Te Ahuwhenua i Amerika Latina me te Ao Mayan
Pendahuluan
He rohe a Amerika Latina e pupuri ana i ngā mea ngaro me ngā tohu o te hītori roa o ngā iwi nunui o mua. Ko tētahi o ngā iwi rongonui ko te iwi Mayan. Heoi, i mua i te ruku hohonu ki roto i te iwi Maya, he mea nui kia mārama tuatahi ki te hiranga o te whaipara tangata i Amerika Latina. Kei te whenua o Amerika Latina ngā wāhi whaipara tangata nui e whakarato ana i te tirohanga ki te oranga o ngā hapori onamata kua awe i te ao hou.
Te Tūranga o te Arorangi i Amerika Latina
Ko te whaipara tangata i Amerika Latina he mara ako e aro ana ki te mārama ki ngā hapori onamata mā roto i ngā toenga taonga i mahue iho i a rātou. Ka taea e ēnei toenga te noho hei taonga tuku iho, hei whare, hei tanumanga, hei taonga iti rānei o ia rā pērā i ngā taputapu o te whare. I tēnei rohe, he mahi nui tā te whaipara tangata ki te hura i te hītori me te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hōhonu ki ngā iwi o mua kua ngaro, kua rerekē rānei i roto i te wā.
E horapa ana te whaipara tangata i Amerika Latina i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā ahurea, tae atu ki te Inca, Aztec, Olmec, me te Maya, ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i ō tātou mōhiotanga mō ngā mea o mua te whaipara tangata, engari ka āwhina hoki ki te tiaki i ngā taonga tuku iho e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā tuakiri ā-motu me ngā tuakiri ā-rohe. He mea nui te whaipara tangata hei mārama ki te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga pāpori, tōrangapū, me te ōhanga o ngā hapori onamata , me te taunekeneke ki tō rātou taiao me ētahi atu hapori.
Te Ao o te iwi Mayan
Ko tētahi o ngā iwi rongonui o Amerika Latina i kitea i roto i ngā rangahau whaipara tangata. E mōhiotia ana rātou mō ā rātou takoha ki te whetū, te hoahoanga, te pāngarau, me te tuhituhi hieroglyphic, i waiho e rātou he taonga tuku iho whakamiharo e whakahihiko tonu ana i ngā kaipūtaiao i ēnei rā.
He Hītori Poto o te Ao Mayan
I tupu te iwi Maya i te rohe e kapi ana i te tonga o Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, me El Salvador. I eke ki tōna taumata teitei i waenga i te 250 me te 900 AD, e kiia ana ko te wā Classic. Heoi, ko ngā pakiaka o te iwi Maya ka taea te whai i te wā Pre-Classic, tata ki te 2000 BC, i te wā i tīmata ai te whanake o ngā hapori ahuwhenua me te puta mai o ngā nohoanga tuturu.
Te Tātaritanga whetū me te Maramataka
I rongonui te iwi Maya mō ō rātou mōhiotanga whakamiharo ki te whetū. I whakawhanakehia e rātou ētahi maramataka tino tika, tae atu ki te Haab (he maramataka rā 365-rā) me te Tzolk'in (he maramataka karakia 260-rā), me te maramataka Wira Maramataka, i whakakotahi i ngā pūnaha e rua hei whai i ngā huringa wā roa ake. I reira anō te Maramataka Tatau Roa, i whakamahia hei ine i ngā wā roa atu i ngā mano tau, me te Maramataka Baktun, i rongonui mō te matapae i tētahi huringa nui ka mutu i te tau 2012.
I whakamahia e ngā tohunga whetū Maya ngā whare tirotiro whetu pērā i ērā i Chichén Itzá me Uaxactún hei tirotiro i ngā nekehanga o ngā tinana o te rangi, he mea hono tata ki ā rātou mahi whakapono me ā rātou mahi ahuwhenua. He mōhiotanga hōhonu tō rātou ki ngā huringa o te rā, te marama, ngā aorangi, me ngā whetū, ā, nā ēnei i awe ngā huihuinga nui me te whakaritenga o tā rātou maramataka.
Toi me te Hanga Whare
He mea whakamiharo hoki te hoahoanga o te iwi Mayan, me ngā piramita nunui, ngā temepara, ngā whare kingi, me ngā whare tirotiro i hangaia me te kore e whakamahi i ngā taputapu whakarewa, i te wira rānei. I whakamahia e tā rātou hangarau hanga te kōhatu ā-rohe, i whakairohia e ngā ringa mohio ki ngā poraka nunui me ngā whakairo matatini. He maha ngā wā ka taea te tae atu ki ngā tihi o ngā piramita mā ngā arawhata pari e anga atu ana ki ngā temepara i te tihi.
Ko ngā wāhi rongonui pērā i a Tikal, Palenque, Copán, me Chichén Itzá e whakaatu ana i ngā hoahoanga Mayan whakahirahira. I roto i ngā mahi toi, e rongonui ana rātou mō ā rātou whakairo kōhatu matatini, ngā peita pakitara, me ngā uku peita. Ko te nuinga o ēnei mahi toi e whakaatu ana i ngā whakaaturanga whakapono, ngā pūrākau, te oranga o ia rā, me ō rātou rangatira me ō rātou atua.
Pūnaha Tuhituhi Hieroglyphic
Ko te iwi Maya tētahi o ngā pūnaha tuhituhi matatau rawa atu o ngā iwi onamata katoa. I whakamahia e rātou ngā tohu hieroglyph hei tuhi i te hītori, te whetū, ngā pūrākau, me ngā kawa whakapono. He mea noa te kite i tēnei tuhituhi i runga i ngā whakamaharatanga, i ngā codex (ngā pukapuka kua takaihia ki te kiri rakau), me ngā uku.
I ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua nui te ahunga whakamua kua puta ki te wetewete i ngā tohu hieroglyph Maya, ā, ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te mārama ake ki ō rātou oranga me ngā whakapono. Mā tēnei wetewete ka puta he māramatanga nui ki ngā mahi tōrangapū, ōhanga, me te whakapono a te Maya, tae atu ki ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā tāone i roto i ā rātou whatunga hokohoko me ngā hononga tōrangapū.
Te Karakia me te Ao Tūroa
He uaua ngā whakapono whakapono a te iwi Maya, ā, he maha ngā atua i uru atu, e tohu ana i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao me te ao whānui. He mahi nui tā ngā kaiārahi whakapono, arā, ngā "ā kin" i roto i tō rātou hapori, ā, he maha ngā wā ka noho hei kaiārahi tōrangapū. He maha ngā wā i uru ai ngā whakahere ki ngā atua, ngā kawa toto, me ngā kanikani whakanui i hangaia hei whakarite i te taurite i waenga i te taiao me te hapori.
He ariā kotahi te ao tūroa a te iwi Maya e hono ana i te rangi, te whenua, me te ao o raro ki te tirohanga kotahi. I whakapono te iwi Maya he huringa mutunga kore te ao o te hanganga me te whakangaromanga, he whakapono e whakaatahia ana i roto i tā rātou maramataka me ā rātou pūrākau.
Te Oranga Tonu me te Ngahuru
Ahakoa i eke te iwi Maya ki te taumata teitei o te whanaketanga, i pāngia te iwi e te hekenga ngaro i te tau 900 AD. He maha ngā ariā kua whakatakotoria mō ngā take o tēnei hekenga, tae atu ki te huringa āhuarangi, te paunga o ngā rauemi taiao, te pakanga i waenga i ngā tāone, me ētahi atu.
Heoi, kāore i ngaro rawa te iwi Maya. Kei te noho tonu ā rātou uri ki Amerika Waenganui, ā, kei te pupuri tonu i te nuinga o ā rātou tikanga tuku iho. Kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau whaipara tangata ki te hura i ētahi atu kōrero mō te oranga o te iwi Maya me tō rātou urutau ki ngā wero taiao.
Taonga Tuku Iho me te Tiaki
He taonga ahurea ngā wāhi whaipara tangata o te iwi Maya e kōrero ana i te kōrero whai rawa o tēnei ao whakahirahira. Heoi anō, kei te tūtaki anō hoki rātou ki ngā tūmomo mōrearea mai i te pahua, te whanaketanga o ēnei rā, me te whakakino o te taiao. Nō reira, he mea nui te tiaki i a rātou. He mea tika te mahi tahi ā-ao i waenga i ngā kaimātai whaipara tangata, ngā kāwanatanga, me ngā hapori o te rohe hei tiaki me te whakatairanga i te taonga tuku iho o te iwi Maya.
Whakamutunga
Kua homai e te whaipara tangata i Amerika Latina he tirohanga whakamiharo ki ngā iwi i hanga i te hītori o te rohe, ko te iwi Maya tētahi o ngā iwi tino rawe. Mā te tātari i ngā taonga tawhito , ngā hoahoanga, me ngā tuhinga, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki ngā oranga, ngā auahatanga, me ngā wero i pā ki te iwi Maya. Hei whakamutunga, ka āwhina te whaipara tangata i a tātou ki te maioha ki tō tātou taonga tuku iho ahurea me te ako mai i ngā wā o mua hei hanga i tētahi heke mai pai ake.
