Ngā Mahere Whenua me ō rātou Painga i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga
Ko ngā mapi whenua he momo mapi e whai wāhi nui ana ki te whakahaere ā-wāhi, whenua, me te whanaketanga. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, tae atu ki a Indonesia, ko ngā mapi whenua hei pūtake mō te tautuhi mārama i ngā rohe whenua, tae atu ki te mana o te whenua me ētahi atu mōhiohio hangarau. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ngā mapi whenua tika i te kāwanatanga ki te whakamahere whanaketanga engari ka tiaki hoki i ngā mana whenua o te hapori, ā, ka whakatenatena i tētahi āhuarangi haumi hauora ake. I roto i tētahi horopaki whanaketanga e piki haere ana te uaua, ka taea te kī ko ngā mapi whenua he "pūtake raraunga" e hono ana i ngā āhuatanga ture, hangarau, ōhanga, me te pāpori o tētahi rohe.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Mahere Whenua
I te nuinga o te wā, he mahere whenua he mahere e whakaatu ana i ngā rohe o ngā poraka whenua, ā, kei roto hoki ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te whenua. Ko ngā mōhiohio e whakaaturia ana ko te rahi, te āhua, me te tūranga o te poraka, ā, kei roto pea ko te tau tautuhi poraka, te whakamahinga whenua, me ētahi atu āhuatanga e pā ana. Ko ngā mahere whenua ka hangaia i runga i ngā inenga tika, ā, he tohutoro taunga motuhake, kia tika ai te hangarau.
He rerekē ngā mahere kaupapa, e aro nui ana ki tētahi kaupapa motuhake (hei tauira, ngā mahere whakamahinga whenua, ngā mahere mōrearea ā-pāpā rānei), e aro ana ngā mahere whenua ā-whenua ki ngā āhuatanga ture me ngā āhuatanga ā-ira o ngā whenua. He wāhanga nui ēnei mahere o ngā pūnaha whakahaere whenua, nā te mea ka āwhina i te whakarite kia mārama, kia tuhia hoki ngā rohe o ia whenua.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o ngā Mahere Whenua
He maha ngā wāhanga matua o ngā mapi whenua ā-rohe e whai hua nui ai ēnei i roto i te whakamahere whanaketanga. Tuatahi, ka whakaaturia ngā rohe whenua ki ngā rārangi e tohu ana i te wehenga i waenga i ngā whenua, i ngā poraka rānei. Tuarua, he mea whai hua ngā mōhiohio rahi me ngā āhuatanga, pērā i te roa o te taha, te horahanga rānei o te poraka whenua, mō ngā tataunga taake, te utu, me te whakamahere hangarau. Tuatoru, ko te tautuhi poraka whenua, pērā i te tau poraka, te tau mapi rānei, e hono ana i te mapi ki ngā tuhinga ture pērā i ngā tiwhikete whenua. Tuawhā, ko ngā āhuatanga tohutoro whenua pērā i ngā pūwāhi taunga, ngā whatunga whakahaere, ngā pūnaha whakaata rānei, e whakarite ana ka taea te whakauru i te mapi ki ētahi atu raraunga ā-wāhi.
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia ngā mahere whenua hou mā te whakamahi i ngā Pūnaha Mōhiohio Matawhenua (GIS). Mā tēnei whakamāoritanga ka taea te whakahou tere ake i ngā raraunga, te tātari hohonu ake, me te whakakotahi ki ētahi atu raraunga pēnei i te rohe whenua, te taupori, me ngā whatunga hanganga.
Te Tukanga Whakarite Mahere Whenua
He maha ngā wāhanga o te whakarite mapi whenua, mai i te kohikohi raraunga ki te manatoko. Ko te tikanga ka tīmata te tukanga mā te ruri me ngā inenga whenua hei whakatau i ngā rohe whenua. Ka taea e ēnei inenga te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tuku iho, i ngā hangarau hou rānei pērā i te GPS whenua, te Teihana Katoa, me te mahere whenua e ahu mai ana i te waka rererangi. Kātahi ka tukatukahia ngā raraunga ka puta hei whakaahua mapi e piri ana ki ngā paerewa motuhake.
Ko te wāhanga e whai ake nei ko te whakamana, arā, ko te tirotiro i te ōritetanga o ngā hua ine ki ngā mōhiohio ture me ngā whakaaetanga rohe i te mara. Ka uru pea ngā kaipupuri whenua, ngā āpiha o te kāinga/rohe iti, me ngā tari whenua ki tēnei tukanga. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he hua hangarau noa iho ngā mahere whenua, engari he hua anō hoki nō ngā tukanga whakahaere me ngā tukanga pāpori e whakarite ana kia whakaaetia, kia whakamanahia hoki ngā rohe whenua.
Ngā Painga o ngā Mahere Whenua i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga
1. Whakapūmau i te Pūmautanga Ture, me te Whakaiti i ngā Tautohe
Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o ngā mapi whenua whenua ko te whakarato i te tino māramatanga ture mō te mana whenua me ngā rohe. Ina kore e mārama ngā rohe whenua, ka piki ake te tūponotanga o ngā tautohe i waenga i ngā kainoho, i waenga i ngā kainoho me ngā kamupene, i waenga rānei i ngā hapori me te kāwanatanga. Ka taea e ngā tautohe whenua te whakararu i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga, te whakaoho i ngā pakanga pāpori, me te whakararu i te haumitanga. Mā ngā mapi whenua whenua whenua tika, ka taea te whakatau i ngā rohe whenua, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o ngā tautohe.
2. Te Tautoko i te Whakamahere Wāhi
Me hangai te whanaketanga pai ki te whakamahere ā-wāhi. Ka whakaratohia e ngā mapi whenua ā-rohe ngā taipitopito mō ia wāhanga whenua e tika ana mō te whakamahere rohe, te whakatau i ngā wāhi noho, ngā wāhi ahumahi, ngā wāhi ahuwhenua, me ngā wāhi tuwhera matomato. Ina whakauruhia ngā mapi whenua ā-rohe ki te Mahere Ā-Rohe (RTRW), ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakatakoto kaupapa here tika ake, pērā i te whakatau i ngā wāhi e whakaaetia ana mō te whanaketanga, ngā wāhi me tiaki, me ngā wāhi mōrearea ā-pānga e hiahia ana kia herea te whanaketanga.
3. Whakangāwari i te Hoko Whenua mō ngā Hanganga
Ko ngā kaupapa hanganga pēnei i ngā rori, ngā rēriwe, ngā tāhuna, ngā taunga rererangi, ngā tauranga, ngā raina hiko rānei me hoko whenua, he mea uaua tonu tēnei. Mā ngā mahere whenua ā-whenua ka taea te tautuhi i ngā whenua e pāngia ana, te rohe e riro mai ana, me ngā rōpū e whai mana ana ki te whenua. Mā ngā raraunga mārama, ka mārama ake, ka tere ake, ka tika ake hoki te tukanga utu, ā, ka ārai i te whakararuraru o te whanaketanga hanganga e ngā take whakahaere.
4. Te Whakapai Ake i te Whai Huatanga o te Whakahaere Whenua
Ko te whakahaere whenua e kapi ana i te rēhitatanga whenua, te tuku tiwhikete, te wehewehe whenua, te whakakotahi whenua, me ngā whakarerekētanga taitara. Ko ngā mapi whenua te tohutoro matua i roto i ēnei tukanga katoa. Mā te whakarite pai o ngā raraunga whenua ka tere ake, ka tika ake hoki ngā ratonga tūmatanui. Mā te mamati i ngā mapi whenua ka taea hoki te whakauru i waenga i ngā tari, pērā i te tari whenua, ngā kāwanatanga ā-rohe, me te tari taake.
5. Te Tautoko i te Kohinga Taake me te Moni Whiwhi ā-Rohe
Ko ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga, inā koa mai i te rāngai Taake Whenua me te Hanga Whare (PBB), he mea nui ki ngā raraunga whenua tika. Mā ngā mahere whenua ka taea te whakarite kia tuhia ia poraka whenua, kia tika tōna rohe, kia rite hoki tōna whakamahinga ki tā te tuhinga. Mā tēnei ka tika ake te kohi taake: kāore he whenua e warewarehia, ā, kāore he kaiutu taake e pāngia ana e ngā raraunga hē. Hei whakamutunga, mā te whakapai ake i te tika o ngā raraunga ka taea te tautoko i te pikinga o ngā moni whiwhi ā-rohe hei putea i te whanaketanga.
6. Whakatenatena i te Pūtea me te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga
Me whai haumarutanga whenua ngā kaipupuri moni i mua i te tīmatanga o tētahi pakihi. Mā ngā mahere whenua whaimana ka taea te tirotiro tika, arā, te tirotiro i te tūnga whenua i mua i tētahi tauwhitinga. Mā tēnei tino māramatanga ka whakatairanga i tētahi āhuarangi haumi haumaru ake, ka whakaiti i ngā mōrearea ture, ā, ka tere ake ngā tauwhitinga hoko me te hoko whenua. Hei tāpiri, ka āwhina ngā mahere whenua whaimana i te whakamahere i ngā whenua ahumahi, ngā rohe ōhanga motuhake, me ngā kaupapa whare, nā te mea ka taea e ngā raraunga whenua taipitopito te whakarite i ngā tataunga utu me te whakaritenga tika ake.
7. Te Tautoko i te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro me te Tiaki Taiao
He taputapu pea ngā mahere whenua hei whakarite kia kore ai e kino ngā wāhi tiaki, e takahi rānei i ngā rohe o te awa, o te takutai moana, me te ngahere e te whanaketanga. Mā te whakauru i ngā mahere whenua ki ngā raraunga taiao, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te aroturuki i ngā huringa whakamahinga whenua, te kite i ngā takahi, me te ārahi i te whanaketanga kia pai ake ai te pumau. He whai hua hoki ēnei mahere mō ngā kaupapa whakahou whenua, nā te mea ka āwhina i te mahere i te tohatoha o te mana whenua me te tautuhi i ngā kore taurite.
Ngā Wero i roto i te Whakawhanaketanga Mahere Whenua
Ahakoa ōna painga nui, he maha ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā mapi whenua. Tuatahi, kei reira tonu ētahi wāhi kāore anō kia oti te mahere, kāore rānei i te ōrite ngā raraunga. Tuarua, ko te tere o te hurihanga o ngā rohe me ngā tauwhitinga whenua me whakahou i ngā raraunga, he mea uaua tonu tēnei nā te iti o ngā rauemi. Tuatoru, he wero te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tari, inā koa me whakauru ngā raraunga whenua ki te whakamahere ā-wāhi, ki ngā hanganga, me ngā raraunga taake. Tuawhā, ko ngā āhuatanga pāpori pēnei i ngā tautohe roa, ngā rohe kāore i whakaaetia, te kore rānei o ngā tuhinga ture ka taea te whakaroa i te tukanga mahere.
Te Katinga
He taputapu nui ngā mahere whenua ā-rohe hei tautoko i te whanaketanga mai i ngā tirohanga maha: ture, whakamahere, ōhanga, me te pāpori. Mā ngā mahere whenua ā-rohe tika, kua whakauruhia hoki, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakamahere whanaketanga kia whai hua ake, te whakaiti i ngā pakanga whenua, te whakateretere i ngā kaupapa hanganga, me te whakatenatena i te haumi. I tēnei ao matihiko, mā te whakamahinga o te GIS me te hangarau mahere hou ka nui haere te hiranga o ngā mahere whenua ā-rohe hei raraunga tūāpapa mō te whanaketanga. Nō reira, ko ngā mahi ki te whakapakari i te pūnaha whenua ā-rohe—ahakoa mā te mahere whānui, te whakahou raraunga, te whakanui ake rānei i te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā tari—he mahi rautaki hei whakatutuki i te whanaketanga tika, tika, me te pumau.
