha, he magma kua tae ki te mata o te Ao nā te pahūtanga o te puia. I te haere o te magma mā roto i te kirinuku o te Ao, ka puta atu mā roto i tētahi rua, i tētahi atu pūaha rānei, ka ngaro te nuinga o ōna hau, ka heke te pāmahana me te pēhanga, ā, ka kiia ko te rangitoto.
2. Tauwāhi:
Ko te tauwāhi tētahi o ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te magma me te rangitoto. Kei ngā rohe o raro whenua te magma, he tino teitei ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga. I te nuinga o te wā, kei roto i ngā rūma magma i raro i ngā puia, i roto rānei i te papa o Papatūānuku te magma, he toka rewa-haurua.
E ai ki te kōrero, kei te mata o Papatūānuku te rangitoto. Whai muri i te pahūtanga o te puia, ka horapa te rangitoto ki ngā rohe e karapoti ana, ka hanga paparanga hou ki te mata, ā, ka hanga i te āhua o te whenua i roto i te wā.
3. Te Hanganga me te Hanganga:
He tino uaua te hanganga o te magma, ā, he rerekē i runga i tōna pūtake me te hohonutanga o tōna hanganga. I te nuinga o te wā kei roto he ranunga o ngā kohuke, ngā hau rewa, me ētahi tioata. Ko ngā silicate te wāhanga matua o te magma, ka taea te whakarōpū ki ētahi momo, pērā i te basaltic, te andesitic, me te rhyolitic, i runga i tōna hanganga.
Ina tae te rangitoto ki te mata o te Ao, ka tīmata te whakamatao, he rite tonu te hanganga ki te magma taketake, engari he nui ngā huringa ka pā. Ko te ngaronga o ngā hau rewa me te whakamatao tere ka whakarerekē i te kakano o te rangitoto, ka hua ake he hanganga rerekē pērā i te rangitoto pahoehoe maeneene, te rangitoto aa toka me te koretake, me te rangitoto urunga, ka puta i raro i te wai.
4. Te pāmahana:
He tino teitei te pāmahana o te magma, mai i te 700 ki te 1300 nekehanga Celsius, neke atu rānei. I ēnei pāmahana, ka noho tonu ngā toka i raro i te mata o te Ao i roto i te āhua wai, i te āhua haurua-wai rānei. He pānga anō hoki te pēhanga tino teitei i roto i te Ao ki te pupuri i te magma i roto i te āhua wai.
He tino teitei hoki te pāmahana o te rangitoto ina puta tuatahi mai i te puia, tata rite tonu ki te pāmahana o te magma taketake. Heoi, i te taenga atu o te rangitoto ki te mata o te Ao, ā, ka kitea ki te āhuarangi, ka tīmata te heke tere o te pāmahana, ka matotoru te rangitoto, ā, ka totoka hei toka puia.
5. Ngā Mahi Puia:
Ko te hua o ngā mahi puia ko te nekehanga o te magma mai i raro i te mata o te Ao ki te mata. Ina piki te pēhanga, ka rapu te magma i tētahi putanga mā roto i ngā kapiti, i ngā pūngao puia rānei. Ko ngā pahūtanga puia tētahi o ngā huarahi matua e tae atu ai te magma ki te mata, ka huri hei rangitoto.
He maha ngā momo puāwaitanga puia, ā, ka pāngia ia momo e te hurihanga o te magma hei rangitoto me te āhua o te rangitoto. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā puāwaitanga pahū te pupuhi i te magma ki te rangi, ka whakamatao hei pungarehu puia, ko ngā puāwaitanga pupū ka puta he rerenga rangitoto ka kapi i ngā wāhi whānui.
6. Pānga ki ngā Pūnaha Rauropi me te Ora:
He mea nui te noho mai o te magma i roto i te Ao mō ngā tukanga whenua pēnei i te hanganga o te puia me te huringa rauemi o te koroka. Ka pāngia hoki te hanganga o ngā kohuke utu nui e whakamahia ana e te tangata i roto i te keri.
Ahakoa he kino te rangitoto ki ngā pūnaha rauropi me te ora i te wā poto, ka taea hoki e ia te hanga oneone momona i te wā roa. He nui ngā kohuke me ngā matūkai i roto i te oneone puia i hangaia mai i te rangitoto kua whakamataohia, ā, he pai mō te ahuwhenua. Ko ētahi o ngā wāhi ahuwhenua momona rawa atu o te ao kei runga i ngā oneone puia, pērā i te taha o Maunga Merapi i Initonīhia, i Maunga Vesuvius rānei i Itari.
7. Te Tūranga i roto i te Hanganga Oneone:
He mea nui te mahi a te magma e toe ana i raro i te mata o te Ao ki te hanganga o te oneone me ngā toka plutonika, pērā i te karāneti. I te mea ka mātao haere te magma i roto i te kirinuku o te Ao, ka hangaia he toka me ngā tioata nunui, mārama hoki.
Ko te rangitoto e whakamatao ana i te mata o Papatūānuku ka puta he toka puia, pērā i te pātarati, te pumice, me te obsidian. He angiangi ake ēnei toka, ā, he iti ake te kirikiri i ngā toka plutonika nā te tere o te whakamatao.
8. Ngā Rangahau Matawhenua me te Puia:
Ka rangahauhia e ngā tohunga whenua me ngā tohunga puia te magma me te rangitoto kia pai ake ai te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga ā-roto o te Ao, te hītori whenua, me ngā mahi puia. Mā te ako i te magma, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te mārama ki ngā tukanga hanganga toka me te whanaketanga o te hanganga matū o te Ao.
I tētahi atu taha, mā ngā rangahau rangitoto ka kitea ngā tikanga o ngā pupūnga puia, te whanonga o te rangitoto i te mata, me ōna pānga pea ki te taiao me te oranga o te tangata. Mā te mātakitaki i ngā pupūnga rangitoto ka āwhina hoki ki te matapae i ngā pupūnga ā muri ake nei, me te whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga kino.
Ngā tauira:
Ko te magma me te rangitoto he wāhanga nui e rua o ngā pūnaha puia, he rerekē ā rāua mahi i roto, i runga hoki i te mata o te Ao. Ko te magma he toka rewa i raro i te whenua ka taea te whakaputa puia ina tae ki te mata o te Ao. Ko te rangitoto he magma kua pahū, kua hanga hei rerenga, hei putunga toka puia rānei i runga i te mata.
Ko ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i te magma me te rangitoto kei roto i tō rāua wāhi, tōna āhua ā-tinana, tōna hanganga, me ōna pānga ki te taiao. Ko te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga te mea nui ki te mōhio ki ngā mahi puia me ōna pānga. Mā te ako hōhonu i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki ngā whanaketanga o tō tātou Ao me te pānga o ēnei tukanga ki te ora i runga i te ao.
