Te Whakahaere i ngā Rohe Wai e Hangai ana ki te Whenua
Ko te rohe wai (DAS) he whenua e karapotia ana e ngā pae maunga, e ngā pukepuke rānei, ka kohia te wai ua, ka mimitia, ā, ka tukuna mā roto i tētahi whatunga awa ki tētahi putanga kotahi pērā i te roto, te puna wai, te moana rānei. I roto i te horopaki o te whanaketanga tauwhiro, ehara i te whenua noa te rohe wai, engari he pūnaha e whakauru ana i ngā wāhanga ā-tinana, ā-koiora, ā-pāpori-ōhanga. Nō reira, me whai huarahi te whakahaere rohe wai hei whakamārama i ngā whanaungatanga ā-wāhi, hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o ia rohe, hei aromatawai hoki i te pānga o ngā mahi a te tangata mai i te taha whakarunga ki te taha whakararo. Koinei te wāhi e noho ai te huarahi ā-whenua hei tūāpapa nui mō te whakahaere rohe wai whai hua.
He aha te hiranga o te whenua i roto i te whakahaerenga o ngā rohe wai?
Ka ako te whenua i ngā tauira, ngā tukanga, me ngā taunekeneke o ngā āhuatanga i runga i te mata o te Ao mai i te tirohanga ā-wāhi. I roto i te whakahaerenga o ngā rohe wai, ka āwhina te huarahi whenua ki te whakautu i ngā pātai matua: kei hea te pūtake o te raruraru, me pēhea te rere o te wai me ngā rauemi, ko ēhea ngā wāhi e tino whakaraerae ana, me pēhea te pānga o te whakamahinga whenua ki te kounga me te rahinga o te wai. He "hononga" ngā rohe wai: ka taea e ngā huringa ki runga ake te whakaoho i te waipuke ki raro iho, ka taea e te horo i runga i ngā pari te whakatō i roto i ngā awa me ngā puna wai, ko te parahanga i roto i ngā tāone nui ka kino i ngā rauropi wai me te whakararuraru i ngā puna wai ma i ētahi atu wāhi.
Mā te huarahi matawhenua ka taea te whakahaere i runga i ngā taunakitanga mā te whakakotahi i ngā raraunga mō te whenua, te āhuarangi, te wai, te oneone, te uhi whenua, te tohatoha taupori, me ngā mahi ōhanga. Nō reira, kāore te whakahaere e whakahaerehia i runga i te āhua wehewehe i runga i ngā rohe whakahaere, engari ka urutau ki ngā rohe taiao o te rohe wai.
Ngā Wāhanga Matawhenua i roto i te Tātaritanga o ngā Rohe Wai
Ko te whakahaerenga o ngā awaawa e ahu mai ana i te whenua, he maha ngā wāhanga matua e tirohia ana:
1. Te whenua me te pikinga o te pari
Ko te whānuitanga o te rohe e whakatau ana i te ahunga o te rere, te tere o te rerenga o te mata, me te kaha o te horo. Ko ngā wāhi paripari o te taha whakarunga ka tere te rerenga o te wai me te nui o ngā putunga paru mena ka whakararuraruhia te taupoki otaota.
2. Te āhuarangi me te ua
Ka pāngia te rere o te awa, te waipuke, me te wātea o te wai i te wā maroke e ngā rerekētanga ā-wāhi o te ua. Mā te tātari whenua ka taea te mahere i ngā rohe ua, ngā kaha nui, me ngā tauira hurihanga o te wā.
3. Momo oneone me te āhua whenua
He ngāwari te memeha o te oneone kikokore, engari ko te kaha o te urunga ka whakatau i te nui o te wai e tomo ana ki te oneone, ā, ka noho hei wai whenua. He pānga anō hoki tō te hanganga whenua ki te mōrearea o te horo whenua me te wātea o ngā puna wai.
4. Te whakamahinga whenua me te taupoki whenua
He rerekē ngā pānga o ngā ngahere, ngā māra, ngā mara raihi, ngā wāhi noho, tae atu ki ngā wāhi ahumahi ki te urunga mai o te wai, te rerenga mai o te wai, me te kounga o te wai. Hei tauira, mā te noho tāone ka nui ake ngā mata e kore e taea te ārai, ā, ka nui ake hoki ngā waipuke o te rohe.
5. Te āhua o te whatunga awa me te awaawa
Ka pā te mātotoru o te rerenga wai, te āhua pikopiko, me ngā āhuatanga o te rohe o te awa ki te kaha rokiroki, te pūmanawa o te horo o ngā pareparenga, me te nohanga wai.
6. Ngā āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga me te ahurea
Ka pāngia te whenua me ngā rauemi wai e ngā tauira nohoanga, ngā oranga, ngā taumata rawakore, me te kāwanatanga ā-rohe. Mā te whenua tangata ka mārama ko wai ka pāngia, ko wai hoki te kaiwhakahaere o te huringa.
Te Tūranga o te GIS me te Pūrongo Mamao
He nui te āwhina a ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua (GIS) me te matawai mamao ki te whakahaere i ngā rohe wai hou. Ka taea e ngā whakaahua amiorangi te aroturuki i ngā panonitanga o te uhi whenua, te hauora o ngā tipu, te whānuitanga o te wai waipuke, tae atu ki te paru o te wai. Mā te GIS ka taea te whakauru i ngā paparanga raraunga maha (te whenua, te oneone, te whakamahinga whenua, te ua, te kiato o te taupori) hei whakaputa i ngā mahere whakaraerae horo, ngā mahere mōrearea waipuke, me ngā kaupapa matua whakaora.
Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i te tauira teitei mamati (DEM), ka taea e ngā kaiwhakahaere te tatau i ngā pikinga pari me ngā tauira rere, kātahi ka tautuhi i ngā awa iti e nui ana te paru. Ka taea te whakamahi i ēnei raraunga hei whakatau i ngā wāhi tino whai hua mō te whakatipu ngahere, te whakatō whenua, te hanga rānei i ngā tāke whakahaere paru.
Ngā Raru Noa i roto i ngā Rohe Wai me te Huarahi Matawhenua
Ko ētahi o ngā raruraru e puta pinepine ana i roto i ngā awaawa ko:
– Te waipuke o raro i te awa nā te hurihanga whenua ki uta, te whaiti o te awa, me te pikinga ake o ngā mata e kore e taea te uru ki roto i ngā tāone nui.
– Ko te horo me te paru e whakapāpaku ana i ngā awa me ngā puna wai, e whakaiti ana i te kaha rokiroki, e whakakino ana hoki i te whakamakuku.
– Te raruraru wai i te wā maroke nā te iti o te urunga mai o te wai me te iti o ngā rahui wai whenua.
– Te parahanga wai mai i ngā para o te whare, te ahuwhenua (ngā tongi me ngā patu pepeke), me ngā ahumahi.
– Te hekenga o ngā pūnaha rauropi taha awa nā te hanga whare i ngā tahataha awa me te tapahi i ngā otaota i te tahataha awa.
Mā te tirohanga ā-whenua, ka tirohia te raruraru hei raupapa o ngā tukanga whakawhiti-rohe. Hei tauira, ehara i te mea ko te waipuke te "ua nui" anake, engari ko te taunekeneke o te ua nui, ngā āhuatanga o te pari, te uhi whenua, te kaha o te awa, me te whakamahere tāone. Mā te tātari ā-wāhi, ka taea te aro ki ngā wawaotanga ki ngā wāhi matua e whai pānga nui ana.
Ngā Mātāpono o te Whakahaere Wai Ā-Ao e Hangai Ana ki te Whenua
Hei whai hua, hei pumau hoki, ko te whakahaere i ngā rohe wai e ahu mai ana i te whenua me whai i ngā mātāpono e whai ake nei:
1. I runga i ngā waeine wai, ehara i te mea ko ngā waeine whakahaere anake
Me mahi tahi ngā kaupapa whakawhiti-rohe/tāone nā te mea kāore ngā awa e mōhio ki ngā rohe kāwanatanga.
2. Te awa whakarunga–te awa whakararo hei wāhanga kotahi
He mea nui te whakaora i te taha whakarunga o te awa hei whakaiti i te waipuke me te paru, ā, he mea nui anō hoki te whakapai ake i ngā waikeri me te rohe whakararo.
3. Te whakarōpūtanga me ngā kaupapa matua ā-wāhi
Kāore e hiahiatia ana kia rite te āhua o te tiaki i ngā wāhi katoa. Me whakarite kia aro nui ki ngā rohe e pāngia ana e te horo whenua, te horo nui, ngā rohe hopu wai nui rānei.
4. Te whakaurunga o te tiaki me te whakamahinga
Ehara te tiaki oneone me te tiaki wai i te kati i te huarahi ōhanga, engari ko te whakarite i te whakamahinga whenua kia rite ki te kaha o te whenua.
5. Te whai wāhi a te hapori me te urunga tika
Me mārama ngā kaupapa here pai ki ngā hiahia o te rohe, me whakauru ngā rōpū ngoikore, ā, me taurite hoki ngā painga o ngā kaiwhakamahi wai.
Ngā Rautaki Whakahaere Whaihua
Ko te whakahaerenga o ngā awaawa e ahu mai ana i te whenua, he tikanga tēnei kia whakakotahi i ngā rautaki hanganga me ngā rautaki kore-hanganga:
– Te whakaora i ngā ngahere me ngā mahi ahuwhenua i ngā pari pari hei whakanui ake i te urunga mai o te wai me te whakahaere i te horo.
– Te tiaki oneone pērā i te whakatakoto papa whenua, ngā pukepuke whakarara, ngā hua taupoki, me te whakahaere i ngā rori māra kia kore ai e huri hei ara rerenga wai.
– Te tiaki i ngā rohe o te awa mā te whakato otaota taha awa, te whakahaere i ngā whare ture kore, me te whakaora i ngā pareparenga awa.
– Te whakahaere i te paru mā te whakamahi i ngā tāke ārai, te rorak, ngā puna urutomo, me te whakahaere pakari i ngā keri C.
– Te whakahaere ā-wāhi o te tāone: te whakanui ake i ngā wāhi tuwhera matomato, ngā hanganga matomato (ngā pūwero koiora, ngā māra urutomo), me ngā pūnaha waikeri e pai ana ki te taiao.
– Te whakahaere i te parahanga mā roto i ngā whare maimoatanga waipara, te whakaiti i ngā whakaurunga matū ahuwhenua, me te tirotiro ahumahi.
Ka whai kiko ake ēnei rautaki katoa mēnā ka tautokona e tētahi mahere mahi matua e ahu mai ana i te GIS, kia mārama ai te tauwāhi, te tauine, me te raupapatanga o ngā mahi.
Ngā Wero Whakatinanatanga
Ahakoa te kaha o te ariā, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o te whakahaerenga o ngā rohe wai: te mahi tahi a ngā tari, te taupatupatu o ngā mana whakahaere, ngā pānga whenua taupatupatu, te iti o ngā raraunga, me ngā herenga pūtea koretake. Hei tāpiri, ka whakanui ake te huringa āhuarangi i te koretake mā te nui haere o ngā ua nui me ngā wā maroke roa. Nō reira, me urutau te whakahaerenga o ngā rohe wai: te whakahou i ngā raraunga ā-wāhi, te aroturuki i ngā tohu mahi, me te whakarerekē i ngā mahere i runga i ngā hua aromatawai.
Te Katinga
Ko te whakahaerenga rohe wai e ahu mai ana i te whenua e titiro ana ki ngā rohe wai he pūnaha ā-wāhi e hono tahi ana mai i te taha whakarunga ki te taha whakararo, e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-taiao, me te ā-hapori. Mā te āwhina o te GIS me te matawai mamao, ka taea e tēnei huarahi te tautuhi i te pūtake o ngā raruraru, te mahere i ngā ngoikoretanga, me te whakarite i ngā wawaotanga whai hua me te tika. Hei whakamutunga, ko te whakahaerenga rohe wai pai ehara i te mea ko te whakaiti i te waipuke, te whakarato wai rānei, engari ko te pupuri i te taurite o te whenua, te tiaki i ngā oranga o te hapori, me te whakarite i te pumau o ngā rauemi mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
